• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2005

본 연구는 천연물로부터 기능성화장품의 소재로 이용할 수 있는 새로운 항산화제를 개발하기 위하여 정선산 오가피나무 추출물의 항산화 효과를 측정하였다. 통상적 항산화력 평가기법인 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 평가 방법은 천연물의 항산화능을 평가하기에 가장 쉬운 방법중에 하나이나 생체내에서 발생되는 특정 라디칼에 대한 항산화능을 평가하기에는 부적합하여 본 연구진은 전사상자성공명법이라는 방법을 이용하여 특정 라디칼에 대한 오가피나무 추출물의 항산화능을 평가하였다. 전자상자성공명법을 이용한 항산화능 평가 결과 오가피나무의 추출물은 유해산소종 및 유해질소종에 대한 매우 우수한 항산화능을 가지고 있음이 밝혀졌으며, 이리한 결과로 보아 오가피나무 추출물은 새로운 항산화제 소재 및 피부내의 산화적 스트레스 방지목적의 기능성 화장품소재로서의 개발가능성이 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2011

질경이 추출물을 농축하여 동결 건조해서 실험동물인 SD계 수컷 흰쥐의 실험식이에 0.5% 수준으로 첨가하여 7주간 사육하면서 체중은 7일 간격으로 섭취는 2일 간격으로 오전 9시에 측정하였으며, 활성산소 및 항산화 활성 측정은 2회 측정하였다. 또한 실험이 종료된 후 실험동물을 단두 도살하여 혈청 중 총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 혈당, 인지질을 측정하여 지질함량에 미치는 영향을 측정 하였다. 질경이 추출물을 SD계 수컷 흰쥐 에 질경이 추출물이 함유된 식이를 급여 후 식이섭취량, 체중 증가량을 측정한 결과 질경이 추출물을 섭취한 rat이 대조군에 비해 모두 증가하였지만 군간 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 질경이 추출물 급여 후 적출 된 실험동물의 장기에서 대조군과 실험군의 무게 차이는 보이지 않았다. 사육 기간동안 측정한 혈액 중 항산화에서는 7주째 질경이가 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 수치가 높게 나왔으며, 활성산소는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 실험식이 종료 후 살험동물에서 적출한 장기의 무게를 측정한 결과 심장, 신장, 장, 간 모두 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한, 혈청 중의 총콜레스테롤 함량 측정 결과 질경이 추출물 급여군이 대조군에 비해 낮은 함량을 나타내었고, HDL-콜레스테롤 함량에서는 대조군에 비해 높은 함량을 나타내었지만 유의적으로 증가하지는 않았다. HDL-cholesterol/Total cholesterol의 비율에서도 질경이 추출물 급여군이 유의적으로 증가하였다. LDL-cholesterol 함량은 질경이 추출물 급여군이 대조군에 비해 낮은 함량을 나타내었으나 유의적인 차이는 아니었다. 중성지방 함량은 질경이 추출물 급여군이 대조군에 비해 낮은 수치를 보였으며, 혈당 함량과 인지질 함량은 대조군에 비해 높은 수치였으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이상에서와 같이 질경이 추출물 급여한 흰쥐를 이용한 동물실험에서 항산화능 및 혈청의 지질대사 개선 효과가 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 천연물의 조추출물을 이용한 기반연구로서 향후 질경이의 항산화 효과와 지질개선에 대한 분자생물학적 조직병리학적 후속연구가 필요하다고 사료되며, 이 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 질경이의 항산화 식품이나 지질개선 기능성 식품 소재로의 활용이 기대된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.554-561
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• 2009

