• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.65-70
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• 1993

The effect of particle size of Al powder, water repellent agent and finishing agent on frost resistance, absorption ratio and structure of micropore was examined to improve the physical properties and durability of ALC. According as the amount added of water repellent agent was increased, frost resistance was improved and absorption ratio was decreased. From one side freezing /thaw test, finishing agent which has a low vapor permeation located the crack at close indoor point of ALC specimen. ALC produced from fine Al powder has a low volume reduction by scalling and a sound appearance after freezing/thawing test and top surface freezing test, The crystal of tobermorite in ALC matrix was converted to calcium carbonate by carbonation which was accelerated with the decreasing of water content. Since the micropore of ALC was filled up by calcium carbonate, void ratio was reduced and crack was detected after complete carbonation.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2011

In this research, the genotoxic effect of Picrorrhiza Rhizoma (PR) aqueous extract was evaluated using the mouse micronucleus test. PR extract was administered once a day for 2 continuous days by oral gavage to male ICR mice at doses of 2000, 1000 and 500 mg/kg. Cyclophosphamide was used as a known genotoxic agent in a positive control. The appearance of a micronucleus (MN) in polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) is used as an index for genotoxic potential, and PCE ratio is used as an index of cytotoxicity. Although significant (p < 0.01) increase of the number of PCE with one or more nuclei (MNPCE) was detected in cyclophosphamide treated groups, no significant increases of MNPCE numbers were observed in all three different dosages of PR extracts treated mice with over 0.39 of the individual polychromatic erythrocyte ratio in all mice used in this study. The results obtained indicated that PR extract shows no genotoxicity effects up to 2000 mg/kg dosing levels.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.574-585
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• 2002

The microstructural characteristics and its related mechanical properties of RPV cladding have been investigated using small punch (SP) tests. SA508 Cl.3 RPV steel plates were overlay cladded with the type ER309L welding consumables by submerged arc welding process. Although the RPV clad material had a small portion of 5 ferrite phase, it still showed the ductile to brittle transition behavior The transition temperature was determined by the SP test and it depended on the content of $\sigma$ phase, specimen size, and determination methods. The fracture appearance of SP specimen was changed from circumferential to radial cracking as test temperature became low, and below the transition temperature region, ER309L cladding usually fractured along the 6 ferrite by the low temperature failure of ferrite phase.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2012

The interest of austenitic heat resistant stainless steels containing high Si has increased because they have higher resistance of oxidation and higher strength at high temperature than STS 310. This study carried out Varestraint test for evaluation of solidification cracking sensitivity of 14 different stainless steels. As a result of Varestraint test, all specimens solidified as primary ferrite, and solidification crack sensitivity increased with adding $N_2$ to shielding gas. Nb and W had beneficial effect on solidification crack resistance in case of less than FN 2 containing, but crack sensitivity increased with Nb and W in case of more than FN 2. Ce had beneficial effect on solidification crack resistance but impaired weld bead appearance.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 2002

In previous study, the decrease and recovery of total stiffness in welded structure was discussed on the basis of experimental examination through tensile loading and unloading test of welded specimen. The recovery of structure stiffness was caused by the release of welding residual stress through mechanical loading. In this study, analysis model that is indispensable for the effective application of MSR method was established on the basis of test and measurement result. Thermal elasto-plastic analysis for welding process was performed by non- coupled analysis. Analysis results of welding process were transfer to elasto-plastic model for tensile loading & unloading by restart technique. In elasto-plastic analysis model for mechanical loading & unloading, hardening appearance of weld metal was considered by rezoning technique and tying technique was used for JIG condition of test machine.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.4 s.42
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• pp.85-102
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to classify of life style of secondary school girl students, to investigate the relationships between life styles, attitude toward appearance and clothing attitude. The method of this study was survey research by using questionnaires. Subjects were 658(middle school students 327, high school students 331) girl students located in Jeollabukdo province. In this statistical analysis, SPSS 11.5 for Windows program was utilized to calculate frequency, mean, cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, t-test, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression analysis. The results of this research were as follows: The results of analysing the factors to the response lifestyles, attitude toward appearance and clothing attitude emerged five dimensions(digital orientation, material orientation, positive activity, achievement orientation, frugality), three dimensions(needs conformity value toward appearance), five dimensions(fashion pursuit, gender attractiveness, self-expression, aesthetic, and modesty). High school girls' students showed higher digital orientation and positive activity life styles, attitude toward appearance, clothing attitude except of modesty. Clothing attitude variables except of modesty had positive correlations with lifestyles and attitude toward appearance. However, modesty of clothing had negative correlations with life styles and attitude toward appearance. As a conclusion, secondary school girl students' life styles and attitude toward appearance constituted important characteristics which could affect clothing attitude directly.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.127-144
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• 2016

