• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.369-376
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• 1994

The purpose of this report Is to discribe the radiological findings of traumatic elbow luxation and subluxation of carpal joint which were caused by being hit by a wild animal and forced hyperextension of carpus in two hunting dogs. In case 1, carniocaudal and mediolateral radiographic examination of the elbow joint revealed that the radius that the radius and ulna were completely luxated laterally. The lateral projection showed the humeral condyles overlying the radial head with an absent joint space, but displacement is apparent on the craniocaudal projection. Incidence of collateral ligament rupture in conjunction with elbow luxation was not recognized on physical examination of the limb after closed reduction. Radiographic examination of the elbow made 5 months after closed reduction revealed only mild degenerative joint disease. Radiographic examination of the carpus in case 2 demonstrated palmar subluxation of most carpal joints including antebrachiocarpal, mediocarpal carpometacarpal joints, and some intercarpal joints, and avulsion fracture of the palmar surface of the accessory carpal bone. However, the mediocarpal and carpometacarpal joints were most severely affected by tensile forces of hyperextension, and it was concluded that the ligaments of the middle ca,pal joints and carpometacarpal joints as well as the palmar fibrocartilage were ruptured based on clinical and radiographic findings. In elbow luxation and subluxation of carpal Joints of the dog, differentiation of the joint or joints involved, and ligamentous structures damaged is important in determining whether surgery Is necessary and which procedure is most appropriate. And the radiographic findings of these conditions would be of help to practitioners.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2008

A 3-month-old American Cocker spaniel was presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chungbuk National University, for examination of urinary tract after dissection of vaginal mass at local clinic before 10 days. Clinical examination of the affected bitch revealed a normal sized vulva in a normal anatomical position with a grossly enlarged clitoris, which contained an os clitoris. On examinations of the genital gland, there were testis, epididymis, ductus deferens and uterus. The histology of both gonads was primarily testis. Seminiferous tubules were divided into many parts by fibrous connective tissue. A small number of spermatogonia was present, but large numbers of Leydig's cells were existed. A normal female karyotype (78, XX) was detected in metaphase spreads obtained from cultured peripheral lymphocytes. Y chromosome specific sequences were not detected in genomic DNA by PCR. After 27 months, the os clitoris was larger than 3-month-old dog and os bone was more calcified than young age. Combining the results of cytogenetic, molecular genetic and histological examinations, the dog was diagnosed as a female hermaphrodite with Sry-negative XX sex reversal.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2017

Peripheral ameloblastic odontoma is a rare variant of odontogenic tumor occurring in the extraosseous region. The present report describes a spontaneous tumor in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The clinically confirmed nodule in the right mandibular region was first observed when the rat was 42 weeks and remained until the terminal sacrifice date when the animal was 48 weeks of age. At necropsy, a well demarcated nodule, approximately $2.5{\times}2.0{\times}2.0cm$, protruded from the ventral area of the right mandible. The nodule was not attached to mandibular bone and was not continuous with the normal teeth. Histopathologically, the tumor was characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of an ameloblastomatous component and composite odontoma-like elements within the same tumor. The epithelial portion formed islands or cords resembling the follicle or plexiform pattern typical of ameloblastoma and was surrounded by mesenchymal tissue. Formation of eosinophilic and basophilic hard tissue matrix (dentin and enamel) resembling odontoma was observed in the center of the tumor. Mitotic figures were rare, and areas of cystic degeneration were present. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial component was positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (CK AE1/AE3), and the mesenchymal component and odontoblast-like cells were positive for vimentin, in the same manner as in normal teeth. On the basis of these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a peripheral ameloblastic odontoma in an extraosseous mandibular region in a SD rat. In the present study, we report the uncommon spontaneous peripheral ameloblastic odontoma in the SD rat. We also discuss here the morphological characteristics, origin, histochemical, and immunohistochemical features for the diagnosis of this tumor.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2012

Poncirus trifoliata fruit (PTF) affects the digestive and cardiovascular systems, and kidney function. The authors studied the effects of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of PTF on the activities of osteoblasts and in an animal model. The main compounds of the EtOAc extract, naringin and poncirin have been confirmed by HPLC and NMR analysis. Effects of osteoblastic differentiation were measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteopontin (OPN) protein expression and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Also, osteoclast differentiation was measured by multinucleated cells (MNCs) formation through tartrate resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive staining. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured before and after treatment with EtOAc extract of PTF in prednisolone-induced osteoporotic mice. Dexamethasone (DEX) decreased OPN and OPG expression level in MC3T3-E1 cells and ALP activity was decreased by DEX dose-dependently. EtOAc extract of PTF recovered the levels of ALP activity, and the expression of OPN and OPG in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with DEX. In osteoclast differentiation, multinucleated TRAP-positive cell formation was significantly suppressed by the EtOAc extract of PTF. Total body BMD was restored by EtOAc extract of PTF in prednisolone-induced osteoporotic mice. In conclusion, EtOAc extract of PTF recovered DEX-mediated deteriorations in osteoblastic and osteoclastic functions, and increased BMD in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2008

Objectives : Showing that Bong-Han corpuscles(BHC) are suppliers of the stem cells in adulthood, and the Bong-Han ducts(BHD) are transportation routes of stem cells. Methods : BHC and BHD were obtained from the internal organ-surfaces of rats. The sliced BHC and BHD were immunostained with various stem cell markers. Extracellular matrices were also analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Result : The presence of mesenchymal stem cells was confirmed by the expression of Integrin beta 1, Collagen type 1 and Fibronectin. But CD54 was not expressed. The hematopoietic stem cell marker, Thy 1 was strongly expressed. BHDs showed Collagen type 1, Fibronectin, and vWF expression. Conclusion : Both hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cell markers were expressed strongly in BHC similarly as in bone marrow. An endothelial cell marker(vWF) demonstrated the possibility of the stem cell transportation routes of BHD.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.180-187
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• 2010

Purpose: This study evaluated the spontaneous healing capacity of surgically produced cranial defects in rabbits with different healing periods in order to determine the critical size defect (CSD) of the rabbit cranium. Methods: Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Defects of three sizes (6, 8, and 11 mm) were created in each of 16 randomly selected rabbits, and 15-mm defects were created individually in another 16 rabbits. The defects were analyzed using radiography, histologic analysis, and histometric analysis after the animal was sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, or 12 weeks postoperatively. Four samples were analyzed for each size of defect and each healing period. Results: The radiographic findings indicated that defect filling gradually increased over time and that smaller defects were covered with a greater amount of radiopaque substance. Bony islands were observed at 8 weeks at the center of the defect in both histologic sections and radiographs. Histometrical values show that it was impossible to determine the precise CSD of the rabbit cranium. However, the innate healing capacity that originates from the defect margin was found to be constant regardless of the defect size. Conclusions: The results obtained for the spontaneous healing capacity of rabbit cranial defects over time and the underlying factors may provide useful guidelines for the development of a rabbit cranial model for in vivo investigations of new bone materials.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.469-478
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• 2012

Sex hormones have long been considered to play an important role in bone turnover rate, periodontal diseases, and wound healing. We have studied the effect of porcine testis steroid extract (PTSE), an extract of porcine testes, which holds a good ratio of 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone), testosterone, androstenedione, $17{\beta}$-estradiol, and estrone, on the healing rate of a standardized full-thickness linear wound on the back of the rat. Skin punch or carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) laser methods were used to create the deep skin injury in two groups of animals. The animals were treated with the PTSE cream, control cream and Vaseline (control) to find out the effect in re-epithelialization, contraction, and formation of granulation and scar tissues. Histological examination after 21 days showed 100, 87.4, and 80.5% recovery of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, respectively in the PTSE-treated animals. Similarly, on the 15th day of treatment, complete healing of intact skin was observed in the PTSE cream-treated animals among the laser radiation group. Even though the beginning of re-epithelialization phase and completion of serum crust formation was also observed in the base cream- and Vaseline-treated animals respectively, the complete healing cycle was observed only in the PTSE-treated group. The white blood cell count in the PTSE-treated group showed that PTSE cream is nontoxic to animals.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.129-134
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• 1997

