• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 1999

We investigated the effect of constant photoperiod (16L : 8D, 12L : 12D, 8L : 16D), on the oviposition, parasitism, and emergence of Trichogramma dendrolimi. Also during 16L : 8D condition circadian, oviposition and emergence of this species on artificial eggs were checked every 2hrs. When twelve eggs of Antheraea pern~i and artificial eggs were provided, the wasps had the highest rate of oviposition in the first day, and decreased dramatically there after. In these different photoperiod, the total oviposition numbers per A. pernyi eggs by the wasp were 161.8 in 16L : 8D, 145.8 in 121 : 12D and 128.5 in 8L : 16D respectively in the first day. On the other hand for the artificial egg in 16L : 8D photoperiod, the total oviposition number per egg was 106.8 in the first day, 26.6 in the 2nd day and 21.3 in the 3rd day. The rate of emergence from A. pernyi eggs was not different depend on wasp's day age, however in the artificial eggs, after the first day's 84.7% decreased considerably. The emergence rate from artificial eggs was the highest comparatively between 04:OO-0600 hours.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.501-511
• /
• 2015

This study suggests a method of alleviating global warming by the increase of the Earth surface albedo through Artificial Sea ice Increasing (ASI) over the Available Freezing Areas (AFA). The method is developed based on the fact that the large sea surface area in or near the Arctic and the Antarctic has no ice even though both water and air temperatures are below zero and the artificial sea ice generation is thus available. The mean energy of $0.85Wm^{-2}$, which was suspected of adding to the earth by the global warming effect was calculated to offset at once when the sea ice area about $4.09{\times}10^6km^2$ was additionally increased. In addition, three techniques for producing ice plates on the sea surface (using ships, installation apparatus, and floating matter such as Green Cell Foam) for ASI were proposed. According to the result of simple analysis using the energy balance model, when ASI was maximally operated only for 3 months (September, October, and November) over AFA, it is expected that the annual mean temperature of earth surface would be decreased about $0.11^{\circ}C$ in the following year. On the other hand, in case of generating the artificial sea ice in all four seasons, a risk of triggering snowball earth was detected.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.5_3
• /
• pp.713-721
• /
• 1998

The effects of artificial interference on the vegetation landscape in Mt. Nam of Seoul, Korea were clarified by analysing the distribution of vegetation landscape element and the number and size of patch depicted as a vegetation map in terms of landscape ecological principles. The effects of artificial interference on vegetation were also confirmed from the environmental gradient analysis on plant community extended from the lowland to the peak of that mountain. Vegetation landscape elements were divided into plantation and secondary forest in actual vegtation map. The ratio of plantation to secondary forest was higher in the lowland below mid-slope and the southern slope. Most afforested land were occupied by Robinia pseudoacacia and Populus tomentoglandulosa, Pinus rigida, P. koraiensis, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Alnus hirsuta and so on are localy planted. In addition, projects to replace those afforested trees by P. densiflora as a kind of campaign for "Restoration of the one original feature of Mt. Nam" or to replace those tree species by planting young Abies holophylla or P. koraiensis under the mature afforested trees are also carried out in recent years. In cases of secondary forest, the southern slope was dominated by P. densiflora and the northern one by Q. mongolica. But the lowland of the northern slope is dominated by P. densiflora as the same as that in the southern slope. Vegetation landscape elements in Mt. Nam were much simplified comparing with that of suburban area around Seoul. The number of patches, which reflects the degree of diverse artificial interference was more in the lower area than in the upper area and more in the southern slope than in the northern one. On the other hand, the size of patch showed the antagonistic tendency to that of the number of patch. As a result of environmental gradient analysis, vegetation distribution in Mt. Nam was different from that in suburban area around Seoul. For example, Alnus japonica community, Zelkova serrata community, and Carpinus laxiflora community, which is established in mountain comparatively rare in artificial interference disappeared in Mt. Nam. As a result of analysis on vegetational succession in P. densiflora community and Q. mongolica community, both communities showed a tendency of retrogressive succession differently from that in control site located in suburban area around Seoul. In addition, species composition of P. densiflora and Q. mongolica communities in Mt. Nam were also different from those in Mt. Surak located around Seoul. It was interpreted that those results were originated from the environmental pollution and excessive arti ficial interferences.rferences.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
• /
• 2007.10b
• /
• pp.78-83
• /
• 2007

