• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.234-241
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• 2017

Potato peels (PP) contain several bioactive compounds. These compounds are known to provide human health benefits, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In addition, these compounds could have effects on human enteric viruses that have not yet been reported. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phenolic composition, antioxidant properties in the acidified ethanol extract (AEE) and water extract of PP, and the antiviral effects on the inhibition of Av-05 and MS2 bacteriophages, which were used as human enteric viral surrogates. The AEE showed the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Chlorogenic and caffeic acids were the major phenolic acids. In vitro analysis indicated that PP had a strong antioxidant activity. A 3 h incubation with AEE at a concentration of 5 mg/ml was needed to reduce the PFU/ml (plaque-forming unit per unit volume) of Av-05 and MS2 by 2.8 and $3.9log_{10}$, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. Our data suggest that PP has potential to be a source of natural antioxidants against enteric viruses.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.329-331
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• 2017

Bacillus velezensis YC7010 is an endophytic bacterium isolated from the rice rhizosphere in Jinju, Republic of Korea, with properties conductive to growth promotion, antibiosis and induced systemic resistance to significant, soil-borne rice fungal and bacterial pathogens. The genome of B. velezensis YC7010 comprises a 3,975,683 bp circular chromosome which consists of 3,790 protein-coding genes (86tRNA and 27rRNA genes). Based on genomic analysis, we identified genes involved in colonization and establishment inside the plant, biosynthesis of antibiotic compounds such as surfactin, plipapastatin, bacillibactin, and bacillaene, as well as the production of the phytohormones and volatile compounds which serve to promote the plants growth and development.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1052-1060
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• 2018

Triclosan (TCS) is a phenolic antimicrobial chemical used in consumer products and medical devices. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo animal studies has linked TCS to numerous health problems, including allergic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disease. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system, we here show that short-term TCS treatment ($LC_{50}$: ~0.2 mM) significantly induced mortality in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, TCS-induced mortality was dramatically suppressed by co-treatment with non-ionic surfactants (NISs: e.g., Tween 20, Tween 80, NP-40, and Triton X-100), but not with anionic surfactants (e.g., sodium dodecyl sulfate). To identify the range of compounds susceptible to NIS inhibition, other structurally related chemical compounds were also examined. Of the compounds tested, only the toxicity of phenolic compounds (bisphenol A and benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) was significantly abrogated by NISs. Mechanistic analyses using TCS revealed that NISs appear to interfere with TCS-mediated mortality by micellar solubilization. Once internalized, the TCS-micelle complex is inefficiently exported in worms lacking PMP-3 (encoding an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter) transmembrane protein, resulting in overt toxicity. Since many EDCs and surfactants are extensively used in commercial products, findings from this study provide valuable insights to devise safer pharmaceutical and nutritional preparations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2016

Numerous plants have been documented to contain phenolic compounds. Thymol is one among these phenolic compounds that possess a repertoire of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimicrobial effects. Despite of the plethora of affects elicited by thymol, its activity profile on gastric cancer cells is not explored. In this study, we discovered that thymol exerts anticancer effects by suppressing cell growth, inducing apoptosis, producing intracellular reactive oxygen species, depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential, and activating the proapoptotic mitochondrial proteins Bax, cysteine aspartases (caspases), and poly ADP ribose polymerase in human gastric AGS cells. The outcomes of this study displayed that thymol, via an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, was responsible for inducing apoptosis in gastric AGS cells. Hence, thymol might serve as a tentative agent in the future to treat cancer.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 1978

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Panax ginseng on the metabolism of nonprotein nitrogen compounds in rabbit blood. After rabbits were administered with ginseng powder orally for 30 days or with ginseng extract intraperitoneally for 10 days, the blood was collected from portal and ear vein to measure ammonia, urea, creatinine and nonprotein nitrogen. The blood ammonia level in ear vein of control rabbits was $87.0{\pm}5.1{\mu}g/100ml$ and was not significantly different from that of rabbits which were administered with ginseng powder orally or with ginseng extract intraperitoneally. But oral administration of ginseng powder produced a great decrease in ammonia level of portal vein from 1,392 to $704{\mu}g$ per 100ml, suggesting that intestinal ammonia production is suppressed by ginseng powder due to its antimicrobial activity. While there was no significant difference between the control and the rabbits which were administered with ginseng extract intraperitoneally. Ginseng administration had no effect on the creatinine level in blood from ear and portal vein, except the intraperitoneal injection of ginseng extract. It slightly lowered the creatinine level only in ear vein blood. The values of urea and nonprotein nitrogen were net affected by the administration of ginseng.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.2 s.145
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• pp.97-102
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• 2006

