• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.628-634
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• 2012

Release of veterinary antibiotics (VSs) to agricultural environment through application of animal manure and/or animal manure-based composts to soils is of concern. The current study was conducted to examine decline of VAs during composting the chicken manure. For this, antibiotics free chicken manure (20 kg) and sawdust (10 kg) were added to the bench-scale composting apparatus and then the mixed material was spiked simultaneously with three VAs (chlortetracycline, CTC; sulfamethazine, SMZ; tylosin, TYL) at two different levels (10 and $20mg\;kg^{-1}$). Then the decline of VAs was determined using Charm II system during 53 composting period. For comparison, composting only chicken manure was included at VAs concentration of $10mg\;kg^{-1}$. During composting, the concentration of all three different VAs declined below the prospective guideline values ($0.8mg\;kg^{-1}$ for CTC, $0.2mg\;kg^{-1}$ for SMZ, and $1.0mg\;kg^{-1}$ for TYL) except CTC at $20mg\;kg^{-1}$ spiking when the chicken manure was composted together with sawdust. Interestingly, CTC at $10mg\;kg^{-1}$ spiking appeared to be declined under the guideline value without sawdust while SMZ was resistant to be declined without sawdust. Unlike CTC and SMZ, TYL showed immediate decline right after spiking TYL to composting materials regardless the spiking concentration and existence of sawdust. Appropriate composting procedure of chicken manure was able to decline the residual VAs in the manure below the prospective guideline value and the importance of organic substances on this decline was perceived.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.599-611
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• 2009

This article concerns the labeling guideline for health benefits of livestock products. In recent years, livestock products with health benefits have emerged as a key market for livestock product industries. However, the current labeling regulation for functional foods severely prohibits livestock product industries from attaching most of the health benefits claims to the products. Also, manufacturers have some difficulties in labeling the health benefits of certain livestock products because of a lack of guidelines on health benefit claims for livestock products. Therefore, some livestock product industries and scientists have strongly demanded a revision of labeling regulation, Appended Chart No. 14 provided by Article 52 (2) of Enforcement Regulation of the Processing of Livestock Products Act, so they could mark the health benefits on their products. To support the 'revision of labeling regulation', the goals of this article were as follows; 1) to assess the current situation on nutrition labeling and nutrition claims on foods, 2) to determine the current situation on health claim regulatory systems used in foreign countries (CODEX, USA, Japan, EU, and Australia/New Zealand), 3) to assess the current situation on the health claim or health benefit claim regulations for functional foods, conventional foods, and livestock products in Korea, and 4) to determine the need for complement in health benefit claim for livestock products. In conclusion, guidelines for the use of health benefit claims on livestock products should be prepared as soon as possible and the guidelines should be viable and easy for manufacturers and control authorities to understand. Also, nutrient profiles should be developed to identify whether the livestock products are eligible to bear health benefit claims and to help consumers make the right choices.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.523-530
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• 2007

본 연구는 총 127두(암퇘지 30두, 수퇘지 97두) 재래돼지의 출하체중별 도체특성, 부분육 생산율 및 육질특성을 조사하였다. 본 연구에 이용된 재래돼지의 평균 출하체중, 도체율 및 거래정육율은 수컷이 각각 74.69kg, 71.14% 및 61.09%이었고 암컷은 75.5kg, 73.88% 및 56.25 %이었다. 결과적으로 암퇘지가 수퇘지에 비하여 생체중 및 도체율이 약간 높게 나타난 반면에 거래정육율은 수퇘지가 암퇘지와 비교하여 약간 높은 경향을 나타냈으나 성별 그룹간에 유의적인 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05). 재래돼지의 일반성분 특성에서 암퇘지 그룹이 수퇘지 그룹보다 높은 지방 함량을 보였으며, 수퇘지에서는 출하체중에 관계없이 지방 함량이 낮은 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 단백질 함량은 출하체중이 증가할수록 암퇘지 및 수퇘지 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 근내지방 함량이 높은 암퇘지의 경우 동일한 체중그룹에 속하는 수퇘지와 비교하여 전단력이 낮고 보수력이 높은 경향으로 나타났다. 육색에서 암퇘지가 수퇘지와 비교하여 전반적으로 L값(명도), a값(적색도), 및 b값(황색도)이 모두 높은 경향을 나타냈으나 유의적인 차이는 황색도에서만 암퇘지가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 따라서 본 연구결과는 재래돼지의 출하체중과 성별에 따른 적절한 품질인증기준을 설정하는데 중요한 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2009

The brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) has been used to select the developmental competent oocytes in pigs, goats and cows. Growing oocytes have a higher level of active glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH) compare to mature oocytes and are rarely stained compared to mature oocytes, because G6PDH converts BCB to colorless. First polar body extrusion regard as a guideline of meoisis completion. Selection of polar body extrude oocyte is more developmental competent to blastocyst than unselected. This study was conducted to compare the BCB test to the polar body extrusion on selection of developmental competent porcine oocytes for the production of blastocyst. Cumulus-Oocytes complex were exposed to 26uM BCB stain diluted in NCSU-23 for 90 min. There was no significant difference embryo development to blastocysts between BCB treated and not treated($19.58{\pm}1.99$ vs $18.75{\pm}2.27%$), which means there was no detrimental effect of BCB exposure to oocytes. Normal fertilization is not differed among treatment groups from 70.0 to 78.4% development to blastocyst, beside polyspermy did not. To compare two different selection methods, BCB test and polar body extrusion, evaluate the developmental competent of IVP embryos. BCB+PB+(blue stained and polar body extruded, $20.71{\pm}0.45%$) and BCB-PB+(colorless and polar body extruded, $20.04{\pm}l.29%$) groups are significantly (p<0.05) higher developed than those of BCB+PB-(blue stained and no polar body, $13.24{\pm}0.73%$) and BCB-PB-(colorless and no poladbody, $7.25{\pm}0.77%$). These results showed that selection of polar body extruded oocytes method is more efficient than that of BCB test.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2016

The Autofom is a equipment for predicting the amount of pig carcasses meat using the 16 ultrasonic sensors to measure in real time and it was established in Dodram LPC in Gyeonggi Province of Korea for the first time. This study was carried out to validate the reliability of Autofom statistically and to establish guideline for developing a analytic formula through comparing the measurement between Autofom and dissection. The ham parts of sixty-six pig carcasses were measured with Autofom and by two experimental performers. The weight means and standard deviations of ham parts including bone by measurements with Autofom and dissection were $10.69{\pm}0.81kg$ and $10.77{\pm}0.94kg$, respectively a strong positive correlation (P<0.01) was identified, with a coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of 0.82. The weight means and standard deviations of lean ham parts by measurements with Autofom and dissection were $7.41{\pm}0.58kg$ and $7.42{\pm}0.89kg$, respectively a strong positive correlation (P<0.01) was identified, with a coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of 0.72. The root mean square errors of two groups were 0.40 and 0.50, respectively.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.112-120
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• 2020

본 연구는 Enterococcus faecalis EF-2001 사균체를 발효유에 첨가하였을 시 나타나는 생리활성을 검증하고자 실시하였다. 발효유는 같은 양의 starter만 넣은 일반발효유 NFM, E. faecalis EF-2001 사균체를 100 ㎍/mL의 농도로 첨가한 EFM1, E. faecalis EF-2001 사균체를 500 ㎍/mL의 농도로 넣은 EFM2를 제조하였다. E. faecalis EF-2001 사균체를 발효유 첨가하였을 때 나타나는 항염증 효과를 검증하기 위해 mouse 유래 대식세포인 RAW 264.7 cell을 이용하였다. RAW 264.7 cell을 이용한 세포독성 실험의 결과, 사균의 농도가 높아질수록 세포 생존율이 유의적으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 80% 이상의 세포 생존율을 가지는 농도인 5, 10, 15 ㎍/mL에서 실험을 진행하였다. Nitric oxide의 생성 억제능 측정결과는 LPS 처리군에 비해 발효유에서 NO 생성을 저해하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또한, 일반발효유보다 사균을 첨가한 발효유에서 NO 생성을 더욱 저해하는 결과를 나타내었다. Prostaglandin E₂의 억제율 측정결과도 15 ㎍/mL의 농도에서 PGE₂ 분비량을 감소시킴을 확인하였으며, 일반 발효유보다 사균이 첨가된 발효유에서 더욱 억제됨을 확인하였다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통해 E. faecalis EF-2001 사균체가 발효유에 첨가되어도 염증 매개물질인 NO 및 PGE₂의 생성을 감소시킴으로써 추후 사균체가 첨가된 발효유 제조 및 연구에 대한 기초 연구 결과로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2005

서울대공원에서 사육중인 Miniature horse 10두의 혈통정립을 목적으로 PCR에 의한 성별 판정 및 16개 microsatellite marker를 사용하여 친자감정을 실시하였다. 성별 판정에서 430 bp의 SRY band가 관찰된 7두는 숫말로 판정되었고, 친자감정에서는 멘델의 유전양식에 부합된 3두가 친자관계가 확인되었다. 향후 Miniature horse의 혈통보존 및 관리에 유용한 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2014