B. subtilis DJI 균주로 접종 후 천일염을 첨가하여 제조한 B. subtilis DJI 된장의 에탄올, 물 및 헥산의 용매별 항산화효과를 비교하였다. B. subtilis DJI 된장의 에탄올 추출물 수율은 15.9%, 헥산 추출물 수율은 14.9% 및 물 추출물 수율은 26.9% 범위로 물 추출물 수율이 가장 높았다. 과산화물가는 B. subtilis DJI 된장 용매별 추출물 중에서 에탄올 추출물이 300 ppm에서 600 ppm으로 농도를 증가하였을 경우 저하되어 과산화물 생성 억제효과가 있었으며, 합성항산화제인 BHT와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 아질산염 소거능은 B. subtilis DJI 된장 에탄올 추출물이 300 ppm과 600 ppm 농도에서 각각 18.26%와 23.36%로 가장 높았고, 물 추출물에서 10.23%와 12.46%였고, 헥산 추출물에서는 2.62%와 5.51%로 가장 낮아 헥산 추출물의 경우 항산화효과가 아주 미비한 것으로 나타났다. 전자공여능도 아질산염 소거능과 비슷한 경향을 보여 시료 농도가 증가할수록 항산화효과가 증가하였고, 에탄올 추출물이 가장 우수한 항산화효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 B. subtilis DJI 된장 추출물의 아질산염 소거능과 전자공여능은 합성항산화제인 BHT에 비해서는 낮은 경향이었다. Rancimat 방법으로 측정한 항산화효과도 두 농도 모두 B. subtilis DJI 된장 에탄올 추출물의 항산화효과가 가장 우수하였으나, 물과 헥산 추출물은 항산화효과에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2021

Purpose : Keratinocytes are the main cellular components involved in wound healing during re-epithelization and inflammation. Dysfunction of tight junction (TJ) adhesions is a major feature in the pathogenesis of various diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the various effects of a Sparassis crispa water extract (SC) on HaCaT cells and to investigate whether these effects might be applicable to human skin. Methods : We investigated the effectiveness of SC on cell HaCaT viability using MTS. The antioxidant effect of SC was analyzed by comparing the effectiveness of ABTS to that of the well-known antioxidant resveratrol. Reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is the most widely applied method Quantitative RT-PCR analysis has shown that SC in HaCaT cells affects mRNA expression of tight-junction genes associated with skin moisturization. In addition, Wound healing is one of the most complex processes in the human body. It involves the spatial and temporal synchronization of a variety of cell types with distinct roles in the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, growth, re-epithelialization, and remodeling. wound healing analysis demonstrated altered cell migration in SC-treated HaCaT cells. Results : MTS analysis in HaCaT cells was found to be more cytotoxic in SC at a concentration of 0.5 mg/㎖. Compared to 100 µM resveratrol, 4 mg/㎖ SC exhibited similar or superior antioxidant effects. SC treatment in HaCaT cells reduced levels of claudin 1, claudin 3, claudin 4, claudin 6, claudin 7, claudin 8, ZO-1, ZO-2, JAM-A, occludin, and Tricellulin mRNA expression by about 1.13 times. Wound healing analysis demonstrated altered cell migration in SC-treated HaCaT cells and HaCaT cell migration was also reduced to 73.2 % by SC treatment. Conclusion : SC, which acts as an antioxidant, reduces oxidative stress and prevents aging of the skin. Further research is needed to address the effects of SC on human skin given the observed alteration of mRNA expression of tight-junction genes and the decreased the cell migration of HaCaT cells.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.592-599
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• 2019

This study is to stabilize insoluble and unstable active ingredient which is Idebenone (INCI name: hydroxydecyl ubiquinone) in a multi-lamellar vesicle (MLV) and to stabilize it in the skin care cosmetics. Idebenone is good effective raw material in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in the medical field and a powerful antioxidant in dermatology. It is well known as a substance that inhibits the formation of melanin and cleans the skin pigment. However, it did not dissolve in any solvent and it was difficult to apply in cosmetic applications. Niosome vesicle was able to develop a nano-particle by making a multi-layer of idebenone encapsulated with a nonionic surfactant, hydrogenated lecithin and glycine soja (soybean) sterols and passing it through a high pressure microfluidizer. Idebenone niosome vesicle (INV) has been developed to have the ability to dissolve transparently in water and to promote transdermal penetration. The appearance of the INV was a yellowish liquid having specific odor, and the particle size distribution of INV was about 10~80 nm. The pH was 5~8 (mean=6.8). This capsulation with idebenone was stored in a $45^{\circ}C$ incubator for 3 months and its stability was observed and quantitatively measured by HPLC. As a result, the stability of the sample encapsulated in the niosome vesicle (97.5%) was about 66.3% higher than that of the non-capsule sample of 32.5%. Idebenone 1% INV was used for the efficacy test and clinical trial evaluation as follows. The anti-oxidative activity of INV was 38.2%, which was superior to that of 12.8% tocopherol (control). The melanin-reducing effect of B16 melanoma cells was better than INV (17.4%) and Albutin (control) (9.6%). Pro-collagen synthesis rate was 128.2% for INV and 89.3% for tocopherol (control). The skin moisturizing effect was 15.5% better than the placebo sample. The elasticity effect was 9.7% better than the placebo sample. As an application field, INV containing 1% of idebenone is expected to be able to develop various functional cosmetic formulations such as skin toner, ampoule essence, cream, eye cream and sunblock cream. In addition, it is expected that this encapsulated material will be widely applicable to emulsifying agents for skin use in the pharmaceutical industry as well as the cosmetics industry.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1386-1395
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• 2018

