• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.736-740
• /
• 2007

It is not always convenient to consider isotropic meshes where the edge length depends on the orientation of the edge. It is desirable to go for anisotropic mesh strategy instead. There are many instances where the solution shows directional features such as great variations along certain directions with less significant changes along other ones. Anisotropic meshes considered to be worthy in these cases. By using anisotropic elements we can resolve the solution accurately with few elements. Many techniques have been used as a common feature that the shape, size and orientation of the triangle elements are controlled by specifying metric tensor. This paper attempts at clear understanding of the estimation and equidistribution of the error and discusses the parameters like reliability and effectivity of an anisotropic mesh in a mathematical manner. Also we study some of applications of anisotropic mesh.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.03a
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 2004

A new anisotropic mesh refinement method is proposed. The new method is based on a simple second order interpolation error indicator. Therefore, it is methodologically direct and intuitive as compared with traditional anisotropic refinement strategies. Moreover, it does not depend on the mesh type. The error indicator is face-wisely calculated for all faces in a mesh and the cell refinement type is determined by the configuration of face markings with a given threshold. For the sake of simplicity, an application for a poisson equation on a triangle mesh is considered. The error field and resultant mesh refinement pattern are compared and effects of the threshold selection are discussed. Applying anisotropic refinement with various thresholds, we observed higher convergence rates than those in the uniform refinement cases.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.52 no.12
• /
• pp.2733-2742
• /
• 2020

This paper presents an assessment of applicability of the multigroup cross sections generated with Monte Carlo tools to the fast reactor analysis based on transport calculations. 33-group cross section sets were generated for simple one- (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) sodium-cooled fast reactor problems using the SERPENT code and applied to deterministic steady-state and depletion calculations. Relative to the reference continuous-energy SERPENT results, with the transport corrected P₀ scattering cross section, the k-eff value was overestimated by 506 and 588 pcm for 1-D and 2-D problems, respectively, since anisotropic scattering is important in fast reactors. When the scattering order was increased to P₅, the 1-D and 2-D problem errors were increased to 577 and 643 pcm, respectively. A sensitivity and uncertainty analysis with the PERSENT code indicated that these large k-eff errors cannot be attributed to the statistical uncertainties of cross sections and they are likely due to the approximate anisotropic scattering matrices determined by scalar flux weighting. The anisotropic scattering cross sections were alternatively generated using the MC²-3 code and merged with the SERPENT cross sections. The mixed cross section set consistently reduced the errors in k-eff, assembly powers, and nuclide densities. For example, in the 2-D calculation with P3 scattering order, the k-eff error was reduced from 634 pcm to -223 pcm. The maximum error in assembly power was reduced from 2.8% to 0.8% and the RMS error was reduced from 1.4% to 0.4%. The maximum error in the nuclide densities at the end of 12-month depletion that occurred in ²³⁷Np was reduced from 3.4% to 1.5%. The errors of the other nuclides are also reduced consistently, for example, from 1.1% to 0.1% for ²³⁵U, from 2.2% to 0.7% for ²³⁸Pu, and from 1.6% to 0.2% for ²⁴¹Pu. These results indicate that the scalar flux weighted anisotropic scattering cross sections of SERPENT may not be adequate for application to fast reactors where anisotropic scattering is important.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2004.03b
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2004

Anisotropic characteristics of deformation are important to understand the particular behavior in the pre-failure state of soils. Recent experiments shows that cross-anisotropic moduli of granular soils can be expressed by functions of normal stresses in the corresponding directions, which is closely linked to micromechanical characteristics of particles. Granular soils are composed of a number of particles so that the force-displacement relationship at each contact point governs the macroscopic stress-strain relationship. Therefore, the micromechanical approach in which the deformation of granular soils is regarded as a mutual interaction between particle contacts is one of the best ways to investigate the anisotropic deformation of soils. In this study, a numerical program based on the theory of micromechanics is developed. Modified Hertz-Mindlin model is adopted to represent the force-displacement relationship in each contact point for the realistic prediction of anisotropic moduli. To evaluate the model parameters, a set of analytical solutions of anisotropic moduli is derived in the isotropic stress condition. By comparing the analytical solutions with exact values, we confirm that the analytical solutions can be utilized to evaluate model parameters within the acceptable range of error of 10%.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.479-490
• /
• 2003

