• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.69 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2024

A region can be divided into cultivation zones based on homogeneity in weather variables that have the greatest influence on crop growth and yield. This study classified the cultivation zone of soybean using weather indices as a prior study to classify the agroclimatic zone of soybean. Meteorological factors affecting soybeans were determined through correlation analysis over a 10 year period (from 2013 to 2022) using data from the Miryang and Suwon regions collected from the soybean yield trial database of the Rural Development Administration, Korea and the meteorological database of the Korea Meteorological Administration. The correlation between growth characteristics and the minimum temperature, daily temperature range, and precipitation were high during the vegetative growth stages. Moreover, the correlation between yield components and the maximum temperature, daily temperature range, and precipitation were high during the reproductive growth stages. As a result of k-means clustering, soybean cultivation zones were divided into three zones. Zone 1 was the central inland region and southern Gyeonggi-do; Zone 2 was the southern part of the west coast, the southern part of the east coast, and the South Sea; and Zone 3 included parts of eastern Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, and areas with high altitudes. Zone 1, which has a wide latitude range, was further subdivided into three cultivation zones. The results of this study may provide useful information for estimating agrometeorological characteristics and predicting the success of soybean cultivation in South Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 2009

The study was conducted investigation on land of D-dong in N city which is an urban area and D myeon of N city which is a suburban area, based on high resolution satellite image, to find out actual land usage. As for D-dong in N city, different rate between actual usage and official land information was 0.5~4.8% in terms of 5 major land types (paddy field, farm, ground, forest, and others). D myeon in N city posted 1.4~8.4%, which is higher than that of its counterpart. As for unit load, "land" which is large in terms of load presented a big difference between official information and actual usage. On the other hand, the levels of paddy, field, forest and others posted only small changes in load. In case of T-P, in particular, unit of each land type is lower than BOD and T-N, showing almost no changes in pollution loads.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.310-317
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• 2017

Background: Many studies about climate-related range shift of plants have focused on understanding the relationship between climatic factors and plant distributions. However, consideration of adaptation factors, such as dispersal and plant physiological processes, is necessary for a more accurate prediction. This study predicted the future distribution of marlberry (Ardisia japonica), a warm-adapted evergreen broadleaved shrub, under climate change in relation to the dispersal ability that is determined by elapsed time for the first seed production. Results: We introduced climate change data under four representative concentration pathway (RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) scenarios from five different global circulation models (GCMs) to simulate the future distributions (2041~2060) of marlberry. Using these 20 different climate data, ensemble forecasts were produced by averaging the future distributions of marlberry in order to minimize the model uncertainties. Then, a dispersal-limited function was applied to the ensemble forecast in order to exam the impact of dispersal capacity on future marlberry distributions. In the dispersal-limited function, elapsed time for the first seed production and possible dispersal distances define the dispersal capacity. The results showed that the current suitable habitats of marlberry expanded toward central coast and southern inland area from the current southern and mid-eastern coast area in Korea. However, given the dispersal-limited function, this experiment showed lower expansions to the central coast area and southern inland area. Conclusions: This study well explains the importance of dispersal capacity in the prediction of future marlberry distribution and can be used as basic information in understanding the climate change effects on the future distributions of Ardisia japonica.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1431-1445
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• 2010

In order to clarify the impact of regional warming on the meteorological field and air quality over southeastern part of Korean Peninsula, several numerical experiment were carried out. Numerical models used in this study are WRF for the estimate the meteorological elements and CMAQ for assessment of ozone concentration. According to the global warming impact, initial air temperature were changed and its warming rate reach at 2 degree which was based on the global warming scenarios provided by IPCC. The experiments considering the global warming at initial stage were presented as case T_UP. Air temperature over inland area during night time for case T_UP is higher than that for Base case. During time since the higher temperature over inland area is maintained during daytime more intensified sea breeze should be induced and also decrease the air temperature in vicinity of coast area. In case of T_UP, high level concentrations ozone distribution area was narrowed and their disappearance were faster after 1800LST. As a results, wind and temperature fields due to the global warming at initial stage mainly results in the pattern of ozone concentration and its temporal variation at South-Eastern Part of the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.23-36
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the status of fashion related subjects in colleges and to utilize it as a basic material to develop a better curriculum. To do this, 43 2-year colleges or 63 majors in Korea were analyzed. From the analysis of the locations of the colleges with fashion related majors, it was found that 51.2% schools with fashion related majors were located in the Capital area. When looking at the division to which fashion related departments belong, it was found that 35.5% belonged to design related division, and 22.6% belonged to Art and Physical Education Division. When analyzing the subjects of the colleges with Fashion Design Department (Major), the subject which took the biggest ratio was Clothing Construction and Pattern Drafting as 32.8% and the next was Design Area as 31.5%. In case of Fashion Stylist Department (Major), the subject area with the biggest share was Design Field (49.5%). If looking into segmented classification, design related subjects were 20.9%, and styling related subjects were 17.9%. In Fabric and Fashion related department, the subject with the biggest ratio was Dying and Textile Design as 40.4%, and Fabric related subjects were the next as 22.3%. In the Broadcasting Stylist related departments, the subjects of with the biggest ratio was Fashion Design related subjects as 37% and the next was Beauty related ones as 30.2%. According to the study result, it could be concluded that Fashion related departments in the colleges located in the Capital area focused on the subjects to nurture a fashion designer and their curricula are not specialized or differentiated but somewhat similar one another.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1185-1194
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• 2005