최근의 연구결과를 통해서 중추 신경계와 위장관은 장-뇌 축을 따라서 양방향의 상호작용이 일어나고 있다는 것이 분명해지고 있다. 전임상 연구로부터 장내 마이크로비오타가 다양한 생리적 기능을 통해서 중추 신경계의 기능을 조절할 수 있음이 밝혀지고 있다. 폴리페놀 화합물은 과일, 채소, 차, 커피, 와인과 같은 식품에 존재하는 식물 유래의 물질로, 항산화, 항염증, 항균, 면역 조절, 항암, 혈관 확장 및 프리바이오틱스와 유사한 효과를 보유하고 있어 식이를 통해 섭취할 경우 건강에 직접적인 효과를 나타낸다. 최근 들어 폴리페놀 화합물이 인지 기능뿐만 아니라 산화적 스트레스 및 염증성 손상에 대해 작용하는 신경 보호에 유익한 효과를 줄 수 있다는 증거가 보고되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 신경 세포 신호 전달 경로의 자극, 신경 염증, 혈관 기능 및 장내 마이크로비옴과의 상호작용에 따른 폴리페놀 화합물의 신경 보호 효과와 관련된 작용 메커니즘에 대한 일반적인 개요를 제시한다. 폴리페놀 화합물의 대사 산물은 혈액-뇌 장벽을 가로 지르는 신경 전달 물질을 이용하고 뇌 혈관 시스템을 조절하여 작용하거나, 간접적으로 장내 마이크로비오타에 작용한다. 또한, 폴리페놀 화합물은 노화 관련 인지 기능 저하 및 신경 퇴행과 같은 신경계 질환을 다양한 생리 기능을 통해 효과적으로 관리할수 있다는 사실이 제시되고 있다. 폴리페놀 화합물은 신경 염증을 감소시키고 기억과 인지 기능을 향상 시키며 장내 마이크로비오타를 조절하는 능력을 지니고 있기 때문에 신경계 질환의 예방 및 치료에 있어 잠재적인 기능성 식품으로 주목 받을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to observe the anti-diabetic effect and underlying mechanisms of Galgunhwanggumhwangryun-tang (GHH; Gegen-Qinlian-decoction) in the C2C12 myotubes. Methods: GHH (1.0 mg/ml) or metformin (0.75 mM) or insulin (100 nM) were treated in C2C12 myotubes after 4 days differentiation. The glucose uptake was assessed by 2-[N-(7-160 nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake by C2C12 cells. The expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphorylation AMPK (pAMPK) were measured by western blot. We also evaluated gene expression of glucose transporter type 4 (Slc2a4, formerly known as GLUT4), glucokinase (Gk), carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (Cpt1a), nuclear respiratory factors 1 (Nrf1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (Ppargc1a) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: GHH promoted glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. The expression of AMPK protein, which plays an essential role in glucose metabolism, was increased by treatment with GHH. GHH treatment tended to increase gene expression of Slc2a4, Gk, and Nrf1 but was not statistically significant. However, GHH significantly improved Tfam and Ppargc1a gene expression in C2C12 myotubes. Conclusions: In summary, GHH treatment promoted glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. We suggest that these effects are associated with increased gene expression involved in mitochondrial biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, such as Tfam and Ppargc1a, and increased expression of AMPK protein.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-30
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• 2009