Garlic(Allium sativum Linn) is widely used as a common condiment for a variety of foods and beverages. It has been well known that fresh garlic and garlic supplement of commercial preparations have various therapeutic properties including antimicrobial activity, antiplatelet aggregation, antihypertension, and cholesterol-lowering effects, which contribute to its increasing uses for an alternative medicine. Allicin(diallyl thiosulfinate), the major bioactive components of garlic, is formed by alliinase cleavage of the naturally occurring alliin upon crushing or mincing of garlic, and is the progenitor of a number of other products, such as diallyl disulfide. CYP3A4, heme-containing monooxygenase, is a key enzyme responsible for drug metabolism. Therefor, in the present study, we isolated and examined the compounds with CYP3A4-inhibiting activities from garlic. Among EtOAc extracts of garlic, we found that N-p-coumaroyltyramine and N-feruloyltyramine showed remarkable CYP3A4-inhibiting activities, compared to diallyl disulfide. Structures of the isolated active compounds were established by chemical and spectroscopic means.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2009

In April 2008, cherry (Prunus yedoensis Matsumura) in Jeju exhibited severe disease of branches forming numerous twigs. Five isolates from diseased leaves were identified as Taphrina wiesneri on the basis of biological and genetic characteristics. Twenty one commercial fungicides were tested for control of the disease in vitro. Of the 21 fungicides, triazole compounds (difenoconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole) showed relatively good antimicrobial activities. Results from the planta bioassays indicated that triazole compounds reduced the witches' broom disease showing control value $25.7{\sim}52.8%$ compared with the nontreated controls.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.231-236
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• 2015

Two new azaphilone derivatives containing 1,3-dioxolane moiety, penidioxolanes A (1) and B (2), were isolated from marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. KCB12C078, together with four known compounds (3-6) by chemical investigation. Compounds 1 - 6 were isolated by combination of silica gel, ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and MS techniques. The isolates were evaluated against cancer cell growth inhibition effects and antimicrobial activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.3 s.138
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• pp.189-193
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• 2004

In order to find some lead compounds for the treatment of opportunistic infections of malaria and pathogenic microbes, an undescribed Indonesian sponge Agelas sp. collected at Manado, Indonesian Waters, was suggested containing active compounds. Crude ethanolic extract of the sponge exhibited significant in vitro antimalarial and antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (D6 colne) with $IC_{5O}$ values of $8\;{\mu}/ml$ and against pathogenic microbes such as Candida albicans $(150\;{\mu}/ml)$, Cryptococcus neoformans $(<20\;{\mu}/ml)$, Staphylococcus aureus $25\;{\mu}/ml$, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus $(<20\;{\mu}/ml)$, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa $(<20\;{\mu}/ml)$. Active compound (5.0 mg) was isolated from the ethanolic extracts of the sponge and purified by using silica gel and ODS column, successively. Active compound was elucidated as dibromosceptrin $(C_{22}H_{24}Br_2N_{10}O_2)$ by detailed analysis of FTESI-MS and comparison of $^1H,\;^{13}C$, DEPT and HMQC NMR spectral data with those reported.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1279-1283
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• 2009

Garlic has been used for condiments and also for medicines to cure various diseases since ancient times. Many studies on the processing of garlic have been published, however, few of them were related with fermentation because of the antimicrobial action of the garlic. In this study, to conduct garlic fermentation, 4 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains with growth abilities in garlic medium were selected. Addition of various nitrogen, carbon, and mineral sources generally did not improve the growth of experimental strains during garlic fermentation except for Lactobacillus casei KFRI 704 by yeast extract and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC 19257 by mineral sources. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of 32 phenolic compounds during fermentation showed that formononetin was decreased time dependently. The concentrations of volatile compounds and alliin did not change during fermentation. The results of this study would provide the basic understanding of garlic fermentation by selected strains of LAB.