• 아동학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.27-41
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales developed by the authors. Subjects of the study consisted of 132 Montessori teachers and 50 infants who were attending Montessori home school throughout the whole country, using census method. Infant's age ranged from 6 to 24 months. Data were analysed by using SAS 8.2 PC program. Statistical methods employed were frequency, Cronbach's alpha, Kappa coefficient, test-retest correlation, construct validity, and concurrent validity. The Cronbach's alpha of 6 sub-scales included physical, creativity, practical life, sense, language, and cognitive education, which ranged from .70 to .86. And the! correlation of the test/re-test was .72. The correlation between the 6 sub-scales of Infant-Montessori Performance Assessment Scales and the total scores of 6 items ranged from .06 to .84. Therefore, the construct validity of Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales was verified. The Kappa coefficient of inter-rater reliability was .76. The correlation between the Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales and the Standardized Korean Creativity Traits Checklist(K-CTC) and the Korean Child Social Maturity Scales showed non-significant levels of .16 and .12 respectively. Conclusively, Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales developed by the authors were verified through the above reliability and validity tests. Specifically the Infant Montessori Performance Assessment Scales showed the relationship of the convergent and divergent validity with the Korean Child Social Maturity Scales and the Standardized Korean Creativity Traits Checklist, respectively.

• 아동학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.199-213
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• 2002

This preliminary study aimed to develop 3 assessment scales for self-evaluation by day care directors and teachers. The development of major areas of evaluation and items as well as evaluation criteria for each item was based on the analysis of related research and major evaluation instruments. A panel of experts in early childhood education examined the contents. The 3 preliminary scales were administered in 87 day care centers; data were analyzed by item response distribution, item discrimination, and reliability of the scales. Items indicating low item discrimination were deleted and minor revisions were made to improve psychometric characteristics of each scale. The final version of the 3 scales is valid for use as self-evaluation instruments by day care directors and teachers.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2024

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between clinical assessment scales, self-assessment scales, and surface electromyography (SEMG) for facial nerve palsy. Methods: This study assessed 32 cases of facial nerve palsy on the first visit, 11 cases on the second visit, and 9 cases on the third visit to the Korean medicine hospital, university. This study was conducted from October 22, 2022, to December 22, 2022. The patients were evaluated using SEMG, clinical assessment scales, and self-assessment scales 3 times. The House-Brackmann grading systems (HBGS), Yanagihara unweighted grading system (Y-score), facial disability index, numerous rating scale, and accompanying symptoms of facial nerve palsy were used for assessment. Moreover, statistical correlation was analyzed using Pearson correlation. Results: On Visit 1, Significant correlations were observed between the results of SEMG and other clinical assessment scales as well as between SEMG-F (frontalis) and different parts of the Y-score. On Visit 2, significant correlations were observed between the results of SEMG and HBGS as well as between SEMG-F and the detailed parts of the Y-score. On Visit 3, significant correlations were observed only between SEMG-F and the detailed parts of the Y-score. A significant correlation was also observed between the changes in the clinical assessment scales on Visits 1 and 3 and between the changes in SEMG-F and those in the patient self-assessment scales. Conclusion: These findings suggest that SEMG can be used to evaluate facial nerve palsy in conjunction with the use of other clinical assessment scales.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.548-553
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• 2007

In general, cancer pain is neither fully recognized nor adequately treated. The inadequate pain control is due to failure of accurate assessment of cancer pain. This study was aimed to understand various characters of cancer pain and investigate available assessment scales which have been designed for, or frequently used with people with cancer pain. A total of 23 articles were selected from two different databases. The selected articles were analyzed according to three aspects of initial assessment, patient self-report and assessment of the outcomes of pain management. The characters of cancer pain is complex and includes physical, psychosocial, and spiritual dimension. Also, subjective pain can be classified into at least four specific factors, such as pain intensity, pain affect, pain relief, and pain quality. Based on various classification, the pain assessment scales can be divided into unidimensional or multidimensional. Among the more commonly used clinical tools are numeric rating scales, verbal rating scales, visual analog scales, and picture scales. Above all, in order to assess cancer pain objectively, the clinician must select appropriate assessment instruments which reflect pain definition and clinical purpose.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2009

Objectives : Low back pain is the most prevalent condition for receiving Korean traditional medical treatment. The aim of this review is to provide fundamental data for development of low back pain classification and assessment criteria which can be used in clinical trials and clinical practice. Methods : Domestic and international clinical studies on oriental medicine treatment for low back pain were searched through on-line databases. The searched articles were reviewed and the evaluation tools used in the studies were investigated. Results : A total of 38 possibly relevant articles in Pubmed were identified, of which 34 articles included assessment criteria for low back pain. And 38 articles were reviewed in the Journal of Korean Oriental Medicine and the Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society. 29 articles used pain scales, 24 used functional scales, and 20 among 34 articles in PubMed used both pain and functional scales. The majority of articles which published in Korea used worthless assessment scales of simple grades. There was no articles which used assessment scales related to the concepts of Korean traditional medicine. Conclusions : Our review of articles suggests that we would use both pain and functional scales. Future assessment scales should include the concepts of Korean traditional medicine.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2014

