• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.187-198
• /
• 2006

The aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs), which include benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and dioxin, are important chemical and environmental contaminants in industry that usually cause various diseases. Over the years, numerous studies have described and evaluated the adverse health effects induced by AHs. Currently, "Omics" technologies, transcriptomics and proteomics, have been applied in AH toxicity studies. Proteomics has been used to identify molecular mechanisms and biomarkers associated with global chemical toxicity. It could enhance our ability to characterize chemical-induced toxicities and to identify noninvasive biomarkers. The proteomic approach (e.g. 2-dimensional electrophoresis [2-DE]), can be used to observe changes in protein expression during chemical exposure with high sensitivity and specificity. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and electrospray ionization-quadrupole (ESI-Q)-TOF MS/MS are recognized as the most important protein identification tools. This review describes proteomic technologies and their application in the proteomic analysis of AH toxicity.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.320-327
• /
• 1972

韓國産 土炭의 흄酸의 性狀(分子量, 分子式 및 示性式)과 基應用(田沓用 土壤改良制 및 溶性燐質 肥料製造)에 關해서 이미 硏究報韓 바가 있으나, 흄酸의 構造를 推定하는데 있어서, 未及한 鮎이 있어서, 이의 補完策으로서 aromatic diazonium salt를 coupling 시켜, phenolic-OH group 의 結合狀態를 살펴보고 各種 aromatic diazonium salt와 흄酸 및 니트로흄酸에 依해서 얻어진 生成物들을 Azo 染料로 利用함으로서 應用策의 一環을 講究했다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.176-179
• /
• 2003

The objective of this study was to investigate reductive dechlorination of aromatic hydrocarbons using zero valent metals (ZVMs) and catalysts as reactive materials for permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). A group of small aromatic hydrocarbons such as monochlorophenols, phenol, benzene were readily reduced with palladium catalyst and zero valent iron. Poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also tested with the catalysts and zero valent metal combinations. The aromatic rings were reduced and partly reduced PAHs were found as the daughter compounds. Current preliminary study implicate that ZVMs and modified catalysts can be successfully applied for PRBs which currently applicable for halogenated organic compounds and some inorganic contaminants including chromium(Ⅵ) and nitrate.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.66-71
• /
• 2001

The objective of this study was to depict the kinetic behavior of the platinum catalyst for the deep oxidation of aromatic solvents and their binary mixtures. The oxidation kinetics of aromatic solvents, which were benzene, toluene and m-xylene, was studied on a 0.5% $Pt/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalyst. Deep oxidation of binary mixtures, which were 1:1 in volume, was carried out and the inlet concentration was controlled in the range of 133 and 333ppmv. An approach based on the two-stage redox model was used to analysis the results. The deep oxidation conversion of aromatic solvents was inversely proportional to inlet concentration in plug flow reactor. This trend is due to the zeroth-order kinetics with respect to inlet concentration. The kinetic parameters of multicomponent model were independently evaluated from the single compound oxidation experiments. A simple multicomponent model based on two-stage redox rate model made reasonably good predictions of conversion over the range of parameters studied.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.333-341
• /
• 2006

The concept for the decolorization in biological dye wastewater treatment systems is based on anaerobic treatment, for the reductive cleavage of the dyes' azo linkages, in combination with aerobic treatment, for the degradation of the products from azo dye cleavage, aromatic amines. Batch tests were conducted to examine the conditions and the factors affecting biological treatment of dye wastewater. From the tests, the removal efficiencies of organics and colors of dyeing wastewater were improved to $COD_{Cr}$ 27% and color 9% by injecting 10% of the domestic wastewater as a cosubstrate, and $COD_{Cr}$ 30%, color 22% with 30% injection of domestic wastewater. Therefore it was proved that decolorization efficiency is demonstrated with domestic wastewater as a cosubstrate. The analysis of aromatic amines in wastewater showed that decolorization was achieved by cometabolism while aromatic amines were produced by cleavage of azo bonds under anaerobic conditions and these products were removed in an aerobic tank subsequently.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.95-99
• /
• 2010

Decamer RAPD primers were tested on dioeceious and hermaphrodite plants of Commiphora wightii to identify sex-specific molecular markers. Sixty different random decamer primers were screened out of which only three primers were found to be associated with sex expression. A ~1,280-bp fragment from the primer OPN06 was found to be present in all the female individuals. Another primer OPN 16 produced a unique ~400-bp amplification product in only hermaphrodite individuals. The third marker, OPA20 amplified a ~1,140-bp fragment from female and hermaphrodite DNAs, but failed to do so from the male plant DNAs.

