• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.673-680
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• 2008

Multimedia system security can be categorized into groups such as protection of multimedia asset itself and protection of multimedia systems which can process multimedia asset. Divided consideration for these two factors will not hurt the importance of security management. In this paper, managing practices for keeping security level of multimedia systems are induced and categorized.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.920-930
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• 2019

To figure out the impact of debt financing on the profits of industrial enterprises, it starts with calculating the first differences against the logarithms of the cost profit ratios and the debt asset ratios of Chinese industrial enterprises during 179 months from 2002 to 2016; next, it runs the cointegration test and afterwards the regression test to analyze the obtained first differences, and still next uses the Simulink software to get the regularity of those changes. It finds out that there is not only a long-term stable relationship between the enterprises' profits and debts, but also a steady time series trend within a short term. The profit rate positively correlates to the debt asset ratio, and profit for the current term positively correlates to the profit for the previous term. It indicates that properly raised debts can help increase the profit rate of the industrial enterprises, and a higher previous profit level can help improve the current profit level.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1995

This study attempts to measure Quality of Life (QOL) of Korean farm households and examine the impacts of explanatory variables on QOL across residential areas. The data from 760 farm housewives were analyzed using means, Pearson's correlation, regression, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range tests. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. The general level of QOL of farm households was low. More specifically, among the three subcategories of QOL, the non for satisfaction in community life (SCL) was the highest and the score for satisfaction in home life (SHL) was the lowest. The score for the level of living in home life (LLHL) and SCL were high in the urban area and the score for the SHL was low in the mountainous area. 2. The significantly influenced variables fur the three subcategories of QOL were different in each residential areas. But it was common that the LLHL in the four residential areas was significantly determined by monetary asset and home management ability and the SHL was significantly determined by monetary asset in the three residential areas except the mountainous area.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Purpose: This study analyzed the factors that increase the satisfaction of local residents' housing and residential environment, and derived implications for housing suppliers and policymakers in local areas. Research design, data and methodology: The analysis method derived latent group types through latent profile analysis, and cross-analysis and covariate variance analysis (ANCOVA) were conducted to analyze the differences between these groups. Results: The analysis results are as follows. First, there are four potential group types: good neighborhood facilities and low-level surrounding environment 1 group, low-level neighborhood facilities and good surrounding environment 2 groups, overall low-level 3 groups, and overall high-level 4 groups. Second, groups 1 and 3 tend to live in relatively old apartments. Third, as a result of distributed analysis, groups with low accessibility to neighborhood facilities but good environmental conditions and groups with high overall levels had relatively high housing satisfaction. Conclusions: As an implication, we discussed the need for development that highlights natural environment-friendly characteristics as well as access to neighborhood facilities. In addition, in order to derive more specific implications, the direction of follow-up studies considering job linkage and the effects of specific and various environmental factors was presented together.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.263-274
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• 2024

The digitization of ship environments has increased the risk of cyberattacks on ships. The smartization and automation of ships are also likely to result in cyber threats. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has discussed the establishment of regulations at the autonomous level and has revised existing agreements by dividing autonomous ships into four stages, where stages 1 and 2 are for sailors who are boarding ships while stages 3 and 4 are for those not boarding ships. In this study, the level of a smart ship was classified into LEVELs (LVs) 1 to 3 based on the autonomous levels specified by the IMO. Furthermore, a risk assessment for smart ships at various LVs in different risk scenarios was conducted The cyber threats and vulnerabilities of smart ships were analyzed by dividing them into administrative, physical, and technical security; and mitigation measures for each security area were derived. A total of 22 cyber threats were identified for the cyber asset (target system). We inferred that the higher the level of a smart ship, the greater the hyper connectivity and the remote access to operational technology systems; consequently, the greater the attack surface. Therefore, it is necessary to apply mitigation measures using technical security controls in environments with high-level smart ships.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of fixed assets management of the factors affecting its management level. The surveyed data were gathered from 105 general hospitals among 263 general hospitals nationwide. The level of fixed assets management was measured by 11 dimensions of assets management. The results were as follows : 1. According to general characteristics of hospitals, the management level of public hospitals and corporatized hospitals was better than that of private hospitals. The management level was better as increasing beds. 2. In the structural characteristics of assets management, the management level of the hospitals which had the responsible person for assets management was better than that of the hospitals which had not. 3. In the operating characteristics of assets management, the hospitals that conducted education for the job had better level of assets management that did not it. The hospital that the discard of assets was decided by engineering department or management department were better in management level than the hospitals that it was decided by user department. The management level of hospitals which were computerized for assets management was better. 4. In the full model, the most factors affecting the level of assets management were the factors that were characterized by operation pattern of assets management, and the operating characteristics of assets management were explained to 23.1% of total 45.7%. Conclusively, the level of assets management was mostly affected by the operating characteristics of assets management which were education for the job, discard decision not by user department, computerization for assets management. Therefore, hospitals perform education of the job, discard decision by engineering or management department, and computerization for better level of fixed assets management

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.555-566
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• 2020

