• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.160-167
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• 2005

Among finite filed arithmetic operations, division/inverse is known as a basic operation for public-key cryptosystems over $GF(2^{m})$ and it is computed by performing the repetitive $AB^{2}$ multiplication. This paper presents a digit-serial-in-serial-out systolic architecture for performing the $AB^2$ operation in GF$(2^{m})$. To obtain L×L digit-serial-in-serial-out architecture, new $AB^{2}$ algorithm is proposed and partitioning, index transformation and merging the cell of the architecture, which is derived from the algorithm, are proposed. Based on the area-time product, when the digit-size of digit-serial architecture, L, is selected to be less than about m, the proposed digit-serial architecture is efficient than bit-parallel architecture, and L is selected to be less than about $(1/5)log_{2}(m+1)$, the proposed is efficient than bit-serial. In addition, the area-time product complexity of pipelined digit-serial $AB^{2}$ systolic architecture is approximately $10.9\%$ lower than that of nonpipelined one, when it is assumed that m=160 and L=8. Additionally, since the proposed architecture can be utilized for the basic architecture of crypto-processor and it is well suited to VLSI implementation because of its simplicity, regularity and pipelinability.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.129-143
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• 2023

In the era of big data, the field of artificial intelligence is showing remarkable growth, and in particular, the image classification learning methods by deep learning are becoming an important area. Various studies have been actively conducted to further improve the performance of CNNs, which have been widely used in image classification, among which a representative method is the Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) algorithm. The CRNN algorithm consists of a combination of CNN for image classification and RNNs for recognizing time series elements. However, since the inputs used in the RNN area of CRNN are the flatten values extracted by applying the convolution and pooling technique to the image, pixel values in the same phase in the image appear in different order. And this makes it difficult to properly learn the sequence of arrangements in the image intended by the RNN. Therefore, this study aims to improve image classification performance by proposing a novel hybrid method of CNN and RNN applying the concepts of encoder and decoder. In this study, the effectiveness of the new hybrid method was verified through various experiments. This study has academic implications in that it broadens the applicability of encoder and decoder concepts, and the proposed method has advantages in terms of model learning time and infrastructure construction costs as it does not significantly increase complexity compared to conventional hybrid methods. In addition, this study has practical implications in that it presents the possibility of improving the quality of services provided in various fields that require accurate image classification.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.322-331
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• 2009

This paper proposes an efficient data representation of stereo images using edge-based mesh optimization. Mash-based two dimensional warping for stereo images mainly depends on the performance of a node selection and a disparity estimation of selected nodes. Therefore, the proposed method first of all constructs the feature map which consists of both strong edges and boundary lines of objects for node selection and then generates a grid-based mesh structure using initial nodes. The displacement of each nodal position is iteratively estimated by minimizing the predicted errors between target image and predicted image after two dimensional warping for local area. Generally, iterative two dimensional warping for optimized nodal position required a high time complexity. To overcome this problem, we assume that input stereo images are only horizontal disparity and that optimal nodal position is located on the edge include object boundary lines. Therefore, proposed iterative warping method performs searching process to find optimal nodal position only on edge lines along the horizontal lines. In the experiments, we compare our proposed method with the other mesh-based methods with respect to the quality by using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) according to the number of nodes. Furthermore, computational complexity for an optimal mesh generation is also estimated. Therefore, we have the results that our proposed method provides an efficient stereo image representation not only fast optimal mesh generation but also decreasing of quality deterioration in spite of a small number of nodes through our experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2011

