• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.183-186
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• 2004

Various myoglobin derivatives were manufactured in pork and beef ribeye in the laboratory and their colorimetric values were measured with a chromameter. The average values of L＊ and a＊ of pork pigments were higher and b＊ values were lower than those of beef pigments. Oxymyoglobin (bright red) is considered to be a desirable fresh red meat pigment for consumer acceptance. The means of L＊, a＊ and b＊ values of oxymyoglobin were 36.41, 27.32 and 4.71 for pork and 30.54, 25.58 and 9.81 for beef, respectively. Nitrosyl hemochrome, the pigment of processed meat products like sausages and hams had L＊, a＊ and b＊ values of 47.93, 26.85 and 6.63 for pork and 41.82, 23.19 and 11.82 for beef. It was found that as a discoloration developed in meat and the meat color turned to brown, the L＊, b＊ values increased and the a＊ value decreased.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.29
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• pp.13.1-13.11
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• 2014

Objectives This study examined variations in the perceptions of dioxin risk among social groups defined by geographical living location, environmental education, and occupation. Dioxin risk perceptions were analyzed according to values, risk awareness, knowledge, and behavioral preferences. Methods A quasi-experimental survey was designed and conducted on individuals from seven experimental groups in Jeonju city, South Korea, including: people living near incineration facilities; people living far from incineration facilities; governmental experts; non-governmental organization members; office workers in developmental institutes or banks; students who were enrolled in environmental-related classes; and students who were enrolled in business-related classes. Results The results show variations among groups in values, awareness and behavioral preferences. Particular attention should be given to the result that groups with higher connectedness-to-nature values show higher willingness-to-act (WTA) for risk reduction. Result s can be summarized as follows. First, awareness is associated with one's geographical setting. Second, values and WTA behaviors are related to one's environmental-related education and occupation. Third, values are significantly related to WTA behaviors. Conclusions Different cultures, in terms of values or worldview, among groups influence their perceptions of dioxin risk and choices of risk reduction behaviors. It is important to consider values in communicating complicated long-term risk management involving public participation. Further research should be continuously conducted on the effects of multiple dimensions of values on one's WTA for risk reduction behaviors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.376-383
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• 2009