This study proposed a modified anisotropic diffusion restoration for image classification. The anisotropic diffusion restoration uses a probabilistic model based on Markov random field, which represents geographical connectedness existing in many remotely sensed images, and restores them through an iterative diffusion processing. In every iteration, the bonding-strength coefficient associated with the spatial connectedness is adaptively estimated as a function of brightness gradient. The gradient function involves a constant called "temperature", which determines the amount of discontinuity and is continuously decreased in the iterations. In this study, the proposed method has been extensively evaluated using simulated images that were generated from various patterns. These patterns represent the types of natural and artificial land-use. The simulated images were restored by the modified anisotropic diffusion technique, and then classified by a multistage hierarchical clustering classification. The classification results were compared to them of the non-restored simulation images. The restoration with an appropriate temperature considerably reduces error in classification, especially for noisy images. This study made experiments on the satellite images remotely sensed on the Korean peninsula. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is also very effective on image classification in remote sensing.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.58 no.3
• /
• pp.598-604
• /
• 2009

This paper proposes a vehicle detector with an anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensor and addresses experimental results to show the detector's performance. The detector consists of an AMR sensor and mechanical and electronic apparatuses. The AMR sensor, composed of four magnetoresistors, senses disturbance of the earth's magnetic field caused by a vehicle moving over the sensor and then produces an output indicative of the moving vehicle. This paper verifies performance of the detector on the basis of experimental results obtained from the field tests carried under the two traffic conditions on local highways in Korea. First, I show the vehicle counting performance on a low speed congested highway by comparing the vehicle counts measured by the detector with the exact counts. Second, both vehicle counts and average speeds calculated from the measured point-occupancy on another continuously free running highway are compared with the reference values obtained from a loop detector which has two independent loop coils, where I have used several performance indices including mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) to show the performance consistency between the two types of detectors.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
• /
• v.1994 no.12
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 1994

The Heat Anisotropic Diffusion Method has shown very effective for the contour detection of 2-D echocardiogram. To implement this algorithm, we have to choose the parameter C, K, and the threshold level. The choice of C and K are not very sensitive for the good edge detection of the echocardiogram, however the choice of the threshold level is very critical. Until now the threshold level is chosen by the trial and error method. In this paper, we present an automatic threshold decision method from the histogram of the gradient of boundary-like pixels.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.324-329
• /
• 2023

Different types of deterministic solution methods were used to solve neutron transport equations corresponding to half-space and slab albedo problems. In these types of solution methods, in addition to the error of the numerical solutions, the obtained results contain truncation and discretization errors. In the present work, a non-analog Monte Carlo method is provided to simulate the half-space and slab albedo problems with Inönü and Anlı-Güngör strongly anisotropic scattering functions. For each scattering function, the sampling method of the direction of the scattered neutrons is presented. The effects of different beams with different angular dependencies and the effects of different scattering parameters on the reflection probability are investigated using the developed Monte Carlo method. The validity of the Monte Carlo method is also confirmed through the comparison with the published data.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2022

In this study, simulation method was developed to improve the accuracy of the warpage simulation based on the equivalent anisotropic viscoelastic model. First, a package with copper traces and bumps was modeled to implement anisotropic viscoelastic behavior. Then, equivalent anisotropic viscoelastic properties and thermal expansion coefficient for the bump region were derived through the representative volume element model. A thermal cycle of 0 to 125 degrees was applied to the package based on the derived mechanical properties, and the warpage according to the thermal cycle was simulated. To verify the simulation results, the actual package was manufactured, and the warpage with respect to the thermal cycle was measured through shadow moiré interferometer. As a result, by applying the equivalent anisotropic viscoelastic model, it was possible to calculate the warpage of the package within 5 ㎛ error and predict the shape of the warpage.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.140-144
• /
• 2003

A navigation sensor system for outdoor AGV(Automatic Guided Vehicle) using AMR(Anisotropic Magnetoresitive) sensors is described. We derive a formula of the position of AMR sensor using the measured magnetic field intensity due to permanent magnet with constant distance. The system consists of sensor board. sensor control board and position processing board. The sensor board measures magnetic field intensity, the sensor control board controls the measurement of six sensors sequentially, and the position processing board computes the accurate position of the permanent magnet using Least Square Method. We arranged six sensors at intervals of 30cm and measured the position of the permanent magnet moving at intervals of 30cm. Experimental results showed that we can get standard deviation of 2mm and error of &\pm&4.5mm at a height of 20cm from the permanent magnet.