• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2024

Cadmium (Cd) is non-essential heavy metal that negatively affects plant metabolism. Nitric oxide (NO) is an increasingly important molecule for plant metabolism that makes signaling. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the alleviating effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) application as NO donor in white poplar (Populus alba) under Cd stress conditions. SNP and without SNP treatments increased the Cd accumulation in root tissue. While photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a+b, and carotenoid) content decreased by only Cd application, SNP+Cd application decreased the rate of photosynthetic pigments reduction. When the results of Cd and Cd+SNP applications were evaluated for mineral (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) uptake, it was found that the positive effect of SNP was heterogeneously affected. Depending on SNP application, it was found that malondialdehyde (MDA) amount decreased in leaf in 100 µM Cd applications while hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) amount decreased in 100 and 500 µM Cd applications. When antioxidant enzyme activities were examined, it was found that catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities increased with 100 µM SNP applications under all Cd applications. As a result, it was found that SNP application under Cd stress generally supports physiological processes positively in white poplar, suggesting that NO molecule plays important alleviating roles in plant metabolism.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2018

글루텐닌 조성이 빵용에 적합한 최근에 육성된 3품종(백강, 중모2008 및 새금강)에 대하여 등숙기의 추가적인 질소 시비량과 시비 시기가 단백질 함량과 반죽 특성 및 단백질 분획의 변화와 빵 부피에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 단백질 함량은 질소 시비량과 시비 시기에 따라 증가하였으며, 침전가는 질소 시비량 증가에 따라 증가하였지만, 추비 시기는 영향이 없었다. 반죽 특성인, 가수량, 반죽 시간과 반죽 안정도는 품종에 따라 반응이 다르게 나타났으며, SE-HPLC를 이용하여 추출성 및 비추출성 총합체와 단량체 단백질 함량은 추비 처리에 따른 단백질 함량 증가에 따라 모든 품종에서 증가하였다. 빵 부피 역시 품종에 따른 반응이 다르게 나타났는데, 새금강은 질소 시비량과 시비 시기에 상관없이 증가하였으며, 백강과 중모2008은 오히려 감소하였다. 그러나, 질소 시비에 따른 단백질 함량의 변화와 빵 부피 변화는 정의 상관을 나타내었고, 침전가 및 반죽 시간과 단백질 분획 변화는 모두 빵 부피와 정의 상관을 나타내었다. 품종 별 등숙기 시비 조건에 대한 반응이 다르게 나타났기 때문에 품종 별 맞춤 시비 체계 구축과 이상기후로 인한 등숙기 환경 변화에 따른 빵용 품종에 대한 체계적인 시비 조건 확립에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.119-142
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• 1998

The purpose of this article is to provide a method of losing weight and early managing risky factors of geriatric diseases by having male and female obese middle school students' participate in behavioral modification and aerobic exercise, foster their own desirable behavioral habit and confidence in solving obesity and continue their living pattern all their life. In order to do this, 64, subjects over 20% obese degree obtained using the standard weight, belonging within 50% range of weight percentage per height(male:32, female:32) were grouped to 4 categories of aerobic exercise therapy, behavioral modification therapy, both therapies combinedly applied and control ones by 8 male and female students allocated to each group respectively, and they were practiced to each program for 12 weeks, and the findings between group were obtained as follows. 1. The male and female middle school students' cholesterol amount of blood fat reduced most in the combinedly performed group of aerobic exercise and behavioral modification therapy. It indicated a statistically significant difference between groups (F(3,56) =9.50, p=.000) and the measurements according to the application period of program as well (F(3,168)=554.94, p=.000). The cholesterol amount per measurement period reduced most between 8 and 12 weeks. 2. The male and female middle school students' high density fat amount increased most in the combinedly performed group of aerobic exercise therapy and behavioral therapy, its descending order of next highest rate was aerobic exercise therapy, behavioral modification therapy and control group. It indicated a statistically significant difference between the distinction of male and female sexes (F(1.56)=13.82. p=.000) and the measurements according to the application period of program (F(3,168) =55.58, p=.000). The high density fatty Quality per measurement period increased most between 8 and 12 weeks. 3. The male and female middle school students' low density fat amount reduced most in the combinedly performed group of aerobic exercise therapy and behavioral modification therapy. It indicated a statistically significant difference between groups (F(3,56)=17.35, p=.000) and the measurements according to the application period of program (F(3,168)=891.14, p=.000. The low density fat amount reduced most between 8 and 12 weeks. 4. The male and female middle school students' neutral fat amount reduced most in the combinedly performed group of aerobic exercise therapy and behavioral modification therapy. It indicated a statistically significant difference between the distinction of sexes (F(1,56)=9.54, p=.003) and groups (F(3,56) =25.57, p=.000) and the measurements according to the application period of program (F(3,168) =566.03, p=.000). The male students indicated the most reduction between 4 and 8 weeks. while the female students between 8 and 12 weeks.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 1969