The purpose of the study was to investigate the self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, and clothing benefit pursuit the gap between subjective age and real age according to gender and age of middle-aged consumers. For the study, the questionnaire was developed by the authors and distributed to male and female consumers in their forties or fifties on september 1~10, 2014. A total of 470 questionnaires was collected and used for the final analysis. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA and Tukey's test, using the SPSS 18.0 Package Program. The findings were summarized as follows. There were significant differences in the subjective age of middle-aged consumers according to gender and age. Female consumers in their fifties perceived their subjective age to be younger than male consumers in forties and fifties. There were no significant differences in self-esteem among the groups according to gender and age. Significant differences were found in appearance satisfaction of male consumers in their fifties having higher appearance satisfaction than female consumers in their forties. There were significant differences in some factors of clothing pursuit benefits including pursuit of fashion, pursuit of youth, pursuit of rationale, pursuit of leisure, and pursuit of loyalty, among the groups according to gender and age with female consumers placing more importance on clothing-related benefits than their male counterparts. Local fashion businesses to consumers who target middle-aged consumers, this study can provide a basic data.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.122-131
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate what factors are affecting job-seeking stress in nursing students. Methods: Subjects were 463 students from two 3-year and two 4-year colleges of nursing in K-Province in Korea. Data was collected from self-administered questionnaires. t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression with dummy variables were used for statistical analysis of data. Results: Job-seeking stress was significantly different by school system (t=2.76, p=.006), family economic status (F=3.40, p=.005), characteristics (t=1.99, p=.047), academic achievement (F=6.54, p=.002), current weight control status (t=2.23, p=.026), times of cosmetic surgery (r=.11, p=.022), self-esteem (r=-.47, p<.001) and appearance stress (r=.40, p<.001). However, after controlling for general characteristics, self-esteem, and perceived appearance stress, job-seeking stress was significantly different by grade (1st vs 3rd, ${\beta}=0.163$, p<.001), academic achievement (low vs. high, ${\beta}=-0.121$, p=.0321), self-esteem (${\beta}=-0.224$, p<.001), and appearance stress (${\beta}=0.099$, p<.001). The explanation power of self-esteem on job-seeking stress was greater compared with that of appearance stress. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that it is necessary for nursing students to develop intervention program aimed at reducing job-seeking stress, and it would be effective to focus on improving self-esteem for them.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 1971

The author prepared a tuberculin sample using synthetic medium for the test material in this experiment. For the test animals, guinea pigs, healthy calf sensitized with heat killed tubercle bacilli, naturally infected dairy cattle, goat, and calf were used. A reduced reactivity to tuberculin was observed when the second tuberculin test was done within 28 days after the first. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The experimental HCSM tuberculin was shown the similar activities as the control products of standard tuberculin. 2. The potency of the experimental tuberculin preserved at $5^{\circ}C$ in refrigerator maintained the activity for three years. 3. By the intradermal test, the experimental tuberculin was proved to be specific to detect tuberculous dairy cattles and goats. 4. The appearance of skin reaction to tuberculin in naturally infected dairy cattles, goat and beef cattles was soft and diffuse swellings or circumscribed swellings accompanied by induration. 5. In the case of observing tuberculous dairy cattles, goats and beef cattles, as the criterion of the reaction to the caudal fold test, results were taken as positive when findings are either hard and circumscribed or soft and diffuse swellings of 3 mm at least in size. 6. The acid fast organisms isolated from tuberculin positive animals were identified mostly as M. tuberculosis var. bovis. 7. When the tuberculin test was repeated in the tuberculin positive animals, the reactivity decreased rapidly, lasting 4 weeks at least.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2017

Impregnating with quality silicone water repellent on the concrete surface is an effective method of protecting concrete. Quality silicone water repellent has been widely used in the engineering profession because of its desirable properties such as hydrophobicity, keeping concrete breathable and preserving the original appearance of the concrete. The companies in China that produce silicone water repellent are listed. Test methods in the specifications or standards about silicone water repellent in China are summed. The test methods relative to durability of concrete impregnated with silicone water repellent (such as resistant to chloride ion penetration, resistant to alkali, resistance to freezing and thawing and weatherability etc.) and the constructive quality (such as water absorption rate, impregnating depth and the dry velocity coefficient etc.) are compared and analyzed. The results indicate that there are differences among test methods relative to different specifications with the same index and therefore, confusion has ensued when selecting test methods. All test methods with the exception of the method of water absorption rate by using a Karsten flask are not non-destructive methods or conducted in a laboratory. Finally, further research on silicone water repellent during application is proposed.