• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2014

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of ubiquitous hazardous pollutants derived from fossil fuel, various combustion sources and pyrolysis of a wide range of plastics. Because PAHs can be uptake into crop plants, the inhibitory effects on rice and soybean plants were examined in greenhouse and growth chamber experiment. Soil-applied PAHs (phenanthrene of 0, 10, 30, 100 ppm) slightly reduced the plant height and dry weight both in transplanted rice and soybean plant. The inhibitory effect on growth was greater in soybean than rice. Plant height of soybean plants treated by 100 ppm was 58.9 cm and this value was 87.2% of untreated plant. In rice plant, the plant height was less inhibited (96.0% of untreated plant) by 100 ppm at 80 days after treatment (DAT). However, leaf chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence were less inhibited by PAHs at late growth stage (after heading) although the photosynthesis-related parameters were slightly inhibited from 20 DAT to 70 DAT. In agar medium experiment with infant seedlings, inhibition of seedling length and fresh weight by phenanthrene at 100 ppm were greater as compared to the experiment with adult plant in pot. Seedling length and fresh weight were reduced by 54.2% and 33.3% for rice and 27.9% and 13.2% for soybean, respectively. The results reflected that PAHs were more inhibitory during juvenile stage than adult stage and more inhibitory to rice plant than soybean for juvenile stage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.7 no.1 s.18
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• pp.24-27
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• 2003

In this paper it was investigated 15 heaters of CDU plant heater, NCC plant heater, CO plant heater, Aromatic plant heater and so on while running in our country. It was also analysed the standard of operation procedure, the action in alarm, the interlock system, the operating situation of the interlock by-pass and major accident about the heater and so on. This paper presents the installation of the on-line monitoring, the additional installation of the local pressure gauge and temperature gauge, the check in starting operation,'the management of the interlock by-pass, the change of manufacturer causing the disorder of instrument sensor, the management method of DCS alarm for methods of the interlock prevention and facilities improvement. It was few information about the heater interlock in the inside and outside of the country We mainly have studied with reflecting the opinion of the operator and manager on site, the sheet of process trouble and operation procedure and so on. we think that the accident relating to the interlock will significantly reduce if the companies apply the conclusion of this study(i.e. methods of the interlock prevention and facilities improvement).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 1994

Wastewaters being treated and final effluents were collected from 3 wastewater treatment plants of petrochemical industries, from August 31 to October 4, 1993 in an interval of 10 days, and further analysed by GC/FID to investigate discharge situation and removal efficiency on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The results were as follows: 1. The PAHs 294.57 $\mu$g/l were discharged in primary treatment effluent of plant A to manufacture vinyl acetate resin and acryl, and removed 54.51% by aeration and totally 84.71%. 2. The PAHs of the highest concentration were discharged in primary treatment effluent of plant B to manufacture PS resin and ABS resin, but removed 91.65% by activated sludge process and 98.19% by activated carbon to discharge PAHs of the lowest concentration comparing to another treatment operations. 3. The PAHs 99.96 $\mu$g/l of the lowest concentration were discharged in wastewater of plant C to manufacture epoxy resin, and removed 80.48% by activated sludge process. 4. B treatment system including activated carbon showed up the best removal efficiency of PAHs. Activated carbon therefore, seems to be effective as tertiary treatment. 5. Correlation coefficient of components to total PAHs was generally low, and correlation coefficients of phenanthrene, pyrene and acenaphthylene to total PAHs were each 0.98, 0.97 and 0.80, respectively. Correlation coefficient of the sum of phenanthrene, pyrene and acenaphthylene to total PAHs was 0.99, so that the sum of phenanthrene, pyrene and acenaphthylene was available as index to estimated total PAHs. 6. Phenanthrene and Chrysene were very well treated biologically and acenaphthylene and fluoranthene were untreated biologically. 7. Considering EPA standards, it seems that the concentration of phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and benzo(k)fluoranthene is high level.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 1986

Under the different conditions of planting density and nitrogen level with aromatic tobacco, some agronomic characters of tobacco like plant height, leaf size, LAI, yield and price were investigated in view of aroma volatile acid contents, the main compounds contributing to the aroma of oriental leaf tobacco. The closer a spacing interval became, the smaller the growth of plant and the leaf size with increment of yields, until about 22,000 plants per 10 are. But the leaf size became smaller without increment of yield when the planting density became more than 22,000 plants per 10 are. There were definite trends toward increase in leaf size, LAI and yield with increase in nitrogen rate. Correlation coefficient between aroma volatile and plant height, largest leaf length, one leaf area was -0.49, -0.49 and -0.47, respectively, showing significance at 1 % level. But LAI (r=-0.14) and dry weight of unit leaf area(r=0.25) was not observed to be significantly associated with aroma volatile, respectively. The results suggest that closer spacing is desirable for smaller leaves, higher contents of aroma volatile and for increased yield.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.282-288
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• 1999