낙동강하류(洛東江下流) 을숙도소재(乙淑島所在) 불모(不毛)에 가까운 하해혼성충적과부식질(河海混成沖積寡腐植質) 배수불량(排水不良) 조립질(粗粒質) 토양(土壤)을 개량(改良)할 목적(目的)으로 퇴비시용(堆肥施用)과 가리(加里)의 증시(增施) 및 분시(分施)가 대두품종함안(大豆品種咸安)의 발아(發芽) 및 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)할 수 있는 요인시험(要因試驗)을 현지포장(現地圃場)에서 실시(實施)하고 그 수량(收量) 및 생육조사성적(生育調査成績)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 대략(大略) 다음과 같다. 1. 퇴비처리(堆肥處理)와 가리(加里)의 증시(增施) 및 분시(分施)는 대두수량(大豆收量)을 현저(顯著)하게 증대(增大)시켰다. 2. 퇴비처리(堆肥處理)는 발아수증가(發芽數增加)에 현저(顯著)한 효과를 보였고 3. 가리증시(加里增施)와 가리분시(加里分施)는 발아수(發芽數) 증가(增加)와 주당완전립수(株當完全粒數) 증가(增加)에 현저(顯著)한 효과를 보였다. 4. 생육(生育)이 양호(良好)하여 주당(株當)꼬투리수(數)가 증가(增加)하면 주당립수(株當粒數)도 따라서 증가(增加)하는 관계(關係)를 보였으나 주당(株當)꼬투리수(數)의 증가(增加)는 대두수량(大豆收量) 증가(增加)에 직접영향(直接影響)을 주지는 못하였다. 5. 따라서 불모(不毛)에 가까운 을숙도(乙淑島) 사질염해지토양(砂質鹽害地土壤)에서는 퇴비시용(堆肥施用)과 가리(加里)를 증시(增施)하되 분시(分施)함으로서 대두(大豆)의 수량(收量)을 현저(顯著)히 증대(增大)시킬 수 있다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of mowing height, rolling, N-fertilizing, and season on green speed(i.e., ball-roll distance) for developing and implementing a program of increasing green speed in Korean golf courses. Data were subjected to multi-regression analysis using SPSSWIN(Statistical Package for the Social Science), which collected from Yong-Pyong golf course greens selected to investigate. The results was as follows. 1) The multi-regression analysis of mowing height, rolling times, and N-fertilizer application rates on spring green speed was as follows; $Y_1$(spring green speed)=4.287+0.155X$_1$(rolling times)-0.131X$_2$(the amount of N-fertilizing)-0.251X$_3$(mowing height). 2) The multi-regression analysis of mowing height, rolling times, and N-fertilizer application rates on summer green speed was as follows; $Y_2$(summer green speed)=4.833-0.423X$_3$(mowing height)+0.146X$_1$(rolling times)-0.107X$_2$(the amount of N-fertilizing). 3) The multi-regression analysis of mowing height, rolling times, and N-fertilizer application rates on fall green speed was as follows; $Y_3$(fall green speed)=4.651-0.383X$_3$(mowing height)+0.142X$_1$(rolling times)-0.103X$_2$(the amount of N-fertilizing). 4) As mowing height was lowered by 1mm, green speed increased by 0.251~0.423m. As rolling times increased by 1(one), green speed increased by0.142~0.15m. As the amount of N-fertilizing increased by 1g/$m^2$, green speed decreased by 0.103~0.131m. The season also affected green speed. In comparison with spring green speed, summer green speed decreased by 0.145m and fall green speed decreased by 0.144m.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1997

Recently the method of basal compound fertilizer (N : P : K = 18.2 : 9.8 : 35.0) Placement has been changed from banding to broadcasting in tobacco cultivation. The effects of the compound fertilizer placement, level of fertilizer and additional urea application on the agronomic characteristics, two chemical compositions and physical Properties of burley tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. KB 108) were investigated at Chonju Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng and Tobacco Research Institute in 1995-1996. Six treatments consisted of (1) band (method of fertilizer Placement) + In kg/10a(compound fertilizer) + 0(additional urea applied), (2) broadcast+140+0, (3) broadcast+140+25, (4) band+180+0, (5) broadcast+180+0, and (6) broadcast +180+25. The additional urea was applied at hilling. No significant differences were detected between banding and broadcasting method of compound fertilizer Placement in field 9rowth, wield, organoleptic qualify(price Per kilogram), chemical composition and Physical properties of cured leaf, The increased compound fertilizer by 30%(40k/10a) or the additional urea application by 25kg per 10a produced slightly higher yield than the recommended amount of basal compound fertilizer without additional urea application did. It also increased the total alkaloid content of cured leaf. It is recommended that no more basal fertilizer above the recommended amount and no additional urea application are needed in burley tobacco fertilization, even though the method of basal fertilizer placement being chanced from banding to broadcasting. Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, fertilizer placement, additional urea.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제61권
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• pp.191-211
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• 2014