• EDISON SW 활용 경진대회 논문집
• /
• 제6회(2017년)
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2017

유기 화학에서 Aromatic 화합물은 내부 전자의 비편재화로 인해 부가적인 에너지적 안정성을 얻는 화합물을 일컫는다. 이러한 화합물의 aromaticity를 판단하는 보편적인 기준으로는 Huckel's rule이 널리 알려져 있다. 그러나 Huckel's rule은 복잡한 화합물에서는 적용이 어려울 뿐 아니라 최근에는 Huckel's rule에서 벗어난 aromatic 화합물이 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Huckel's rule의 한계를 보완하고자 aromatic 화합물의 에너지적, 구조적, 자기적 성질을 계산화학적 방법으로 분석하고 이를 토대로 체계적인 기준을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 동일한 수의 탄소와 수소로 구성된 $C_nH_n$ 형태의 annulene 또는 annulene 라디칼과 이들의 이온을 계산 대상으로 설정하여 homodesmotic stabilization energy (HSE), C-C결합 길이, nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS)를 산출해내기 위한 density functional theory (DFT) 계산을 수행하였다. 그 결과 aromatic 화합물은 공통적으로 0보다 큰 HSE 값을 가지며 C-C결합 길이가 비교적 일정하고 0보다 작은 NICS 값을 갖는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.222-228
• /
• 2010

Biological degradation of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds was investigated in activated sludge previously adapted to mineralize low concentrations of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds. Normally, the time required for 95% degradation of 10 mg/l dinitrophenol (DNP) under aerobic conditions was less than 4 hours without any lag, and with mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) levels from 600 to 1,000 mg/l. However, when the initial DNP concentration was increased to 75 mg/l, lags and even complete inhibition of DNP degradation were observed. The length of the lag was found to increase proportionally with decreasing MLSS levels. When dilute activated sludge was incubated for extended periods (192 hours), degradation of 75 mg/l DNP did eventually occur after lag periods of 37 to 144 hours, depending on the MLSS concentration. DNP was degradable in high concentrations if MLSS concentrations were sufficiently high to allow growth of bacteria resistant to the toxic effects of DNP.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제16권7호
• /
• pp.609-613
• /
• 1995

The reaction of chloro(methylthio and arylthio)methanephosphonate (1) and Pummerer-type reaction of sulfinylmethanephosphonate (2) with nucleophiles such as aromatic compounds and thiols were examined. The direct chlorination of (methylthio and arylthio)methanephosphonate with N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) led to the formation of monochlorinated phosphonates (1) in good yield. The reaction of 1 with aromatic compounds and thiols in the presence of stannic chloride afforded a variety of aryl(methylthio)methanephosphonates (3) and thioacetals of formylphosphonates (4), respectively. Phosphonates 3 and 4 were also obtained from the reaction of Pummerer intermediate, generated from sulfinylmethanephosphonate (2), with aromatic compounds and thiols, respectively. A versatile reaction conditions to generate Pummerer intermediate were examined. The best condition was the combination of trifluoroacetic anhydride with stannic chloride. All reactions may involve an initial formation of α-phosphoryl thiocarbocation and a subsequent nucleophilic attack of aromatic compounds and thiols.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.224-227
• /
• 1990

The excitation mechanism of polycyclic aromatic amines (amino-PAHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) for the chemiluminescence arising from the reaction between oxalate ester, bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO) or bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)oxalate (DNPO) and hydrogen peroxide has been studied in terms of the excitation efficiencies to singlet excitation energies and the oxidative half-wave potentials. As a results of the study, the excitations of both amino-PAHs and PAHs appear to involve the charge transfer type of energy transfer. However the chemiluminescence efficiency corrected for fluorescence quantum yield of the amino-PAHs are varied more sensitively to the oxidative half-wave potential than that of PAHs possibly due to the large difference in solvation energy between the compounds and their ions.