Purpose: In this rapidly aging society, the research and development of traditional oriental medicine treatment is one of the critical factors to protect the increasing neuro-degenerative disorders. In this study, we wanted to verify the effect of Yukul-tang (YUT) on neuro-degenerative disease model by assessing the antioxidant and anti-inflammation effects. Methods: To assess the antioxidant effects of YUT, we carried out DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging assays and determined the total polyphenolic contents in YUT. To evaluate the neuro-protective effects of YUT, we performed the MTT and ROS assays and TH immunohistochemistry, NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ assays in SH-SY5Y or mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons damaged by 6-OHDA. Results: The treatment of YUT showed eliminating effects on DPPH radical and ABTS radical. it showed deterring effects on ROS, NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ and protecting effects on TH-positive cell in SH-SY5Y cells or mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Especially in the case of the treatment of YUT with 0.2ug/mL + 6-OHDA 10uM, the protective effect on dopaminergic neurons was most outstanding. Conclusion: In this study, we have demonstrated that YUT has an antioxidant effect and a neuro-protective effect on neuro-degenerative disease model caused by neurotoxin such as 6-OHDA. The results of our present study suggest that YUT can be useful agent to prevent and to treat neuro-degenerative diseases.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2009

Purpose: The depression accompanied with menopuase shows the relation with the dopamine secretion. These studies were undertaken to evaluate the anti- oxidative and neuroprotective effects of Bunsimgieum(BSGE) on dopaminergic neurons. Methods: To estimate the antioxidant effects, we carried out 1.1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline -6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay, and measurement of total polyphenolic content. To evaluate neuroprotective effect of BSGE in vitro, We performed thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) creation in SH-SY5Y. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry, nitric oxide (NO) assay, and TNF-${\alpha}$ assay in primary rat mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Results: The DPPH free radical and the ABTS radical cation inhibition activities were increased at a dose dependent manner. Total polyphenolic content was 0.83%. In SH-SY5Y culture, BSGE significantly increased the decreased cell viability by 6-OHDA at the concentrations of 10${\mu}$g/m${\ell}$ in pre-treatment group, 0.1-200${\mu}$g/m${\ell}$ in post-treatment group. The production of ROS induced by 6-OHDA was significantly inhibited in BSGE treated group. In mesencephalic dopaminergic cell culture, the BSGE group reduced the dopaminergic cell loss against 6-OHDA toxicity and the production of No and TNF-${\alpha}$ at the concentration of 5${\mu}$g/m${\ell}$. Conclusion: These results shows that BSGE has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in the dopaminergic cells through decreasing the production of ROS, NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ which can cause many neurodegenerative changes in brain cell. We suggest that BSGE could be useful for the treatment of postmenopausal depression related with the decrease of dopamine.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.899-916
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress is a fundamental neurodegenerative disease trigger that damages and decimates nerve cells. Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic central nervous system disorders that progress and result from neuronal degradation and loss. Recent studies have extensively focused on neurodegenerative disease treatment and prevention using dietary compounds. Heseperetin is an aglycone hesperidin form with various physiological activities, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and antitumor. However, few studies have considered hesperetin's neuroprotective effects and mechanisms; thus, our study investigated this in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-treated SH-SY5Y cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: SH-SY5Y cells were treated with H₂O₂ (400 µM) in hesperetin absence or presence (10-40 µM) for 24 h. Three-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assays detected cell viability, and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining allowed us to observe nuclear morphology changes such as chromatin condensation and apoptotic nuclei. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assays measured intracellular ROS production; Griess reaction assays assessed nitric oxide (NO) production. Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reactions quantified corresponding mRNA and proteins. RESULTS: Subsequent experiments utilized various non-toxic hesperetin concentrations, establishing that hesperetin notably decreased intracellular ROS and NO production in H₂O₂-treated SH-SY5Y cells (P < 0.05). Furthermore, hesperetin inhibited H₂O₂-induced inflammation-related gene expression, including interluekin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activation. In addition, hesperetin inhibited NF-κB translocation into H₂O₂-treated SH-SY5Y cell nuclei and suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinase protein expression, an essential apoptotic cell death regulator. Various apoptosis hallmarks, including shrinkage and nuclear condensation in H₂O₂-treated cells, were suppressed dose-dependently. Additionally, hesperetin treatment down-regulated Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratios and activated AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin autophagy pathways. CONCLUSION: These results substantiate that hesperetin activates autophagy and inhibits apoptosis and inflammation. Hesperetin is a potentially potent dietary agent that reduces neurodegenerative disease onset, progression, and prevention.