HLA-A2 is one of the most diversified HLA-class I antigen with 17 subtypes so far identified at the molecular level. HLA-A*02 subtyping has significant implications on the tissue typing for organ and bone marrow transplantations. Recently, DNA-based typing methods have been successfully applied to the elucidation of HLA gene polymorphisms. In the present study, HLA-A*O2 genotyping was established by using nested polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) and distribution of A*O2 alleles were determined in Korean individuals. Genomic DNA prepared from four B-lymphoblastoid cell lines and lymphocytes from serologically defined 48 HLA-A2 Korean individuals by phenol/chloroform extractions was typed. The results of the four B-lymphoblastoid cells were consistent with the previous data typed by PCR analysis. Five A*O2 alleles-A*0201, A*0203, A*0206, A*0207 and A*0210-were commonly observed in a total of 17 A*02 alleles. Of these, A*0207 (f=49.0%) was the most frequent allele in Korean population. A*0206 (f=28.3%) and A*0201 (f=17.0%) were also found frequently while A*0203 and A*0210 types were observed in less than 5%. In conclusion, the high level of discrimination for HLA-A*O2 alleles will prove useful and informative in the study of transplant survival, and may identify the importance of allelic differences not readily detectable by serology on host and donor compatibility.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.180-186
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• 1998

A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the phosphorus requirement of juvenile Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Three replicate groups of fish initially averaging 4.2g were fed the semipurified experimental diets containing graded levels of $NaH_2PO_4\;\cdot\;2H_2O$ to provide from $0.1\%$ to $1.32\%$ total phosphorus level in a flow-through seawater system. Korean rockfish muscle and casein were used as the protein sources of the basal diet. Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein retention of fish fed the $0.35\%$ phosphorus were higher than those of fish fed the $0.1\%$ phosphorus, although no significant improvements $(P>0.01)$ were observed above the level. Determined phosphorus requirement using the broken line model was found to be $0.3\%$ for weight gain. Moisture, protein and lipid contents of whole body and muscle were not affected by dietary phosphorus levels $(P>0.01)$. Lipid contents of liver in fish fed the $0.1\%$ phosphorus were lower than those in fish fed the $0.35\%$ and $1.32\%$ phosphorus $(P<0.01)$. Dietary phosphorus increased ash and phosphorus contents of the whole body, while those of bone were not affected $(P>0.01)$. The data obtained in this study indicate that a $0.3\%$ dietaryphosphorus level could be recommended for the optimum growth and efficient nutrient utilization of juvenile Korean rockfish.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2008

Age and growth of the mudskipper, Scartelaos gigas were investigated using the second actinost bone of the pectoral girdle, based on an analysis of 560 individuals collected from the mud flats in south west Korea. Specimens were collected semimonthly from March to September of 2003. Actinost and ring radii of each ring group showed a direct one-to-one relationship, with ring radius increasing in tandem with actinost radius. Monthly change in the marginal indices showed that ring formation occurred between May and July(mainly June), being supported by the monthly change in the gonadosomatic(highest in June) and hepatosomatic(lowest in July) indices. Because the species has not been found since November, when air temperature was less than about $10^{\circ}C$, it is thought to enter to hibernation. Therefore, it was suggested that the two new actinost rings may appear a year: one during the spawning season(May-July) and another during hibernation(since November). Although the growth of S. gigas must be limited to short periods each year from March to April and from August to October, its growth rate was considerably fast. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters of S. gigas were $TL_{\infty}$=179.36 mm, K=0.78 $year^{-1}$, $t_0$=-0.7762, and age-length key were $TL_1$=134.3 mm, $TL_2$=158.6 mm, $TL_3$=169.1 mm, $TL_4$=175.0 mm.