• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2009

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate business performance in small apparel retailer's stores operated independently. Data were collected from 167 managers independently operating small apparel stores in Busan and Ulsan. The aforementioned were analyzed utilizing frequency, factor analysis, ANOVA, regression analysis using SPSS Win 12.0. The results showed as follows; Factors influencing on perception of managers on business performance were market information, cost/quality control, opposing power to business depression, store management, product management, sales promotion. There were significant differences between factors influencing on perception of managers on business performance and business performance(the extent of success, profit and growth). It was market information and store management that the most important for the extent of success. It was opposing power to business depression, store management and product management that the most important for the extent of profit. It was market information, store management and product management that the most important for the extent of growth.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in purchase behaviors for school uniforms among adolescent consumer groups which were segmented by the type of retailer they patronized. An online survey was carried out and 907 data sets were analyzed using SPSS. The results support that classifying adolescent consumers according to what type of retailers they patronize lead to a proper understanding of the segmentation of the school uniform market. The adolescent consumers consisted of five groups categorized by the retailer types. These types included special stores, department stores, discount stores, small custom-made stores and stores designated by schools. The results also indicated that consumer groups segmented by retailer patronage differ significantly in their use of multimedia information sources. Five consumer groups showed significant differences in two purchase evaluative criteria: utilities and promotions.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.272-285
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to examine the role of consumer perceptions of websites' entertainment and informativeness in developing their attitudes (attitude toward the retailer and attitude confidence toward the product) in the context of apparel e-tailing. A structural equation model was developed for an empirical test based on the literature on uses-and-gratifications and attitude confidence. A sample of 119 consumers who live in the United States participated in the online survey. The results generally supported the proposed model. Specifically, the analyses revealed that consumers' purchase intention toward the displayed product is positively influenced by their attitudes toward the retailer and by their confidence in their attitudes toward the product. Interestingly, only one of the two cognitive antecedents, perceived entertainment, has a positive impact on consumers' attitude toward the retailer. Perceived informativeness, however, had a positive impact on attitude confidence. These findings suggest that consumers who have high perception of an e-tail website's entertainment are more likely to exhibit favorable attitudes toward the e-tailer, while consumers who have high perception of an e-tail website's informativeness are more likely to hold strong confidence in their attitudes toward the product displayed on the website. Both consumer attitudes toward the e-tailer and their attitude confidence lead to their purchase intentions.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.961-966
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• 2013

Being one of the most important textile and apparel producers for years, Turkey began to become active in terms of retailing. Although retailing industry is in its growing phase, the social and economic influences caused the customers' tastes and demands to be more distinctive and segmented in parallel with the advancement of the retail industry. Therefore, the retail industry began to develop in more fragmented way where clear boundaries between different types of retailers were established. In this study, the apparel retail market is overviewed and analyzed within the context for determination of the current situation and future prospective. To this aim, the textile and apparel companies that are active in Turkey were classified into groups based on the type of distribution channels they used. Then, the performances of the groups were established using the secondary type of resources. Finally, the findings were summarized, by showing the similarities and differences between different channels.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.31-46
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to explore the ways of improving Korean apparel firms' competitiveness by examining the Korea's number one trading partner U.S. apparel industry. Especially, the Los Angeles area apparel industry which is the second largest and the primary market center on the west coast was analysed. The following strategies are suggested to Korean apparel firms to function more effectively in incleasingly competitive U.S. markets: l)Basics can be produced in lower wage countries meanwhile quick turnaround and high quality works can be produced either in Korea or U.S. 2)Manufacturers might try to have direct relationship with powerful retailers who have their own private labels of store-brand lines. 3)Apparel companies can open market showrooms in the California Market Center. For small firms they can contact with independent representatives who receive commissions for showing lines for manufacturers or rent space for showing the lines during market weeks. 4)Apparel firms can contact buying offices to introduce their products to retail buyers. 5)Korean firms can contact Korean-American apparel firms to gain easy access to U.S.Market.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.687-696
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• 2016

