• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1994

When three systems commonly used for screening(washed platelets suspended in uffer containing Ca2+, washed platelets in buffer without Ca2+and platelet rich plasma) are compared by studying the anti-aggregating capacity of garlic extract, platelet rich plasma was the least sensitive system. The most sensitive assay system, based on the IC50s of garlic extract and 2 other platelet aggregation-inhibiting agents(vitamin K3 and propranolol), was the platelet preparation without Ca2+in the suspension buffer. This system was confirmed as the most sensitive during subsequent investigation of garlic extract's capacity to inhibit platelet ATP release. These results suggest that applying the system with washed platelet without Ca2+is most effective to screen for the anti-affregating capacity of natural food.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.641-649
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• 2017

Objective: Our aim was to report a case of hematoma in the lower extremity induced by anti-platelet agents (Astrix, Plavix). Methods: The patient was prescribed anti-platelet agents and a hematoma occurred three times in the lower extremity. Before admission, the hematoma had occurred in the lateral compartment area of left lower extremity ($2{\times}2cm$). We detected a spontaneous hematoma in the lateral compartment area of right lower extremity ($8{\times}4cm$) and we stopped the Astrix medication. We also used herbal medicine (大黃左經湯加味方 (Daehwangjwagyeong-tang-gami)), external therapy of 大黃梔子 (Dae-hwang-Chi-ja) powder, and wet cupping therapy. We then detected a spontaneous hematoma in the posterior compartment area of the left lower extremity ($5{\times}5cm$) and we stopped the Plavix medication. We also used herbal medicine and external therapy. Results: After cessation of the anti-platelet agents (Astrix, Plavix), no recurrence of hematoma was observed in lower extremity and there was no recurrence of cerebral infarction. Conclusions: When anti-platelet agents are administered, attention should be paid to the patient's age and adverse events of the drugs. Bleeding symptoms and adverse effects should be continuously monitored.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.143-150
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• 2018

The number of geriatric patients seeking dental service is ever-rising because of increased life expectancy, also with problem of increased chronic medical conditions. One of them are patients on anti-thrombotic medication. Bleeding complication after minor oral surgery by anti-thrombotic agents is of concerns to dentists on dental management of these patients. Risk and benefit of the anti-thrombotic agents must be weighed before initiating dental procedures, which should be established as a treatment guideline. Purpose of the paper is to optimize the management of the dental patients on antithrombotic medication via standardization of treatment protocol of such a patient.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.201-205
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• 2011

Although various biological activities of resveratrol have been extensively studied, most reports have focused on trans-resveratrol and little attention has been paid to the cis-isomer. In this study, the effect of cis-resveratrol on platelet activity was examined and compared with that of the trans-isomer. Treatment with cis-resveratrol resulted in inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, collagen or ADP, which are representative aggregation-inducing agents, and the trans-isomer elicited the same effects. These effects were concentration-dependent in the range of 1-100 ${\mu}M$. However, the potency of the cis-isomer was much lower than that of the trans-isomer; the $IC_{50}$ values for the cis-isomer versus the trans-isomer were $31{\pm}12$ vs $151{\pm}3$, $161{\pm}3$ vs $91{\pm}4$, and $601{\pm}15$ vs $251{\pm}6\;{\mu}M$ for thrombin-, collagen- and ADP-induced aggregation, respectively. These results indicate that cis-resveratrol has a less potent anti-platelet activity, compared with the trans-isomer, and raise the possibility that the biological activities of the cis-isomer may be different from those of the trans-isomer. It will be necessary to evaluate the activity of cis-resveratrol independently of the trans-isomer.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.109-115
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• 2018

Garlic is a medicinal plant used throughout the world for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiplatelet activities. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide obtained from chitin, and derivatives of chitosan have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation and adhesion. We hypothesized that fermented preparations of these products may possess stronger antiplatelet effects than the non-fermented forms owing to the increased bioavailability of the bioactive compounds produced during fermentation. Therefore, we compared these compounds via in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation assays by using standard light transmission aggregometry and ex vivo granule secretions from rat platelets. We found that fermented preparations exerted more potent and significant inhibition of platelet aggregation both in vitro and ex vivo. Likewise, ATP release from dense granules of platelets was also significantly inhibited in fermented preparation-treated rat platelets compared to that in non-fermented preparation-treated ones. We concluded that fermented preparations exerted more potent effects on platelet function both in vitro and ex vivo, possibly as a result of the increased bioavailability of active compounds produced during fermentation. We therefore suggest that fermented products may be potent therapeutics against platelet-related CVDs and can be used as antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2003

Antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulant and lipid-lowering drugs are clinically widely used for secondary preventive purpose in the cardiovascular patients, but there is no primary preventive agents to prevent these diseases. With the aim of developing effective primary agents for cardiovascular diseases, we tried to formulate an optimized mixture of natural plants extract containing Theae sinensis, Camelliae sinensis, Vitis vinifera, Gingko folium and curcuminoids from Curcuma longa and to evaluate its anti-thrombotic and anti-hypercholesterolemic effects in vivo. The inhibitory effect of curcuminoids on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration were also investigated in vitro. in the animal experiments treated with hyperlipidemic diet, oral treatment of curcuminoids and natural plants extracts mixture (100 mg/kg) into male Sprague Dawley rats for 7 week simultaneously inhibited platelet aggregation as well as improved lipid profile in the blood. Compared to control group, both of curcuminoids-treated and mixture-treated groups revealed significantly decrease of total cholesterol (24.4%, 28.6%), free cholesterol (25.1%, 24.0%), cholesterol ester (14.6%, 29.0%), LDL-cholesterol (27.0%, 32.0%) and triglyceride (15.0%, 31.0%), respectively. However, both groups showed increase of HDL-cholesterol (46.6% and 51.5%) . In particular, atherogenic index of curcuminoids and mixture treatment group was significantly decreased to 47.0% and 56.0%, respectively. Furthermore, oral treatment of curcuminoids and mixture significantly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation (21.1% and 29.1%, respectively), compared to control group. The anti-thrombotic values of mixture was almost similar to that of aspirin treatment (100 mg/kg) group. These results suggest that the oral treatment of curcuminoids-based natural plant extract mixture improved cardiovascular conditions in hyperlipidemic rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1400-1408
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• 2016

The black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) is belong to the Grossulariaceae family, and has piquant berries, which can be eaten as raw or as processed foods, such as jams, jelly, juice and syrups. In this study, the fresh juice of black currant (FJBC) from Austria and its subsequent organic solvent fractions, such as hexane fraction, ethylacetate (EA) fraction, butanol fraction and water residue, were prepared and their in-vitro anti-oxidant, anti-coagulation and anti-platelet aggregation activities were evaluated. The FJBC and EA fraction, which has concentrated polyphenol and flavonoid, showed strong radical scavenging activities and reducing power. The $RC_{50}s$ of EA fraction against DPPH anion, ABTS cation, nitrite were 136.3, 66.2 and $115.5{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, those are 1/10, 1/16, and 1/7.7 of $RC_{50}s$ of vitamin C. In anti-coagulation assay, the FJBC, EA and butanol fraction showed significant inhibitory activities against thrombin, prothrombin and coagulation factors. Furthermore, the anti-platelet aggregation activities of EA and butanol fraction were the stronger than that of aspirin. The concentrations required for 50% platelet aggregation inhibition of aspirin, EA and butanol fraction were 0.395, 0.192 and 0.261 mg/ml, respectively. The EA and butanol fraction have no hemolysis activities up to 0.5 mg/ml against human red blood cells. The results suggest that the FJBC and its EA and butanol fraction have high potentials as novel anti-thrombosis agents. This report provides the first evidence of anti-thrombosis activity of black currant.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2019

Moringa oleifera Lam (MOL) has been used as a traditional medicine to treat various cancers and inflammation. Whereas the bioactivities of the MOL leaf and seed are well reported, the study of the root is still rudimentary. In this study, the ethanol extract of MOL (EEMOL) and its subsequent organic solvent fractions were prepared and their anticoagulation activity in vitro and platelet aggregation inhibitory activity were evaluated. The EEMOL had negligible anticoagulation and strong platelet aggregation activities. However, the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of EEMOL showed significant inhibition against thrombin, prothrombin, coagulation factors, and platelet aggregation, without hemolytic activity up to 1.0 mg/ml. Our results suggest that the active fractions of MOL root have potential as new anti-thrombosis agents.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 2020

Cardiovascular diseases prevail among modern societies and underdeveloped countries, and a high mortality rate has also been reported by the World Health Organization affecting millions of people worldwide. Hyperactive platelets are the major culprits in thrombotic disorders. A group of drugs is available to deal with such platelet-related disorders; however, sometimes, side effects and complications caused by these drugs outweigh their benefits. Ginseng and its nutraceuticals have been reported to reduce the impact of thrombotic conditions and improve cardiovascular health by antiplatelet mechanisms. This review provides (1) a comprehensive insight into the available pharmacological options from ginseng and ginsenosides (saponin and nonsaponin fractions) for platelet-originated cardiovascular disorders; (2) a discussion on the impact of specific functional groups on the modulation of platelet functions and how structural modifications among ginsenosides affect platelet activation, which may further provide a basis for drug design, optimization, and the development of ginsenoside scaffolds as pharmacological antiplatelet agents; (3) an insight into the synergistic effects of ginsenosides on platelet functions; and (4) a perspective on future research and the development of ginseng and ginsenosides as super nutraceuticals.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.280-284
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• 2018

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing rapidly in developed countries, with CVDs now representing the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Natural products and ethnomedicines have been shown to reduce the risk of CVDs. Garlic is a medicinal plant used throughout the world for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiplatelet activities. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide obtained from chitin, and derivatives of chitosan have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation and adhesion. We hypothesized that fermented preparations of these products may possess stronger antiplatelet effects than the non-fermented forms owing to the increased bioavailability of the bioactive compounds produced during fermentation. Therefore, we compared these compounds via in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation assays by using standard light transmission aggregometry and ex vivo granule secretions from rat platelets. We found that fermented preparations exerted more potent and significant inhibition of platelet aggregation both in vitro and ex vivo. Likewise, ATP release from dense granules of platelets was also significantly inhibited in fermented preparation-treated rat platelets compared to that in non-fermented preparation-treated ones. We concluded that fermented preparations exerted more potent effects on platelet function both in vitro and ex vivo, possibly as a result of the increased bioavailability of active compounds produced during fermentation. We therefore suggest that fermented products may be potent therapeutics against platelet-related CVDs and can be used as antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents.