• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 2018

Korea's public construction projects are under construction through bidding, however, due to the nature of the bidding, collusion between participants can occur. The collusion of bids accordingly damages the client. So, it is necessary to calculate the appropriate fictitious competition price to compensate for this. In this regard, econometrics methods are generally used, but there are limitations and issues arising from the nature of construction, especially design-build bid. Therefore, this study proposes a method to estimate reasonable competitive bid-price in design-build bid. It derives the lowest bid-price from the design submitted by the proponent and estimates the competitive bid-price by examining the factors according to the penetration rate according to the technical level of the tester, the skill level of the competitor, and the type of tester. Based on the method proposed in this study, a reasonable price can be derived that reflects the characteristics of the design and construction bidding bidder selection method and also it can be used as a reference material in the actual bidding process as well as calculating the damage due to the answer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 2018

This study aims to apply 3D scanning technology to the field of landscape planning design. Through this, 3D scans were conducted on Soswaewon Garden and Seongrakwon Gardens to find directions for traditional landscape planning and designs. The results as follows. First, the actual measurement of the traditional garden through a 3D scan confirmed that a precise three-dimensional modeling of ${\pm}3-5mm$ error was constructed through the merging of coordinate values based on point data acquired at each observation point and postprocessing. Second, as a result of the 3D survey, the Soswaewon Garden obtained survey data on Jewoldang House, Gwangpunggak Pavilion, the surrounding wall, stone axis, and Aeyangdan wall, while the Seongnakwon Garden obtained survey data on the topography, rocks and waterways around the Yeongbyeokji pond area. The above data have the advantage of being able to monitor the changing appearance of the garden. Third, spatial information developed through 3D scans could be developed with a three-dimensional drawing preparation and inspection tool that included precise real-world data, and this process ensured the economic feasibility of time and manpower in the actual survey and investigation of landscaping space. In addition, modelling with a three-dimensional 1:1 scale is expected to be highly efficient in that reliable spatial data can be maintained and reprocessed to a specific size depending on the size of the design. In addition, from a long-term perspective, the deployment of 3D scan data is easy to predict and simulate changes in traditional landscaping space over time.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2022

The railway platform is an important facility closely related to the safety of passengers, trains, and images of railway facilities, and requires thorough facility management. However, the problem that the finishing material (plastering mortar) for the joint finishing of dissimilar materials (concrete+granite) falls off in the direction of the track at the platform podium is occurring multiple times across the country. Since these problems threaten the safety of train operation and the safety of passengers, immediate and continuous management is required. This study tried to derive improvement plans through the analysis of the drop-off problem of finishing materials occurring at the platform podium. The status of missing finishing materials for the platform podiums of about 200 railway stations and the related design and construction standards of the Korea National Railway were investigated. After that, the cause of the drop-off of the finishing material was analyzed, and as a result, it was found that the main cause was the boundary between the roadbed and the architectural process that occurred during construction. Subsequently, in connection with the derived causes and design, construction standards, (1) improvement of finishing materials or construction methods, (2) design of finishing materials that are easy to adjust height, (3) design of separate finishing methods, (4) improvement methods and durability were suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.619-630
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• 2022

The concrete mix design and compressive strength evaluation are used as basic data for the durability of sustainable structures. However, the recent diversification of mixing factors has created difficulties in calculating the correct mixing factor or setting the reference value concrete mixing design. The purpose of this study is to design a predictive model of bidirectional analysis that calculates the mixing elements of ternary concrete using deep learning, one of the artificial intelligence techniques. For the DNN-based predictive model for calculating the concrete mixing factor, performance evaluation and comparison were performed using a total of 8 models with the number of layers and the number of hidden neurons as variables. The combination calculation result was output. As a result of the model's performance evaluation, an average error rate of about 1.423% for the concrete compressive strength factor was achieved. and an average MAPE error of 8.22% for the prediction of the ternary concrete mixing factor was satisfied. Through comparing the performance evaluation for each structure of the DNN model, the DNN5L-2048 model showed the highest performance for all compounding factors. Using the learned DNN model, the prediction of the ternary concrete formulation table with the required compressive strength of 30 and 50 MPa was carried out. The verification process through the expansion of the data set for learning and a comparison between the actual concrete mix table and the DNN model output concrete mix table is necessary.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

In the current construction planning and designing process, an architectural miniature model was designed to verify the interior or exterior spatial sense of a building structure, but building of the miniature model is demand much more effort and time; in addition to this it has limitation to identify interior information of the building. For a complement of it, CAD would be used in the existing planning and designing process to visualize the building information, but its visualization is not satisfactory for the 3D volume which could be easily verified with the miniature model. CAD is the specific software for designing building structures and the 3D results are usually rendered on 2D monitor screen. Therefore, there is a shortage of cognitive immersion for the 3D space. In this paper, we introduce the conversion process of BIM shape data into the Augmented Reality contents by using a series of softwares. As a result of modification on construction plan or design we reduced the cost and time to reconstruct the final visualization. We have shown that the interior or exterior information of the building structures are easily visualized with BIM shape data on augmented reality environment. Several proposed interaction methods, such as rem oval of building components, and slice-cut operation, provide the user for the effective manipulation of models on the augmented reality environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.65-73
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• 2008

Due to the amendment of the Act for Urban Parks in 2005, local governments have to establish long-range plans for securing and managing urban parks and green areas. This study aims to propose a method of setting priorities for green areas of land to be preserved before the development stage through the introduction of the concept of Green Infrastructure Assessment, and provide basic data to establish the network of urban parks and green areas by applying the GIA method to the city of Daejeon. The concept of GIA and the process of analysis have been drawn as a result of literature research and case studies. The results of this study show that an introduction of the GIA concept to set park and open space planning promotes the connection of the city planning process as well as presents very a reasonable source to facilitate sustainable development. Also, other results present a priority ranking for protection of parks and green areas as well as a means to manage potential focus areas. This study, does have research limitations such as a limited study area, scale, and conflicts between domestic and foreign computing data. Further studies need to set the planning process and examine the index survey to apply this method to various situations and areas.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 2001

Through the harmony of natural and artificial systems a city is composed of, the ecology-oriented urban planning seeks for qualitative improvements of a city on which our life is based. To enhance the ecology-oriented urban planning, the followings are suggested by a comparative analysis of Korea with Germany regarding the development process, the instruments, and the establishment of indicators for the planning. Firstly, though our national land development plan is closely connected with B-plan, it has little to do with the natural environment. Moreover, the natural environment plan of the Ministry of Environment is almost impossible to carry out in terms of urban construction work. For this reason, the instrument for dealing with the development and environment plan systems together as well as the completion of the current plan system is needed for the ecologically acceptable urban development in the long term. Secondly, in order to realize what is mentioned above in the concrete it seems to be desirable for the system and the instrument to be devised at the extent of B-plan. The regulations of the plan should have strong legal binding force and practicality as well. The element of ecology-oriented urban planning are (1) degree of independence and appropriate density, (2) conservation of natural elements such as soil, water, animals and plants etc., (3) energy saving in land use, (4) activation of B-plan and inducement of active participation of residents. Thirdly, it will be useful to develop various kinds of indicators for the environment plan provided in advance so that the ecology-oriented urban developments may be under control. It also should be taken into consideration that the indicators are supposed to be comprehensive, representative, and practical enough to make the most of at the early stage of drawing up a plan. The kinds of indicators which can be used in the ecology-oriented urban development include (1) soil, (2) water, (3) vegetation and plants, (4) animals, (5) climate, and (6) transportation.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Due to the growing interest in eco-friendly and sustainable design in the architectural and urban planning field, we are witnessing numerous projects in which old buildings are being reused. However, with the exception of domestic apartments, there hasn't been a systematic approach or policy regarding the reuse of specific building types. On the other hand, we were able to point out two public building types, dong-offices and primary schools, that are expected to be underused, with future needs for conversion. Because the two building types are public buildings, we believe that their conversion must address the needs of the society. In this study, we have chosen 'social integration' as the ultimate goal of reusing public buildings. Upon the conceptual model of 'Housing-Mixed Public Facility', which was produced in a previous study, we have added other core programs that could be adopted into the model. Then, we applied the improved model onto the two building types by producing conversion plans and introducing key planning techniques. During this process, we have found some regulations that would not allow the realization of some models. Therefore, we have suggested amendments to the related regulations.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.273-283
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• 2014

With the introduction of COBie (Construction Operation Building Exchange) in BIM technology enabling an automatic transfer of design and construction information to operation and management (O&M) phase, the BIM centric O&M management system development process has been tested on the subject of architectural types of building. However, for now, there is a need to investigate the technical feasibility of COBie application to civil structures including industrial facilities. This study takes both "O&M Guideline for Public Wastewater Treatment Plant" and a real wastewater treatment plant into account for the purpose, in which the latter is intended to supplement the result of the first. The findings are three-folds: (1) COBie, as an asset modeling, is not sufficient enough to encompass commissioning data, (2) more relevant IFC development and family library build-up useful to modeling wastewater treatment plant is imperative, and (3) well-planned coordination and organization of COBie data-set in line with O&M practice will enhance the feasibility of the COBie in industrial facilities. The result could be used for a basis study for COBie application, particularly in industrial facilities.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.861-876
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• 2015

Composite sections design consists on checking that the point defined by axial load and bending moment keeps included within the surface enclosed by the section interaction curve. Eurocode 4 suggests a method for tracing this diagram based on the plastic stress distribution method. However curves obtained according to this criterion overvalue concrete encased sections bearing capacity, especially when axial force comes with high bending moment values, so a correction factor is required. This article proposes a method for tracing this diagram based on the strain compatibility method. When stresses on the section are integrated by considering the Navier hypothesis, the use of the materials nonlinear constitutive equations provides curves much more adjusted to reality. This process requires the use of rather complex software which might reveal as too complex for practitioners. Preserving the same criteria of an elastic-plastic stress distribution, this article presents alternative expressions to obtain the failure internal forces in five significant points of the interaction diagram having considered five different positions of the neutral axis. These expressions are simply enough for their practical application. Concordance of curves traced strictly relying on these five points with those obtained by computer assisted stress integration considering the strain compatibility method and even with Eurocode 4 weighted curves will be presented for three different cross-sections and two different concrete strengths, revealing very good results.