Recently, the aging of public facilities in Korea have accelerated, and the existing framework for facility management is shifting toward to facility asset management in terms of performance-based proactive control. Therefore, the operation of public facility involves both safety assurance from the deteriorated facilities and management capabilities for sustainable maintenance in the required valuation and level of service, such as valuation of facility assets, life-cycle management plans, financing, and so on. In this study, the Facility Asset Management Indicator(FAMI) has been developed for public facility asset management, and it provides the quantitative management grade, based on international standards, such as ISO 55000 series and International Infrastructure Management Manual(IIMM). The FMMI includes 10 key areas to apply a diagnosis model into management capabilities, 113 detailed elements, and 5 maturity grades. As the importance of public facility asset management is increasing constantly, this is expected to identify previously the strengths and weaknesses of public facility operating institutions. Eventually, they can obtain the effective ways to improve their own capabilities, minimize the public funds, establish the strategies for innovating the current management structures, and operate stably the facilities in the required performance.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.6D
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• pp.727-736
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• 2009

Many of the researchers have tried to enhance the satisfaction of both users and owners of social infrastructures by applying the asset management methodology. This study is to develop more efficient asset management framework for bridge management. Based on various literature review, an asset management procedure for bridge management was suggested, and appropriate practices at each step were given. The suggested procedures include the determination of operation and maintenance strategy, level of service, performance measure, valuation of assets, and decision-makings. In addition, this study suggests an applicable decision-making process for the resource distribution based on the management strategy.

• Journal of Consumption Culture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.93-118
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a householder's working type on household saving from the perspective of precautionary saving behavior theory and the determinants of household saving by householder's working type. The data for this study was from the 2009 year of the Korea Welfare Panel Survey (KOWEPS), consisting of 2,463 households with householders whose working type was regular or non-regular employment(temporary, daily or public work). OLS regression analyses and Chow-tests were performed. In the regression analyses, the dependent variables for household saving were precautionary saving and precautionary asset. Precautionary saving was operationalized with the amount of average monthly saving and the ratio of average monthly saving to average monthly disposable income, and precautionary asset was operationalized with the amount of financial assets and the ratio of financial assets to net assets. The independent variables were household income, household assets, householder's working type(regular, non-regular), householder's age, sex, education level and marriage status, income level, the number of household members, housing type, debt, and public transfer income. Monthly average total consumption expenditures for household income, and net assets for household assets, the existence of spouse for marriage status, poverty for income level were used. Public transfer income was classified into three, social insurance, basic assistance and government assistance. For the analyses, Stata 11.0 version was used. The results are as follows: Householder's working type was significantly related to the precautionary saving behavior of a household. However, the precautionary saving and the precautionary asset of a household with a householder in non-regular working type was lower than those of a household with a householder in regular working type. This result is not consistent with the expectation from the perspective of precautionary saving behavior that the saving of a household with a householder in non-regular working type is expected to be higher than that of a household with a householder in regular working type. According to the analyses of the determinants for precautionary saving behavior by householder's working type, monthly average total consumption expenditures, debt, net assets, poverty, the number of household members, basic assistance were statistically significant variables. The positive relation of basic assistance to precautionary saving(the amount of average monthly saving and the ratio of average monthly saving)is a noteworthy result in the analyses of the determinants for household saving by householder's working type. The above results suggest the followings. First, it is easy to predict the unstability of economic life of a household with a householder in non-regular working type because of relatively low precautionary saving and precautionary asset. The reason for the low precautionary saving and the low precautionary asset may be a low current income of the household in spite of its willingness to save. If this reasoning is possible, it suggests that policies are needed for households with householders in non-regular working type to save. Second, the relatively low precautionary saving and precautionary asset of a household with a householder in non-regular working type suggest also their long-term economic stability. This suggests they need to try a long-term financial planning even though they have limitations to save for future because of their low current income. It is necessary to develop the financial planning for the households with unstable incomes. Third, the determinants for precautionary saving behavior by householder's working type were mostly the ones which reflect the economic condition of a household. This suggests that the economic condition of a household is a core factor for household saving. Consequently, it emphasizes the efforts for a household to acquire the adequate level of income for saving. Forth, the positive relation of basic assistance to precautionary saving(the amount of average monthly saving and the ratio of average monthly saving) suggests the possibility for a household to accumulate the precautionary saving and the precautionary asset in the channel of basic assistance.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.175-193
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• 2018

This study identified the rate of income poverty and multidimensional poverty, correlation between income poverty and multidimensional poverty, and adjusted multidimensional poverty rate. We also analyzed the factors that affected the number of poverty dimension and the probability of belonging to the poor or not in 3,159 elderly households including 474 poor households and 2,685 middle class households. First, in poor households, the employment poverty rate was the highest and the housing poverty rate was the lowest. In middle class households, the relation poverty rate was the highest and the employment poverty rate was the lowest. Second, in poor households, correlation between asset poverty and relation poverty had the highest coefficient of .205 and asset poverty and housing poverty had the lowest coefficient of .149. In middle class households, the correlation between income poverty and relation poverty had highest coefficient of -.290 and employment poverty and relation poverty had the lowest coefficient of .038. Third, in poor households, the number of average poverty dimension was 4.30, but the number of average poverty dimensions of middle class households was 2.310. Fourth, the variable affecting the number of poverty dimensions in poor households were gender, age, level of education, marital status; however, the significant variables were gender, education level, marital status, income poverty in the middle class households. The variable that affected the probability of belonging to the poor or not in poor households was age. However, the significant variables were gender, education level, marital status, residence, and income poverty in middle class households.