The experiment was carried out to determine the effects of soil condition on the agronomic characters and aromatic substances in cultivated Codonopsis Lanceolata. An increase of planting densities of Codonopsis Lanceolata. from 1 to 5 plant per pot resulted in the smaller root width, but root yield increased from 109.8g to 286.9g per 1/200pot. The width growth as soil water contents were higher in surplus soil water than that of cultivated deficit soil water. The contents of water, reducing sugar, crude protein and malic acid were higher in cultivated wild than in cultivated upland soil. The higher contents of volatile essential oils as 3-rnethylpentanoic acid and squalene was obtained at the normal soil moisture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 1996

Chinese crude drug 'Se Sin'(細辛)has been used to cure headache, cough and expectorant. To the botanical origin of 'Se Sin', Zhong-yao-zhi(中葯志) reported Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum. A. sieboldii and A. sieboldii var. seoulensis, and Zhong-yao-da-ci-dian(中葯大辭典) reported Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum and A. sieboldii of Aristolochiaceae. In Korea, this crude drug has been used as a Korean folk remedy for tothache and aromatic. The botanical origin of 'Se Sin' is considered to be Asarum species of Aristolochoaceae. But there has no pharmacognostical confirmation on it. To clarify the botanical origin of 'Se Sin', we studied on the anatomical characteristics of Asarum species growing wildly in Korea i.e. A. maculatum, A. sieboldii, A. sieboldii var. seoulensis, and of 'Se Sin' from Korea on Korean market. Through our studies, the botanical origin of 'Se Sin' from Korea was proved to be whole plant of Asarum sieboldii and A. sieboldii var. seoulensis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.168-171
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• 2009

The volatile aroma constituents of Eclipta prostrata L. (leaves, stems, and flowers) were isolated by hydro-distillation extraction method and analyzed by GC/MS. The yield of Eclipta prostrata L. essential oil was 0.1% (v/w), and its color was yellow. Sixty-eight volatile flavor compounds, which make up 71.15% of the total volatile composition of the essential oil were tentatively characterized. It contained 35 hydrocarbons (56.25%) with sesquiterpene predominating, 12 alcohols (3.05%), 8 ketones (3.83%), 9 aldehydes (1.86%), 2 oxides (6.03%), and 2 esters (0.13%). ${\alpha}$-Humulene, 6,9-heptadecadiene, (E)-${\beta}$-farnesene, and ${\alpha}$-phellandrene were the major abundant aroma components in Eclipta prostrata L., aromatic and medicinal plant.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2007

The volatile flavor compounds of Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke, a perennial, aromatic and medicinal herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family, were isolated by the hydro distillation extraction method using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The plant yielded a light yellow colored oil (0.02%, v/w). From S. lappa C.B. Clarke root oil, sixty-three volatile flavor compounds were tentatively identified, among which sesquiterpene was predominant (21.70%). The identified compounds of the root oil constituted 87.47% of the total peak area. From the constituents making up more than 5% of the volatile flavor components, a long-chain aldehyde, (7Z, 10Z, 13Z)-7, 10, 13-hexadecatrienal, was the most abundant volatile flavor compound (21.20%), followed by dehydrocostuslactone (10.30%) belonging to sesquiterpene lactone, valerenol (5.30%) and vulgarol B (5.06%).

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.489-492
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• 2007

We investigated the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts obtained from the flowers of Elsholtzia splendens on Chinese hamster ovary CHO-K1 cells. When cells were treated with E. splendens extracts (ESEs), low concentrations (<12.5 ug/mL) of stimulated cell proliferation via radical generation. Relative mRNA expression of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Mn-SOD in cells exposed to ESEs (1-20 ug/mL) was significantly induced in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). In the case of catalase, ESEs had opposing effects; that is, a low-level treatment caused a decrease, and a high-level treatment induced elevated levels (p<0.05). The results demonstrated that components of ESEs exhibit potential antioxidant properties. Also, further studies are required to clarify the active components of Elsholtzia splendens extracts responsible for such biological activities.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.147-151
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• 2010

The volatile aroma constituents of Atractylodes japonica rhizome were separated by steam distillation extraction method using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of the essential oil from Atractylodes japonica was 1.0% (v/w), and its color was pale yellow. Forty-five volatile flavor compounds, which make up 93.86% of the total peak area, were tentatively identified in the rhizome oil. The oil contained 32 hydrocarbons (79.19%) with sesquiterpene hydrocarbon predominating, 3 esters (12.46%), 4 alcohols (0.11%), 1 ketone (0.01%), 2 aldehydes (0.02%), and 3 miscellaneous compounds (2.07%).