The colors have a close to our life and there are many color names derived from plants in Japan. This study aimed to analyze relationship people and plants and investigated what the images of colors derived from plants related to the color names. Surveys on color images of abstract and concrete were conducted with adults who lived in the metropolitan area and in urban areas. The subjects were surveyed about images of similar colors derived from plants(3 type of similar two colors; pink, green and yellow) and asked to select a pair of color names(momo or pink, midori or green, yamabuki or lemon) corresponding to the color. The subjects were simultaneously presented with two similar colors and asked to give their perceptions of each color against 13 polar opposite pairs of terms or phrases using a Semantic Differential Scale, and asked to select the number of the 16 items concerned with life such as clothes and food. With the pink colors, many subjects did not feel opposite abstract images between these two similar colors and felt the same concrete images such as 'cosmetics' and 'clothes', and these color names such as momo and pink are confused. With the green colors and the yellow colors, many subjects felt opposite abstract images between these two similar colors such as 'natural - artificial' and 'rural - urban' and different concrete images such as 'plants' and 'plastics', and these two similar colors are distinguished by the color names such as 'midori - green' and 'yamabuki - lemon'. The results revealed that there are two patterns in the relationship colors derived from plants, color images and color names. In the pattern which images of colors derived from plants are connected with artificial things irrelevant to plants, the color names corresponding to the two similar colors are confused. On the other hand, in the pattern which images of colors derived from plants are connected with plants and artificial things, the two similar colors are distinguished by their color names. So demographics influenced the images of color, younger subjects compared with older tend to obviously distinguish images of colors derived from plants, and there are images of color influenced by the environment as a child. In both patterns, images of colors derived from plants are influenced by artificial things and natural colors are limited among many people. These results indicate that there are a few opportunities to see colors of plants which are full of variety. These results suggest that it is necessary to recognize colors derived from plants in relation to plants and to educate regarding the nature of plants, therefore landscape architecture focused on colors of plants is required.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.331-335
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of CFBC artificial fine aggregate as a substitute for natural aggregate used in dry mortar. The basic performance of the flow, compressive strength and dry shrinkage of the dry mortar was evaluated. Four types of test dry mortar specimens using natural aggregate without expansion admixture, a specimen with modified CaO expansion admixture and natural aggregate, a specimen with modified CaO expansion admixture and CFBC artificial fine aggregate, and a specimen using CFBC artificial fine aggregate without modified CaO expansion admixture were evaluated respectively. As a result of evaluation of drying shrinkage performance at 20th day of age, the dry shrinkage performance of the specimen using modified CaO expansion admixture was found to be the highest at $250{\times}10^{-6}$. On the other hand, the specimen containing the modified CaO expansion admixture with CFBC artificial aggregate exhibited a shrinkage of $410{\times}10^{-6}$, and the drying shrinkage of specimen using natural fine aggregate without expansion admixture was $450{\times}10^{-6}$. When the modified CaO expansion material was used, and exhibited performance equal to or higher than that of the shrinkage-drying property.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2019

Recently, attention has been paid to obtaining bio-polyols from renewable resources. Successful use of these natural ingredients successfully produced in the industry for the synthesis of various polyurethanes is a very important task. In this study, a series of dimethylformamide (DMF) based polyurethanes were synthesized from methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)/1, 4-butanediol and bio-polyol (polytrimethylene ether glycol based on 1, 3-propanediol : B-POL)/polyester polyol (polyadipate diol based on 1,4-butandiol : H-PET). The effect of different ratio of bio-polyol (B-POL)/polyester polyol (H-PET) on the physical properties of polyurethane was investigated. As the B-POL content in B-POL/H-PET mixture increased, the glass transition of soft segment (Tgs) and tensile strength of polyurethane decreased, however, the elongation at break and tear strength increased. On the other hand, artificial leather was produced by wet process using synthesized DMF-based polyurethanes. It was found that there was almost no difference in the effect of the B-POL/H-PET composition on the average size and density (the number of cells per unit volume) of the porous cells formed in artificial leather. These results show that there is no problem in using bio-polyol (B-POL) based polyurethane for artificial leather produced by wet process.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.603-615
• /
• 2020