Many studies on methane ($CH_4$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions from livestock industries have revealed that livestock production directly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through enteric fermentation and manure management, which causes negative impacts on animal environment sustainability. In the present study, three essential values for GHG emission were measured; i.e., i) maximum $CH_4$ producing capacity at mesophilic temperature ($37^{\circ}C$) from anaerobically stored manure in livestock category ($B_{0,KM}$, Korean livestock manure for $B_0$), ii) $EF_{3(s)}$ value representing an emission factor for direct $N_2O$ emissions from manure management system S in the country, kg $N_2O-N$ kg $N^{-1}$, at mesophilic ($37^{\circ}C$) and thermophilic ($55^{\circ}C$) temperatures, and iii) $N_{ex(T)}$ emissions showing annual N excretion for livestock category T, kg N $animal^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$, from different livestock manure. Static incubation with and without aeration was performed to obtain the $N_2O$ and $CH_4$ emissions from each sample, respectively. Chemical compositions of pre- and post- incubated manure were analyzed. Contents of total solids (% TS) and volatile solid (% VS), and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) decrease significantly in all the samples by C-containing biogas generation, whereas moisture content (%) and pH increased after incubation. A big difference of total nitrogen content was not observed in pre- and post-incubation during $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emissions. $CH_4$ emissions (g $CH_4$ kg VS-1) from all the three manures (sows, layers and Korean cattle) were different and high C/N ratio resulted in high $CH_4$ emission. Similarly, $N_2O$ emission was found to be affected by % VS, pH, and temperature. The $B_{0,KM}$ values for sows, layers, and Korean cattle obtained at $37^{\circ}C$ are 0.0579, 0.0006, and 0.0828 $m^3$ $CH_4$ kg $VS^{-1}$, respectively, which are much less than the default values in IPCC guideline (GL) except the value from Korean cattle. For sows and Korean cattle, $N_{ex(T)}$ values of 7.67 and 28.19 kg N $yr^{-1}$, respectively, are 2.5 fold less than those values in IPCC GL as well. However, $N_{ex(T)}$ value of layers 0.63 kg N $yr^{-1}$ is very similar to the default value of 0.6 kg N $yr^{-1}$ in IPCC GLs for National greenhouse gas inventories for countries such as South Korea/Asia. The $EF_{3(s)}$ value obtained at $37^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ were found to be far less than the default value.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.531-538
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• 2007

본 연구는 소, 돼지, 닭의 부산물인 신장, 간, 기관으로부터 황산콘드로이틴을 추출하고 추출수율을 극대화할 수 있는 추출조건을 탐색하고자 실시하였다. 추출방법은 일반추출방법, 열수추출방법 및 효소가수분해 추출방법을 이용하였으며 각 추출방법에 따른 수율 및 추출물내의 황산 콘드로이틴의 양을 측정하였다. 추출방법간의 비교에서 일반추출법(대조구) 보다 열수추출과 효소가수분해 추출의 수율이 더 높게 나타났으며 유의적인 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 효소가수분해 추출에서 식육부산물 중 가장 높은 값을 나타낸 것은 닭 기관, 소 기관, 소 간 순이었다(P<0.05). 모든 추출방법 간에 있어서 소기관의 황산콘드로이틴 함량이 가장 높았으며 효소가수분해 추출방법에 의한 소기관의 황산콘드로이틴 함량이(21.19±1.82) 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 추출물의 수율에 영향을 미치는 에탄올에 의한 추출물 분별침전에서는 에탄올 농도가 증가할수록 황산콘드로이틴 수율이 증가하였다. 결론적으로 식육부산물로부터 황산콘드로이틴을 추출하는데 있어 효소가수분해방법이 가장 좋은 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to investigate differences in the sensitizing potential of Rhus Veniciflua(Rhus-II), when tested by the guinea pig maximization test(GPMT) and Freund's complete adjuvant test(FCAT) with an identical, intradermal induction concentration. A new grading classification of the sensitization potential is proposed. The GPMT was conducted according to OECD guideline $\#406$, using a multiple-dose design and test results were analysed with logistic regression analysis. During the induction stage, we injected intradermally each three site 0.1 ml(l mg/animal) test material, 0.1 ml complete Freund's adjuvant and 0.lml the test agent emulsified in the adjuvant. 7 days later, we induced weak sensitization with $10\%$ sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) and applide 1ml(l0mg/animal) test agent topically on the same site and made a tight occlusion. 14 days later we challenged with 1 ml(l 0mg/animal) of test material on the flank and observed ant 24 hours and 48 hours later. The results were also observed $0\%$ at 24 hours challenge. The results observed 48 hours after challenge were the identical. These data indicated that, although Rhus-II is a no contact allergen. It was reported that the skin sensitization by Rhus-II was not detected the skin sensitization in the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT). Consequently, it was confirmed that Rhus-II had no contact allergic sensitization in guinea pig maximization test.