Individual values exert strong influence on attitudes, behaviors and lifestyles of a person. Furthermore, Individual values predict personal world views and can predict behavior and behavioral predispositions in the organization. So, individual values influence the organization strongly. And, organizational culture in police is affected by the values of police officers. The aim of this study is to make use of the theory of human values developed by Rokeach as a theoretical framework to evaluate value preferences among police officers in Korea and have a thorough grasp of the point of sameness and difference with two studies. In this study, I analyze data and make a comparative study of values with preceding studies I find that police officers regard personal values as more important than social values. A noticeable finding of this study is the middle ranking of the value of equality among police officers. It's different result with other studies. And, the value of national security is the low ranking among police officers. It's the same result with preceding studies.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.141-157
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study is to examine the effects of acupuncture at PC7(Daereung) on normal human EEG using power spectral analysis. Methods : EEG power spectrum exhibits site-specific and state-related differences in specific frequency bands. In this study, power spectrum was used as a measure of complexity. 30 subjects (16 males and 14 females; averaged age = 23.4 years) were engaged with thirty channel EEG study. Results : In $\alpha$(alpha) band, the power values at Fp1, Fp2, F7, F8 channels(p<0.05) during PC7 treatment were significantly decreased. But, the power values at Fz channel(p<0.05) during non-acupoint treatment was significantly decreased. In $\beta$(beta) band, the power values at Fp1, Fp2 channels(p<0.05) during PC7 treatment were significantly decreased. But, the power values at Fz channel(p<0.05) during non-acupoint treatment was significantly decreased and at F8, TCP2 channels(p<0.05) during non-acupoint treatment were increased. In $\theta$(theta) band, the power values at Fp1, Fp2, F7, F8 channels(p<0.05) during PC7 treatment were significantly decreased. But, the power values at Fz channel(p<0.05) during non-acupoint treatment was significantly decreased. In $\delta$(delta) band, the power values at Fp1, Fp2, F7, Fz, F8 channels (p<0.05) during PC7 treatment were significantly decreased. But, the power values at Fz channel (p<0.05) during non-acupoint treatment was significantly decreased. $\alpha/\beta$ values during PC7 treatment were decreased. $\beta/\theta$ values during PC7 treatment were decreased. Conclusion : These results suggest that acupuncture at PC7 induce the change on $\alpha$(alpha), $\beta$(beta), $\theta$ (theta), $\delta$(delta) wave values being decreased and and bothe $\alpha/\beta$ and $\beta/\theta$ values being decreased respectively. This is considered that acupuncture at PC7 affects the activity of cerebral cortex and endocrine system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.524-535
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to find out the clothing values and meanings by material values. The researcher used the scales of Richins & Dawson (1992) for Materialism Scale. The scales of Prentice (1987) and Ricllins (1994a, 1994b) for privateand public meanings of clothing. The scales of Prentice (1987) and Richins (1994a, 1994b) for importance clothes of private and public meanings.. The scales of Creekmore (1968) for clothing values. The subjects of this study were 154 girl students in the university. The research materials was analyzed by Frequency, MANOVA and Scheffe test The results of this study were as follows; 1) Higher group of material values had an orientation that emphasizes enjoyment values of clothing in private moaning and seems expensive of clothing in public meaning. 2) All group set a high value on both suits and jeans in clothing of private meanie that meant both interpersonal and enjoyment values and put much worth on both suits and mustang that concerned both costly and brand. 3) Higher group had significantly difference in aesthetic value and political value, and lower had significantly differene ineconomic value and theoretical value.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 1990

The present study was conducted in order to get the relationship of heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis and eosinophils in blood of Jindo dogs. Blood samples were taken from 141( man 31, womam 110) of yellow, 44 ( man 17, woman27) of white Jindo dogs in Jindo area. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows : 1. There were no significant differences of the hematological values in comparison with others reported values, but the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and the number of eosinophils were high in comparison with other reported values. 2. The mean values of total white blood cell count(P<0.05), neutrophil(P<0.05) and monocyte(P< 0.05) were that the yellow dogs and a tendency toward fisher values than the white dogs, but no significant differences were observed. 3. Age-related differences were detected for the total erythrocyte count(P<0.05), hemoglobin content (P<0.001), PCV(P<0.001) and the number of eosinophils(P<0.001). 4. The direct and indirect eosinophil counts were increased with age, there were no significant differences of the values between two groups. 5. Dirofilaria immitis was found in 34(18.4%), increased with age and were relatively significant differences in areas of the 185 Jindo dogs. 6. Survey for hematological values of Dirofilaria immitis infected dogs with direct and indirect method, mean values of eosinophil were 2,788/ ${\mu}l,$ 3,021/ ${\mu}$l, respectively. They showed that eosinophil had a tendency toward higher values than others, but others were no significant differences.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.228-236
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• 2004