Analysis of scars in various conditions is essential, but no consensus had been reached on the scar assessment scale to select for a given condition. We reviewed papers to determine the scar assessment scale selected depending on the scar condition and treatment method. We searched PubMed for articles published since 2000 with the contents of the scar evaluation using a scar assessment scale with a Journal Citation Report impact factor >0.5. Among them, 96 articles that conducted a scar evaluation using a scar assessment scale were reviewed and analyzed. The scar assessment scales were identified and organized by various criteria. Among the types of scar assessment scales, the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) was found to be the most frequently used scale. As for the assessment of newly developed operative scars, the POSAS was most used. Meanwhile, for categories depending on the treatment methods for preexisting scars, the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) was used in 6 studies following a laser treatment, the POSAS was used in 7 studies following surgical treatment, and the POSAS was used in 7 studies following a conservative treatment. Within the 12 categories of scar status, the VSS showed the highest frequency in 6 categories and the POSAS showed the highest frequency in the other 6 categories. According to our reviews, the POSAS and VSS are the most frequently used scar assessment scales. In the future, an optimal, universal scar scoring system is needed in order to better evaluate and treat pathologic scarring.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.26-38
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• 2019

Purpose : The aims of this study were to identify the incidence of pressure ulcers and to compare the predictive validities of pressure ulcer risk assessment scales among trauma patients. Methods : This was a prospective observational study. A total of 155 patients admitted to a trauma intensive care unit in a university hospital were enrolled. The predictive validity of the Braden, Cubbin & Jackson, and Waterlow scales were assessed based on the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results : Of the patients, 14 (9.0%) subsequently developed pressure ulcers. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values were 78.6%, 75.9%, 24.4%, and 97.3%, respectively, for the Braden scale (cut-off point of 12); 85.7%, 68.8%, 21.4%, and 98.0%, respectively, for the Cubbin & Jackson scale (cut-off point of 26); and 71.4%, 87.2%, 35.7%, and 96.9%, respectively, for the Waterlow scale (cut-off point of 18). The AUCs were 0.88 (Waterlow), 0.86 (Braden), and 0.85 (Cubbin & Jackson). Conclusion : The findings indicate that the predictive validity values of the Waterlow, Braden, and Cubbin & Jackson scales were similarly high. However, further studies need to also consider clinical usefulness of the scales.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to obtain data for the development of an effective fall risk assessment tool for pediatric inpatients through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic test accuracy of existing scales. Methods: A literature search using Medline, Science Direct, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was performed between March 1 and 31, 2018. Of 890 identified papers, 10 were selected for review. Nine were used in the meta-analysis. Stata version 14.0 was used to create forest plots of sensitivity and specificity. A summary receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare all diagnostic test accuracies. Results: Four studies used the Humpty Dumpty Falls Scale. The most common items included the patient's diagnoses, use of sedative medications, and mobility. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the nine studies were .79 and .36, respectively. Conclusion: Considering the low specificity of the pediatric fall risk assessment scales currently available, there is a need to subdivide scoring categories and to minimize items that are evaluated using nurses' subjective judgment alone. Fall risk assessment scales should be incorporated into the electronic medical record system and an automated scoring system should be developed.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.20-31
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• 2005

Objectives:This study was designed to investigate the characteristics of personality changes and emotional distress using the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI), divided into mild (MTBI) and severe (STBI) groups according to the severity of injury. Methods:The subjects were consisted of 25 patients with MTBI, 25 patients with STBI, and 25 normal controls. They were interviewed with the PAI. The data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$ test, analysis of variance and Tukey test. Results:The results were the followings. First, Negative Impression in validity scales was elevated above cutoff point(T score 70) in both MTBI and STBI groups. Second, the clinical scales of which scores elevated above the cutoff point were Somatic Complaints, Anxiety, Anxiety-Related Disorders, Depression, and Schizophrenia in the MTBI, and Somatic Complaints and Depression in the STBI. Third, the clinical subscales above the cutoff point were Conversion, Somatization, Health Concerns, Affective Anxiety, Physiological Anxiety, Traumatic Stress, Cognitive Depression, Affective Depression, Physiological Depression, Thought Disorder, and Affective Instability in the MTBI, and Health Concerns, Cognitive Depression, Affective Depression, and Physiological Depression in the STBI. Fourth, Suicide Ideation in treatment scales was the only scale above the cutoff point in the MTBI and the others of the treatment and interpersonal scales in the MTBI and all of these scales of the STBI were not elevated above the cutoff point. Fifth, the scales of which scores showed significant difference between the MTBI and the STBI were Somatic Complaints, Anxiety, Depression, and Suicide Ideation, the subscales were Conversion, Somatization, Health Concerns, Affective Anxiety, Physiological Anxiety, Physiological Depression, and Psychotic Experiences. Conclusion:These results suggest that the patients with MTBI had more somatic and anxiety symptoms, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation than the patients with STBI. These characteristics are generally consistent with clinical observation and findings from previous studies of the patients with TBI, and the PAI seems to be a beneficial adjunctive assessment tool for the evaluation of patients with traumatic brain injury.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to validate fall risk assessment scales among hospitalized adult patients in South Korea using the electronic medical records by comparing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of Morse Fall Scale (MFS), Bobath Memorial Hospital Fall Risk Assessment Scale (BMFRAS), and Johns Hopkins Hospital Fall Risk Assessment tool (JHFRAT). Methods: A total of 120 patients who experienced fall episodes during their hospitalization from June 2010 to December 2013 was categorized into the fall group. Another 120 patients, who didn't experience fall episodes with age, sex, clinical departments, and the type of wards matched with the fall group, were categorized to the comparison group. Data were analyzed for the comparisons of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the curve of the three tools. Results: MFS at a cut-off score of 48 had .806 for ROC curves, 76.7% for sensitivity, 77.5% for specificity, 77.3% for positive predictive value, and 76.9% for negative predictive value, which were the highest values among the three fall assessment scales. Conclusion: The MFS with the highest score and the highest discrimination was evaluated to be suitable and reasonable for predicting falls of inpatients in med-surg units of university hospitals.