The runoff characteristics of non-point source pollutions in the municipal area of Jeonju were investigated and analyzed by using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model). The flow rates and water qualities of runoff from two types of drainage conduits were measured respectively. One was a conventional combined sewer system and the other was a separated sewer system constructed recently From August to November in 2004, investigations on two rainfall events were performed and flow rate, pH, BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P were measured. These data were also used for model calibration. On the basis of the measured data and the simulation results by SWMM, it is reported that $80-90\%$ of pollution load is discharged in the early-stage storm runoff. Therefore, initial 10-30 mm of rainfall should be controlled effectively for the optimal treatment of non-point source pollution in urban area. Also, it was shown that the SWMM model was suitable for the management of non-point source pollution in the urban area and for the analysis of runoff characteristics of pollutant loads.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.493-507
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• 2017

Since the late 20th century, the urbanization in Korea has been rapidly increasing, especially in major cities like Seoul, as a result of industrialization. One of the aspects of urbanization is coating the surfaces with impervious concrete or asphalt that water cannot penetrate. In addition, various urban, such as urban heat islands, which also have a great impact on the urban environment, occur within the cities. Therefore, the urban environment is gradually becoming hot and dry, and the need for more urban parks to compensate for these negative impacts is growing. Thus, several numerical studies have been conducted to assess these problems using coupled Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). In this study, an experiment was conducted to determine the accuracy of the area of the input field using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and applying the more accurate input field to a numerical simulation using ENVI-met, in order to investigate the effect of urban parks on the thermal comfort. The results showed that an input field with a larger area is more accurate than that with a smaller area, because the surrounding terrain and cities are considered in details in the experiment with the larger area. Subsequently, the more accurate input field was used in ENVI-met, and the results of this simulation showed that the presence of the urban park increased the thermal comfort and improved the humidity conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.578-583
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• 2011

We report on the design of a holographic homogenizer composed of a periodic hologram and a condensing lens. If the hologram is periodic, the homogenizer is free from the alignment error of the incident laser beam. Holographic homogenizer also has an advantage of the flexibility in the size of the target beam. We calculated theoretically the Fraunhofer diffracted wave function when a rectangular laser beam is incident on a periodic hologram. The diffracted wave is the sum of sinc functions at regular distance. The width of each sinc function depends on the size of the incident laser beam and the distance between the sinc functions depends on the period of the hologram. We calculated numerically the diffracted light intensity for various ratios of the size of the incident laser beam to the period of the hologram. The results show that it is possible to make the diffracted beam uniform at a certain value of the ratio. The uniformity is high at the central part of the target area and low near the edge. The more sinc functions are included in the target area, the larger portion of the area becomes uniform and the higher is the uniformity at the central part. Therefore, we can make efficient homogenizer if we design a hologram so that the maximum number of the diffracted beams may be included in the target area.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.351-361
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• 2010

Among common estuarine submerged plants, seagrasses are the most extensively studied due to their ecological importance in estuarine ecosystems. Seagrass meadows are important biological habitats for a wide variety of marine animals and plants. They are a source of organic carbon for commercially important animals. Furthermore, seagrasses act as nutrient filters in estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems. As such, mapping the distribution of seagrass beds is important for management and conservation strategies. In order to survey the seagrass distribution within the Seomjin Estuary, We directly observed seagrass beds in Kwangyang and Hadong using SCUBA. The distribution area, species composition, morphology, density, biomass and productivity of seagrass meadows were examined. Seagrass meadows were distributed in the intertidal and subtidal zones of the Galsa tidal flats, and in the subtidal zone of the neighboring POSCO area. Patches of Zostera japonica was found at patches at the Galsa tidal flats intermediate point. The total estimated seagrass distribution area of the Seomjin Estuary was $1.84\;km^2$. Of the total, $1.83\;km^2$ was Zostera marina (eelgrass) and $0.01\;km^2$ was Zostera japonica (dwarf eelgrass). Zostera japonica was found in intertidal zones. Zostera marina was found from the intertidal to subtidal zones at a 2 m mean sea level (MSL) depth. The leaf productivity of Zostera marina was $4.47g\;DW\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$. The annual production of eelgrass was $1,632\;g\;DW\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$, which corresponds to $731g\;C\;m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$. The total production of eelgrass was $3,002\;tons\;DW\;yr^{-1}$, which corresponds to $1,343\;tons\;C\;yr^{-1}$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1171-1176
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• 1999

The precision and reliability of the Computer Image Analysis technique using a desk top computer for extracting information from carcass cross section scans was evaluated by the repeatability (R) and coefficient of variation (CV) for error variance. The 6th and 7th ribs cross section of carcasses from 55 fattened Japanese Black steers were used. The image analysis was conducted using a desk top computer (Macintosh-Apple Vision 1710 Display) connected to a scanner and an image capture camera. Two software applications, Adobe Photoshop and Mac Scope were used interchangeably. The information extracted and measured were individual muscle area, circumference length, long and short axes lengths, muscle direction; distance between any two muscle centers of gravity; cross section total area, lean, fat, and bone. The information was extracted after the processes of scanning, digitization, masking, muscle separation, and binarization. When using the Computer Image Analysis technique by desk top computer, proper digitization and selection of scanning resolution are very important in order to obtain accurate information. The R-values for muscle area, circumference, long and axes lengths, and direction ranged from 0.95 to 0.99, whereas those of the distance between any two muscle centers of gravity ranged from 0.96 to 0.99, respectively. For the cross section total area, lean, fat, and bone it ranged from 0.83 to 0.99. Excellent repeatability measurements were observed for muscle direction and distance between any two muscle centers of gravity. The results indicate that the Computer Image Analysis technique using a desk top computer for extracting information from carcass cross section is reliable and has high precision.