Groundwater in the Waikatoregion is a valuable resource for agriculture, water supply, forestry and industries. The 434,000 ha study area comprises the upper Waikato River catchment from the outflow of Lake Taupo (New Zealand's largest lake) through to Lake Karapiro (a man-made hydro lake with high recreational value) (Figure 1). Water quality in the area is naturally high. However, there are indications that this quality is deteriorating as a result of land use intensification and deforestation. Compounding this concern for decision makers is the lag time between land use changes and the realisation of effects on groundwater and surface water quality. It is expected that the effects of land use changes have not yet fully manifested, and additional intensification may take decadesto fully develop, further compounding the deterioration. Consequently, Environment Waikato (EW) have proposed a programme of work to develop a groundwater model to assist managing water quality and appropriate policy development within the catchment. One of the most important and critical decisions of any modelling exercise is the choice of the modelling platform to be used. It must not inhibit future decision making and scenario exploration and needs to allow as accurate representation of reality as feasible. With this in mind, EW requested that two modelling platforms, MODFLOW/MT3DMS and FEFLOW, be assessed for their ability to deliver the long-term modelling objectives for this project. The two platforms were compared alongside various selection criteria including complexity of model set-up and development, computational burden, ease and accuracy of representing surface water-groundwater interactions, precision in predictive scenarios and ease with which the model input and output files could be interrogated. This latter criteria is essential for the thorough assessment of predictive uncertainty with third-party software, such as PEST. This paper will focus on the attributes of each modelling platform and the comparison of the two approaches against the key criteria in the selection process. Primarily due to the ease of handling and developing input files and interrogating output files, MODFLOW/MT3DMS was selected as the preferred platform. Other advantages and disadvantages of the two modelling platforms were somewhat balanced. A preliminary regional groundwater numerical model of the study area was subsequently constructed. The model simulates steady state groundwater and surface water flows using MODFLOW and transient contaminant transport with MT3DMS, focussing on nitrate nitrogen (as a conservative solute). Geological information for this project was provided by GNS Science. Professional peer review was completed by Dr. Vince Bidwell (of Lincoln Environmental).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.418-424
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a boundary input method for video surveillance systems. Since intrusion of a moving object is decided by comparition of its position and the surveillance boundary, the boundary input method is a basic function in video surveillance. Previous methods are difficult to adapt to the change of surveillance environments such as the size of surveillance area, the number of cameras, and the position of cameras because those build up the surveillance boundary using the captured image in the center of each camera. In our approach, the whole surveillance boundary is once defined in the form of polygon based on the satellite map and transformed into each camera environment. Its characteristics is that the boundary input is independent from the surveillance environment. Given the position of a moving object, the time complexity of its intrusion detection shows O(n), where n is the number of polygon vertices. To verify our method, we implemented a 3D simulation and assured that the input boundary can be reused in each camera without any redefinition.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.222-227
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• 2011

2-axis tracking solar PV system applying a fixed-type unit than in the same area as the panel's power output to more than 140% can be obtained that have been identified. However, this approach compared with fixed or 1-axis control system and control the complexity of trekking equipment power the cursor comes to a relatively small output PV unit is called. In this paper, a small PV power units as a way to improve the economics of the small output of multiple PV units in the central control unit in enclosed places an intermittent manner by a remote control for each unit of the trek at the same time to simplify the control mechanism to reduce power that will be introduced. also the construction of large-scale PV development plans in difficult environments can be utilized in a manner appropriate to introduce.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.1 s.343
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• pp.45-58
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• 2006

In H/W implementation for the finite field, the use of normal basis has several advantages, especially, the optimal normal basis is the most efficient to H/W implementation in $GF(2^m)$. In this paper, we propose a new, simpler, parallel multiplier over $GF(2^m)$ having a Gaussian normal basis of type k, which performs multiplication over $GF(2^m)$ in the extension field $GF(2^{mk})$ containing a type-I optimal normal basis. For k=2,4,6 the time and area complexity of the proposed multiplier is the same as tha of the best known Reyhani-Masoleh and Hasan multiplier

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.180-184
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• 2013

In this paper, a low power antenna switch controller IC is designed using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology. To improve power handling capability and harmonic distortion performance of the antenna switch, the proposed antenna switch controller provides 3-state logic level such as +VDD, GND, and -VDD for the gate and body of switch of FETs according to decoder signal. By employing input-coupled current ring oscillator and hardware efficient level shifter, the proposed controller greatly reduces power consumption and hardware complexity. It consumes 135 ${\mu}A$ at a 2.5 V supply voltage in active mode, and occupies $1.3mm{\times}0.5mm$ in area. In addition, it shows fast start-up time of 10 ${\mu}s$.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.101-116
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• 2017

This Study estimates the actual night traffic using the smart card data used by most of the public transportation users, and compares it with the current night bus routes by KT Telecom based on the night time call volume. In order to compare the current night bus and night trips evaluated by smart card data, we presented indicators related to the degree of matching, and estimated the volume of service currently provided. The unique approach of the study is that we chose subway station instead of bus stop for the unit of the study. Bus stops has their complexity in a way that stops with same name could belong to different administrative area depending on its direction. For this reason, we decided to use subway station and defined its adjacent administrative district as the scope of influence. Since night bus is the primary means of transportation during the late night, it is anticipated that they will be able to provide better service by calculating the actual traffic and selecting the routes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.70-81
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• 1998

This paper proposes an accurate and cost-effective COA defuzzifier of fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The accuracy of the proposed COA defuzzifier is obtained by involving both membership values and spans of membership functions in calculating a crisp value. The cost-effectiveness of the proposed COA defuzzifier is obtained by replacing the division in the COA defuzzifier by finding an equilibrium point of both the left and right moments. The proposed COA defuzzifier has two disadvantages that it ncreases the hardware complexity due to the additional multipliers and it takes a lot of computation time to find the moment equilibrium point. The first disadvantage is overcome by replacing the multipliers with the stochastic AND operations. The second disadvantage is alleviated by using a coarse-to-fine searching algorithm that accelerates the finding of moment equilibrium point. Application of the proposed COA defuzzifier to the truck backer-upper control problem is performed in the VHDL simulation and the control accuracy of the proposed COA defuzzifier is compared with that of the conventional COA defuzzifier in terms of average tracing distance.