As consumers' interest in social responsibility (SR) has greatly increased in the last two decades, a growing body of academic research has examined the influence of consumers' environmental consciousness on their attitudes and purchase intentions toward environment-friendly apparel products. Use of environment-friendly shopping bags (EFSB; recycled and reusable bags) is an example of how apparel retailers engage in SR. However, little research has examined consumers' perceptions and their responses to the use of EFSB. To fill this research gap, this study examined the impact of young consumers' perceptions of EFSB and environmental consciousness on their attitudes and purchase intentions toward apparel retailers using EFSB. An online survey was conducted for data collection. A convenience sample of 212 college students was obtained from a large mid-Southern university in the U.S. A simple linear regression analysis was conducted to test all hypotheses. Results showed that young consumers' perceptions of EFSB positively influenced their environmental consciousness and their attitudes toward apparel retailers that use EFSB, which led to purchase intentions toward the retailers. Findings confirmed that young consumers placed a great degree of importance on EFSB and, therefore, would purchase apparel from retailers that use recycled or reusable shopping bags. These findings imply that providing EFSB is important in enhancing positive attitudes and purchase intentions toward apparel retailers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.39-49
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyzed that the perceived price and VMD fitness of the SPA(speciality store retailer of Private label Apparel) brand characteristics impacts on multidimensional commitment consist of affective commitment, calculative commitment and behavioral commitment. Using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 by structural equation modeling analysis, we found that perceived price have effects on affective commitment, behavioral commitment and calculative commitment significantly, and VMD fitness have effects affective commitment significant only. Affective commitment and calculative commitment on behavioral commitment was affected significantly. Through this study we found that perceived price and VMD fitness SPA brand maintaining relationships between the consumer and the seller are an important factors.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.169-183
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• 2012

This study was aimed at finding out the preferences and satisfaction levels regarding the type of fashion retailer's sales promotion based on consumers' empirical characteristics. A total of 223 questionnaires were used for the survey of this study. The methods of this study were descriptive analysis, factor analysis, reliability tests, one-way ANOVA, $t$-tests and ${\chi}^2$-test. The consumer groups were divided by habitual experience and self-evaluated knowledge relate to apparel product. The results of this study showed that consumers have different preferences and post-utilization satisfaction regarding the type of sales promotion offered by fashion retailers. Consumers with more experiences in apparel product and with higher self-evaluated knowledge were more active in utilizing the benefits offered through the value-added type of sales promotions, such as the gift certificate or coupon. Consumers with more experience in apparel product also showed higher satisfaction with both the utilitarian and hedonic types of sales promotions, such as gift certificate offer, special price, price discount event, and coupon or courtesy card offer. Furthermore, consumers with higher self-evaluated knowledge showed higher satisfaction with the utilitarian types of sales promotion, such as gift certificate offer and regular sale. Therefore, by identifying the accurate understanding of consumers'empirical characteristics, an enterprise might be able to satisfy consumer by offering more appropriate and subdivided types of sales promotion.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.1 s.66
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to identify the SPA(Specialty store retailer of Private label Apparel) characteristics and product supply process of Korean casual apparel brands. The research was conducted by questionnaire surveys to 63 casual apparel brands. SPA characteristics of each brand were measured with four SPA characteristic indices: short product supply cycle, spacious retail floor, single brand retail store, and low product price compared to the quality of the product. The 63 apparel brands were grouped by SPA index score. The brands belonged to group H had high index score and brands in group L had low index score. The results of this study showed that the most of the casual apparel brands' products were sold at department stores, especially the brands belonged to group L greatly depended on department stores. Few apparel brands have spacious retail floor. The retail product price of the brands belonged to group H was low price while the product price of the brands belonged to group L was in the medium-high price. The supply time of the new products was short in general. The most brands supplied new styles to the retail floor within 1 to 3 weeks. The information technology was heavily used. The brands belonged to group H highly used information technology including bar codes system, pas data analysis, and inventory control system. The current style trends were analyzed with street fashion and feedback from the shop managers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1307-1314
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• 1997

This study investigated the factors that influence consumers' distrust and consumers purchase intention for discounting, specifically discounting of clothes. Through literature, discounting rate, retailer type and brand reputation were identified as influencing factors and were tested. A 2$\times$2$\times$3 factorial design was used to test the effect of each factor on consumers' distrust and consumers' purchase intention for jean products. Retailer type was manipulated as high and low, brand reputation as well-known and less-known, and discount rates 10, 30 and 60%. An convenience sample of 165 female undergraduate students participated in the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS/PC+ The results showed that consumers did distrust discounting claims and consumers' distrust of the claims was greater for less-known brand. In addition, no significant effect of retailor type was found. Further effort is needed to generalize the result to different product categories.