• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.2 s.67
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• pp.109-118
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• 2007

The excavation damaged zone (EDZ) is an area around an excavation where in situ rock mass properties, stress condition. displacement. groundwater flow conditions have been altered due to the excavation. Various studies have been carried out on EDZ, but most studies have been focused on the mechanical bahavior of EDZ by in situ experiment. Even though the EDZ could potentially form a high permeable pathway of groundwater flow, only a few studies were performed on the analysis of groundwater flow in EDZ. In this study, the' hydraulic EDZ' was defined as the rock Lone adjacent to the excavation where the hydraulic aperture has been changed due to the excavation. And hydraulic EDZ (hydraulic aperture changed zone) estimated by two-dimensional DEM program was considered in three-dimensional DFN model. From this approach the groundwater flow characteristics corresponding to hydraulic aperture change were examined. Together. a parametric study was performed to examine the boundary conditions that frequently used in DFN analysis such as constant head or constant flux condition. According to the numerical analysis, hydraulic aperture change induced by the hydraulic-mechanical interaction becomes one of the most important factors Influencing the hydraulic behavior of jointed rock masses. And also from this study, we suggest the proper boundary condition in three-dimensional DFN model.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.357-365
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• 2009

A general analysis of a microstrip-to-vertically mounted slotline(VMS) coupler is presented with a view to developing an equivalent circuit, and the efficient evaluation of the related circuit element values. Based on this theory, the effects of frequency and structure parameters such as aperture length and VMS width on the characteristics of the coupler are studied. In order to check the validity of the proposed analysis and design theory, a C-band linearly tapered slot antenna fed by an aperture-coupled back-to-back microstripline-to- VMS coupling structure is optimally designed using a hybrid genetic algorithm. Moreover, the computed characteristics from the network analysis is compared to the measurement and simulation results. The obtained results fully validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed network model.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.171-182
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• 2022

A single-photon laser and mid-wave infrared (MWIR) common aperture optical system was designed and developed to detect and range a long-distance civil aviation aircraft. The secondary mirror of the Ritchey-Chretien (R-C) optical system was chosen as a dichroic lens to realize the design of a common aperture system for the laser and MWIR. Point spread function (PSF) ellipticity was introduced to evaluate the coupling efficiency of the laser receiving system. A small aperture stop and narrow filter were set in the secondary image plane and an afocal light path of the laser system, respectively, and the stray light suppression ability of the small aperture stop was verified by modeling and simulation. With high-precision manufacturing technology by single point diamond turning (SPDT) and a high-efficiency dichroic coating, the laser/MWIR common aperture optical system with a 𝜑300 mm aluminum alloy mirror obtained images of buildings at a distance of 5 km with great quality. A civil aviation aircraft detection experiment was conducted. The results show that the common aperture system could detect and track long-distance civil aviation aircraft effectively, and the coverage was more than 450 km (signal-to-noise ratio = 6.3). It satisfied the application requirements for earlier warning and ranging of long-range targets in the area of aviation, aerospace and ground detection systems.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.636-644
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• 1999

Experimental and simulation results are presented on the Aperture-Coupled microstrip patch antennal with U-shaped slot. Experiment and simulation results include impedance bandwidth, copolar and crosspolar-pattern characteristics and gain measurements. Simulation results show the advantages of U-slotted patch antenna comparing with the normal patch antenna. More than 35% impedance bandwidth is obtained with reasonably restricted cross-polar radiation pattern. The U-slotted radiation element fed by aperture-coupling method can be more easily extended to array structure, compared with that fed by coaxial cable.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2011

A general analysis of an aperture-coupled vertically mounted strip antenna is presented to examine its circuit characteristics. Based on the present analysis, an equivalent circuit model is developed, and an analytic or semi-analytic evaluation of the related circuit element values is described. The effects of structure parameters on the antenna characteristics were studied with the developed equivalent circuit, and the design curves were obtained. To check the validity of the proposed analysis and design theory, two C-band antennas (5.0 GHz and 4.5 GHz) were designed and fabricated. Their computed characteristics, derived from the proposed network analysis, were compared with the measurement and simulation results. The error of the current model in predicting the operating center frequency was less than 0.50 %. In addition, the observed bandwidth was found to be comparable to the conventional microstrip antennas. All the results fully validated the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed analysis and network model.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1052-1059
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• 2003

In this paper, we proposed the directional coupler using two layer microstrip substrate which is improved coupling and isolation. Also, we notified a design method. Modified re-entrant mode coupler is the structure added to the aperture on the ground plane in order to improving the coupling value. And, by adding to slits on the floating conductor, this structure has good performance in isolation, VSWR according to S$\sub$11/, and phase difference. As a result, proposed re-entrant mode microstrip directional coupler has about 1.5 dB more higher coupling and 20 dB more higher isolation than conventional coupler. And because this coupler has good performance in phase difference, it can be used multi-section coupler.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2012

An impedance bandwidth enhancement method of an aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna (ACMPA) using a shunt stub is investigated. The conventional ACMPA with a H-shaped coupling aperture is designed and the electrical parameters for the equivalent circuit of the designed conventional ACMPA are extracted. A method for the enhancement of the impedance bandwidth of the ACMPA using a tuning stub connected in shunt with the feed line is presented. The -10 dB return loss impedance bandwidth of the ACMPA with a shunt stub is increased up to about 14 %. The maximum impedance bandwidth of the corresponding ACMPA without a shunt stub is 5.4 %. The increase of the impedance bandwidth of the ACMPA with a shunt stub compared to that of the corresponding ACMPA without a shunt stub is about 160 %.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.6-11
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• 2001

In this paper, the aperture-coupled U-slot microstrip patch antenna is studied for the bandwidth improvement. The aperture is used as a mechanism for coupling the radiating element to the microstrip feedline, and the aperture-coupled configuration provides the advantage of isolating spurious feed radiation by the use of common ground plane. Experimental results such as return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern and gain measurements are presented on the aperture-coupled U-slot microstrip patch antenna. The impedance bandwidth (VSWR≤2) of the antenna is 6.4% centered at 2.35GHz, and the average gain is 5.3 dBi.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.164-171
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• 1983

In this paper, angular division multiplexing of the optical multiplexing technique for transmitting several channels using a relatively short step-index fiber is described. Mode coupling and the output power distributionin the fiber for the plane wave excitations is calculated and the crosstalk level determination of the system is proposed. In the presence of the mode coupling, the pulse width in terms of the fiber's length and input condition is calculated in the slab waveguide and the fiber. For the input angles (

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.31A no.8
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• pp.7-15
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• 1994

In this paper, the directional coupler for Ku-band, which is designed is of the crossguide type with a coupling value of about 3-dB. The apertures chosen for this design are crosses. We used polynomial approximations of rounded end slot to obtain the electric and magnetic polarizability of crossed-slot and compared the results with Cohn's experimental results. The optimized dimensions and positions of the cross aperture are obtained by a trial-and-error reiteration of the program. This paper presents the measurement results for the designed coupler. The very flat coupling shows a total variation of only 29.80$\pm$0.04dB for the design frequency ranges of 12.25GHz-12.75GHz. The measured minimum directivity is 25dB. The aperture attenuation for the finite diaphragm thickness is about 2dB pr 0.5mm, which is in agreement with the theoretical value. The transmission loss and input return loss at center frequency are 0.0564dB and 48.16dB respectively. We obtained the measured minimum directivity of the coupler. Whose apertures are both circles is better than that containing holes in the performance of directivity.