This paper intends to study some problems in the application of UCP 600 in the international trade transactions with China. Generally speaking, China complies with UCP 600 well. Nevertheless, there are some problems in the application of UCP 600 in China owing to the difference in law and practices. There are some problems in the application of UCP 600 in China owing to the difference of practices under Bills of Exchange Act and The Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Some Issues Concerning the Trial of Cases of Disputes over Letter of Credit. The Act insists on the formal requirements, the consistency between a letter amount and a figure amount, the unconditional payment character of bills of exchange. The Provisions include the recognition of revocable credits, the difference of standard in examining documents, the difference in the treatment of issuing banks in relation to discrepant documents. These aforesaid matters of the Act and the Provisions are inconsistent with the practices under the UCP 600. There are two main problems in the operation of letters of credit in China. One is the lack of concerned parties' practice knowledge in relation to letters of credit in China. The other is the inactive stance of nominated banks in China. There are two main problems in relation to judiciary institutions in China. First, judges in China tend to abuse the injunctions owing to the lack of understanding in relation to letters of credit. Secondly, there are inconsistency in the court ruling in China.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2019

Different methodologies in hair cortisol extraction may alter the final output. Thus finding the standard methodology according to a laboratory facilities is pivotal. This study was carried out to validate the feasibility of two methods of grinding hair for cortisol extraction in Korean native (Hanwoo) cattle. Hair from nine cattle including mature cows, heifers, and calves were assigned to one of the following methods for grinding hair; 1) using bead beater (BB) and 2) using surgical scissors (SS). Hair samples (> 1 g) were harvested from forehead of each individual twice (first and second measurement) to validate the results. To improve the accuracy of the obtained data, each sample was duplicated into two wells during enzyme immunoassay (EIA) analysis. Overall comparison of hair cortisol concentration (HCC) showed that the data within the range (out of the range) of standards provided by the EIA kit were 88.9% (11.1%) and 66.7% (33.3%) for BB compared with SS, respectively. In the first measurement, application of BB was tended to show higher (p = 0.056) amount of HCC compared with SS. In the second measurement application of BB showed higher (p = 0.0028) amount of HCC compared with SS. Among the cattle, calves showed higher HCC using BB compared with SS (p < 0.05). Application of BB in hair grinding methodology for Hanwoo cattle may improve cortisol extraction in comparison to application of SS method, with more consistency. Thus, it would be the preferable method to use.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2017

Purpose: Precision agriculture includes determining the right amount of nitrogen for a specific location in the field. This work focused on developing and validating a model using variable rate nitrogen application based on the estimated SPAD value from the ground-based image sensor. Methods: A variable rate N application based on the decision making system was performed using a sensor-based variable rate nitrogen application system. To validate the nitrogen application decision making system based on the SPAD values, the developed N recommendation was compared with another conventional N recommendation. Results: Sensor-based variable rate nitrogen application was performed. The nitrogen deficiency level was measured using the image sensor system. Then, a variable rate application was run using the decision model and real-ti me control. Conclusions: These results would be useful for nitrogen management of corn in the field. The developed nitrogen application decision making system worked well, when considering the SPAD value estimation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2015

The dry weight of mother plants' leaves had the highest increase rate in both NS (single-use) and NS+EM (mixed-use) mixed with NS 0.8 (customary use). In seafood amino acid fertilizer (SAF) application, the increase rate was highest in SAF solution at a 300-fold dilution. Mother plants' crown diameter, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length and leaf number showed the greatest growth amount when NS 0.8 (customary use) was mixed to NS (single-use) or NS+EM (mixed-use) solution. The growth was highest in SAF solution diluted 300 folds, but lowest in SAF solution diluted 100 folds. Of all inorganic nutrients, excluding sulfur, total amount of nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium had the highest increase rate in both NS (single-use) and NS+EM (mixed-use) with the treatment of NS 0.8 (customary use). Total nitrogen, in particular, was increased by 3.1% in NS 0.4, 6.0% in NS 0.8, and 4.5% in NS 0.8 with the application of NS+EM at a 500-fold dilution compared to NS alone. Total nitrogen amount showed the highest increase rate in SAF solution diluted 300 folds. Total nitrogen, available phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and EC in soils applied with culture solutions (NS, NS+EM) had increasing tendencies after fertilizer application. The results were comparable to those of SAF treatment. The increase rate of each inorganic nutrient composition declined in soils applied with NS+EM solution diluted 500 folds compared to NS alone.