Two varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L cv. Pioneer and Beaver) and timothy (Phleum pratense L cv. Climax and Joliette), grown at different locations in Saskatchewan (Canada), were cut at three stages [1=one week before commercial cut (early bud for alfalfa; joint for timothy); 2=at commercial cut (late bud for alfalfa; pre-bloom head for timothy); 3=one week after commercial cut (early bloom for alfalfa; full head for timothy)]. The energy values of forages were determined using three approaches, including chemical (NRC 2001 formula) and biological approaches (standard in vitro and in situ assay). The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of forage variety and stage of maturity on energy values under the climate conditions of western Canada, and to investigate relationship between chemical (NRC 2001 formula) approach and biological approaches (in vitro and in situ assay) on prediction of energy values. The results showed that, in general, forage species (alfalfa vs. timothy) and cutting stage had profound impacts, but the varieties within each species (Pioneer vs. Beaver in alfalfa; Climax vs. Joliette in timothy) had minimal effects on energy values. As forage maturity increased, the energy contents behaved in a quadratic fashion, increasing at stage 2 and then significantly decreasing at stage 3. However, the prediction methods-chemical approach (NRC 2001 formula) and biological approaches (in vitro and in situ assay) had great influences on energy values. The highest predicted energy values were found by using the in situ approach, the lowest prediction value by using the NRC 2001 formula, and the intermediate values by the in vitro approach. The in situ results may be most accurate because it is closest to simulate animal condition. The energy values measured by biological approaches are not predictable by the chemical approach in this study, indicating that a refinement is needed in accurately predicting energy values.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.420-428
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to examine nursing values and attitudes toward nursing professions after fundamental nursing practice education. Method: The participants were 166 first-year students. Values and professional attitude were measured. Results: Nursing values increased to 4.49(${\pm}.42$) after 1st semester and 4.64(${\pm}.35$) after 2nd semester from 4.32(${\pm}.47$) before the education(t=7.71, p= .000). Nursing professional attitude also increased to 3.95(${\pm}.49$) after 1st semester and 4.20(${\pm}.45$) after 2nd semester(t=9.1, p= .000). While voluntary applicants have showed a significant difference in nursing values since they started college education(t=3.34, p=.001), partially voluntarily applicants showed after finishing the 1st semester(t=-3.02, p=.002). Regarding nursing professional attitude of voluntary applicants, there was a significant difference between starting college education(t=2.35, p=.020) and finishing the 1st semester(t=-2.66, p= .008). Interest in fundamental nursing practice had a significant correlation with satisfaction(r=.301, p=.000) and nursing values(r=.163, p=.035). Nursing values had a significant correlation with nursing professional attitude(r=.590, p=.000). Conclusion: The fundamental nursing practice is effective in changing nursing values and nursing professional attitude in students taking the course.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.522-531
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• 2016

Purpose. This study purposed to examine consciousness of biomedical ethics and nursing professional values in nursing students. In addition, by identifying the relationship between consciousness of biomedical ethics and their nursing professional values. Methods. We collected data from 184 nursing students using a structured questionnaire, which were constructed to include Consciousness of biomedical ethics and Nursing professional values. The collected data was analyzed descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients with SPSS 20.0 Results. Average score for consciousness of biomedical ethics in nursing students was $2.92{\pm}.16$ and that of nursing professional values was $3.61{\pm}.34$. Among the sub-areas of consciousness of biomedical ethics, right to life of newborn was highest. In addition, among the sub-area of nursing professional values, The roles of nursing service was highest. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between consciousness of biomedical ethics and their nursing professional values in nursing students. Conclusion. The results of this study indicate that it is necessary to increase the consciousness of biomedical ethics and to encourage nursing professional values.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.658-659
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• 2015

GCM and scenario uncertainties are first investigated for 5 major watersheds (Han River, Paldang dam, Namhan River, Bukhan River and Imjin River watersheds). As a result of this study, it is found that CCSM3-based annual precipitation increases linearly with respect to the 10-year moving average values while CSIRO-based precipitation does not show much of trend. The results from annual DJF mean precipitation show a similar trend with respect to their 10-year moving average values. Both CCSM3- and CSIRO-based annual JJA mean precipitation do not show much of trend toward 21^st century. In general, CCSM3-based precipitation values are slightly higher than CSIRO-based values with respect to their annual and annual JJA mean precipitation values, but CSIRO-based annual DJF mean precipitation values are slightly higher than CCSM3-based values. In case of mean air temperature between CCSM3 and CSIRO during 21^st century, all of results show a clear trend in warming with the passage of time for 5 watersheds. However the upward trends from CCSM3-based values slow down toward end of 21^stcentury while CSRIO-based values increases almost linearly.