The design factors of artificial recharge are determined by considering the hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer. The optimal design factors for artificial recharge were derived after performing the injection tests step by step for each injection type (vertical well, ditch and mixed type), which were built in the test site of the study area. It was analyzed that the difference in the injection effect according to the diameter of the injection well was not large, and the 100 mm well was evaluated as appropriate in consideration of the availability and economy of land use. Since the injection effect was well maintained even in the upper rock, the depth of the injection well was proposed for the alluvial layer and the upper rock layer. On the other hand, in four cases of filter media in the ditch, it was analyzed that the penetration efficiency and the hydraulic interference effect indicated excellent injection performance when a filter medium of 10 to 30 mm diameter was filled in the ditch. In addition, the proper spacing of the injection wells was analyzed as 9~12 m considering the interference efficiency. The interference efficiency attenuation coefficient per 1 m of hole spacing was calculated to be 1.75% in this area. In the future study, the artificial recharge design factors obtained in this stage are applied and verified on site construction and operation. Also it is expected to contribute to securing water in areas where there is always a lack of water.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.274-282
• /
• 2022

In order to secure pedestrians' right to walk, we have up-cycled second hand mobile phones to overcome limitations of the existing survey methods, analysis methods, and diagnosis to reduce pedestrian traffic accidents. Second hand mobile phones were up-cycled to produce mobile CCTVs and installed in areas where pedestrian deaths rate is high to secure image data sets for the period of more than 24 hours. It was analyzed by applying image visualization technology and clouding reporting technology, and more precise and accurate results were derived through modeling based on artificial intelligence learning and GIS-based diagnostic guidance. As a result, it was possible to analyze the risk factors and number of pedestrian safety, and even factors that were not known in the existing method could be derived. In addition, the traffic accident risk index was derived by converting data into one year to verify whether second hand mobile phone up-cycling mobile CCTV will be an objective tool for finding pedestrian risk factors. Up-cycling mobile CCTV of second hand mobile phones newly applied through research can be used as a new tool to find pedestrian risk factors, and it can be used as a service to protect the safety of the traffic vulnerable other than pedestrians.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 2024

Patients with amputations of both hands need prosthetic hands that serve both cosmetic and functional purposes, and research on prosthetic hands using electromyography of remaining muscles is active, but there is still the problem of high cost. In this study, an artificial prosthetic hand was manufactured and its performance was evaluated using low-cost parts and software such as a surface electromyography sensor, machine learning software Edge Impulse, Arduino Nano 33 BLE, and 3D printing. Using signals acquired with surface electromyography sensors and subjected to digital signal processing through Edge Impulse, the flexing movement signals of each finger were transmitted to the fingers of the prosthetic hand model through training to determine the type of finger movement using machine learning. When the digital signal processing conditions were set to a notch filter of 60 Hz, a bandpass filter of 10-300 Hz, and a sampling frequency of 1,000 Hz, the accuracy of machine learning was the highest at 82.1%. The possibility of being confused between each finger flexion movement was highest for the ring finger, with a 44.7% chance of being confused with the movement of the index finger. More research is needed to successfully develop a low-cost prosthetic hand.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.477-482
• /
• 2004

Due to the traffic congestion of the city and public transportation-oriented policies, public transportation is receiving more attention and being used increasingly However, relatively less research on the design and distribution of public transportation network and limitations in quantitative approaches have made implementation and operation practically difficult. Over- or under-supply of transportation routes caused unbalanced connectivity among areas and differences in time, expenses and metal burden of users. On the other hand, the Space Syntax theory, designed to calculate the connectivity of urban or architectural space, helps generate quantitative connectivity of whole space simply based on the spacial structure. This study modified the original Space Syntax algorithm to fit the public transportation problem and showed how it is appied to a network by creating an artificial network using the GIS.