• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 1978

The detection of Bordetella bronchiseptica which is supposed to be an agent of the infectious atrophic rhinitis of swine, is likely to receive more attention in the future as the pork industry comes to realize that eradication of this infection from breeding herds is a practical possibility. Experiments described here were carried out to establish the rapid plate agglutination test for the detection of the infectious atrophic rhinitis of swine in the field using the criteria of antigen preparation, effects on the antigenecity after storing of the antigen and reaction appearing time. Also, the agglutinabilities between the plate and tube method were compared and the degree of pathological lesions were recorded in relation to tube agglutination titers. Obtained results were as follows: 1. No differences were noted in the agglutinabilities on the plate agglutination test between the treatments in antigen preparation-formolized, merthiolate-killed and living organism. 2. The agglutinability of the antigens did not show any significant changes until 10 weeks of storage at 4 C; however, after 10 weeks of storage, non-specific reaction was observed with the HPCD control sera. 3. The results of the plate and tube agglutination tests were not comparable but the effective use of the plate method in Bordetella bronchiseptica eradication programs in pigs especially in the sow is stressed as a screening test.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.179-183
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• 2018

A survey on the seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection among 2,197 Jindo dogs (371 males, 1,826 females) was conducted from 2011 to 2015 using an antigen test (SNAP 4Dx plus, IDEXX, USA). The overall seroprevalence of D. immitis infection in Jindo dogs was 21.8% (479/2,197), and an increase was observed in the seroprevalence of infection from 19.4% in 2011 to 25.8% in 2015. The infection rates were higher among male dogs (32.1%, 119/371) than female dogs (19.7%, 360/1,826)(P<0.01). The infection rates of D. immitis in Jindo dogs at the age of under 1 years-old, 1 to 2 years-old, 2 to 3 years-old and over 3 years old were 10.7% (76/710), 20.0% (190/950), 36.4% (156/428) and 52.3% (57/109), respectively. The older dogs had higher infection rates than the younger dogs (P<0.01). This study indicates that the prevalence rate of D. immitis in Jindo dogs is higher than previously reported in studies which utilized an antigen test.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2002

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using purified hemagglutinin of swine influenza virus (H1N1) as antigen was developed for detection of antibody to avian influenza virus (AIV). The sensitivity and specificity of a developed and commercial available ELISA kits were compared with those of agar gel precipitation (AGP) test and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test using sera collected from chickens under condition of field exposure. The concentration of antigen, serum dilution and concentration of enzyme-conjugated secondary antibody in developed ELISA (S-ELISA) were 0.5ug/100ul, 1:200 and 0.03ug/100ul, respectively. The correlation coefficients between S-ELISA and commercial ELISA and HI titers were 0.419 and 0.533, respectively. A significant correlation (p < 0.01) was not found between HI and ELISA titers. The S-ELISA was found to be as more sensitive and specific than the AGP test, showing 86.8% sensitivity and 85.3% specificity. It is suggested that the ELISA using the SIV as antigen may be useful method as an investigating tool for AIV serological surveillance.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.6
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• pp.42-48
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• 1966

Throughout the studies the following experimental results were obtained and so are summarized here. 1) What caused tussah silkworms terrible disease broken ous all over the Korea in 1965, was examined to be “Inclusion body of virus” through microscope. 2) The examined inclusion bodies are easily stained as purple by seller's staining. 3) The proper speed of centrifugation for the purification of inclusion bodies is 1,000 r. p. m for 10 minutes. 4) It is possible, cleanly resulted, to attempt the “Rapid Agglatination Test ＆ Complement Fixation test” with autigen of inclusion bodies. 5) The Anti-polyhedra rabbit serum from antigen of the dilution of 2${\times}$10$\^$6//l$m\ell$ polyhedra made the Ropid Agglutination test possible even with dilution of 1/8 infected pupa blood(antigen).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 1986

Effects of vinblastine(VLB) and vincristine(VCR) on cell-mediated immunity(CMI) were studied with the microcytotoxicity test(MCT) after normal or pre-sensitized Balb/c mice had been treated in vivo with a combination of two different doses of VLB or VCR(single dose of 20% and 60% $LD_{50}$, i.p.) at different times (from day -6 to day +4) plus allo-transplantation antigen(allo-TA, cells from C3H mice at day 0). The results were that $LD_{50}$ of VLB for female Balb/c mouse was 7.3mg/kg body weight (i.p.) and $LD_{50}$ of VCR was 4.3mg/kg body weight and that VLB and VCR acted as immunosuppressive agents on the primary CMI when administered after allo-TA(antigen-drug-phase), but showed no effect when administered prior to allo-TA(drug-antigen-phase). Change of doses of VLB and VCR(20% $LD_{50}$, 60% $LD_{50}$) caused quantitative or qualitative variations in the immunomodulating effects of these two drugs. Neither VLB nor VCR had any immunomodulating effect on the secondary CMI. Lastly, the results support that the four parameters (type of drug, sensitization status, time of drug treatment in relation to antigen injection, and drug dosis) are significant for the effects of the VLB and VCR on the CMI, and that VLB and VCR may inhibit the proliferation of antigen-stimulated T effector lymphocytes but not memory-cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2004

This paper proposes a new artificial immune approach to on-line hardware test which is the most indispensable technique for fault tolerant hardware. A novel algorithm of generating tolerance conditions is suggested based on the principle of the antibody diversity. Tolerance conditions in artificial immune system correspond to the antibody in biological immune system. In addition, antigen presenting cell (APC) is realized by Quine-McCluskey method in this algorithm and tolerance conditions are generated through GA (Genetic Algorithm). The suggested method is applied to the on-line monitoring of a typical FSM (a decade counter) and its effectiveness is demonstrated by the computer simulation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.543-548
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• 1998

We examined the immunological properties of the recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (r-HBsAg) which was expressed in mammalian cell (C127). The cross-immunity of r-HBsAg and plasma-derived hepatitis B surface antigen (p-HBsAg) were tested using Western blotting and ELISA with guinea pig polyclonal antibody and naturally infected human-derived antibody and the both antigens show the same results in their response pattern and intensity, which indicate they have a good cross-immunity. from the measurement of $ED_{50}$ after formalin- or heat-inactivation, both r-HBsAg and p-HBsAg and p-HBsAg showed $ED_{50}$ of 0.2-0.3 in formalin-inactivaton, while r-HBsAg was 0.05-0.09 and p-HBsAg was 0.03-0.07 in heat-inactivation, which means heat-inactivation method is 3-4 times superior in immunogenicity. In the immunopersistency test performed in guinea pig for the period of 3 months with two different adjuvants, antibody titer was 34.2 with muramyl dipeptide adjuvant, which was 1.8 times greater than the antibody titer of 18.9 with $AIPO_{4}$ adjuvant. the mutagenicity of r-HBsAg has the same cross-immunity with p-HBsAg, and heat-inactivation method and muramyl dipeptide adjuvant allow development of r-HBsAg vaccine with excellent immunogenicity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.633-642
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• 2002

Enteric colibacillosis has economically become an important disease of young animals as a result of increasing intensification of farrowing management. The objective of this experiment is to isolate fimbrial antigen from enterotoxigenic E. coli F41, to develop specific polyclonal IgY which can effectively neutralize or reduce the proliferation of pathogens in feed or living animal system, and to apply IgY technologies to animal industry. The results obtained were as follows: The molecular weight of the purified F41 antigen was 29,500 dalton on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Fimbrial antigen was confirmed by the western blot method. It was observed that after immunization the level of serum antibody titer of laying hen was shown in two weeks and gradually increased. The antibody titer in egg yolk appeared two weeks after it was shown in serum antibody. The titers of egg yolk antibody were gradually increased to the maximum level of 320,000 (antigen 50${\mu}g$/$m\ell$), 450,000 (antigen 200${\mu}g$/$m\ell$), and 320,000 (antigen 600${\mu}g$/$m\ell$). According to the results of specificity test by ELISA, the anti-F41 antibodies from chicken serum and egg yolk reacted only with ETEC F41 antigen. There was no cross reaction with other ETEC strains (K88, K99, and 987P). In vitro condition, as a result of antigen binding ability of yolk antibodies, bacterial concentration was rapidly decreased to $10^5$ CFU/$m\ell$ from $10^9$ CFU/$m\ell$ when 2${\sim}$4 mg/$m\ell$ of freeze dried WSF (water soluble fraction) was added.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Service Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.83.2-84
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• 1996

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2014

Dirofilaria immitis infection is one of the most important parasitic diseases in dogs and public health. It often elicits nodules in the pulmonary parenchyma and in the subcutaneous tissues of human. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of D. immitis infection among 754 dogs in Seoul area from April to December 2012. The infection rate of 754 dogs was 9.8% (74/754) by the antigen test (canine SNAP 4Dx). The infection rates of D. immitis in dogs at the age of < 2, 2~4, 5~7, 8~10, and > 10 years were 3.7% (7/189), 12.9% (30/233), 15.0% (19/127), 9.8% (18/184), and 0% (0/21), respectively. The infection rates in the female and male dogs were 9.7% (33/340) and 9.9% (41/414), respectively. The regional infection rates in northern and southern Han river region of Seoul were 10.7% (44/410) and 8.7% (30/344), respectively. In order to confirm D. immitis infection, we performed PCR on serum samples of 74 dogs which tested positive for D. immitis antigen by the antigen test and we detected a specific gene ITS-2 in 59 serum samples. In conclusion, this study suggests that treatment and preventive care on the D. immitis infection should be considered in dogs of Seoul area.