• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the design characteristic of the facade of the main adminstration building in university. The main administration building which is a basic of educational facilities has various administration setups, such as the register's office, the student affairs section, the planing department, the general affair's office and so on. This building performs academic, administration, facilities management, and admissions service. Also, the building has an ideological, historical, and symbolic image, having an organic relationships with the other educational facilities. This study choose one hundred seven universities, except universities that does not provide information easily and the second campus which does not have the main administration building, as the subjects of the study. The analysis is derived from the design elements applied to facade design of the main administration building and this is divided into design principles(balance symmetry, contrast, rhythm), the formal composition(geometrical, linear), and the style of architecture(classical architecture and modern architecture). The results of the research are summarized as follows: The design characteristic of the facade of the main adminstration building in university has chronologically changed. First of all, in the 1940's, symmetry emphasized on the center of building, superimposition, division, pediment, and arch were marked. Then, superimposition was prominent in the 1950's and symmetry emphasized on the center of building was shown in the 1960s again. Flat roof was in the 1970's, 1990s and 2000's. Finally, pediment was dominant in the 1980's. The design elements of the main administration building can be samples of chronological styles of architecture. Facade design, with proper design of the past and recent times, includes the meaning that achieve the great purpose of the university by emphasizing visual images.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2012

Purpose: The study was performed to compare patients with anatomical variations in facial asymmetry with patients in the normal range using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to take the preoperative condition into consideration in the case of a sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Methods: The study was conducted on 46 adult patients composed of 2 subdivided groups, an asymmetry group (n=26) and a symmetry group (n=20). The asymmetry group was divided between patients with hemimandibular hyperplasia (HH, n=8) and hemimandibular elongation (HE, n=18). Using cross-sectional computed tomography images, the thickness of cancelleous bone in the buccal area of the mandible, thickness of buccal cortex in the buccal aspect of the mandible, thickness of cancellous bone in the inferior aspect of the mandible, thickness of buccal cortex in the inferior aspect of the mandible, and cross-sectional surface area of the mandible were measured. Results: In the asymmetry group, the cross-sectional area of the mandible including the inferior alveolar nerve positioned on the affected side was significantly different from the symmetry group. Thickness of cancelleous bone in the buccal aspect of the mandible, thickness of cancelleous bone in the inferior aspect of the mandible, and cross-sectional surface area of the mandible in the affected site of hemimandibular hyperplasia was significantly smaller than in the symmetry group. Conclusion: The inferior alveolar nerve runs lower and in a more buccal direction and shows a smaller cross-sectional surface of the mandible in the hemimandibular hyperplasia patients with asymmetry.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.274-279
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the change of static and dynamic foot pressure on trunk stabilization exercise in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Methods: This study examined five male children participants ages 10~14 years old with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. All subjects participated in a 6-week sling exercise program for trunk stabilization; the exercise was performed three times per week and each session lasted 50 minutes. The subjects were measured for static and dynamic foot pressure and bilateral symmetry of both feet before and after the trunk stabilization exercise. Results: The static foot pressure increased significantly before and after the trunk stabilization exercise (left foot: before $0.41{\pm}0.02%BW/cm^2$ after $0.79{\pm}0.02%BW/cm^2$, right foot: before $0.14{\pm}0.03%BW/cm^2$, after $0.43{\pm}0.44%BW/cm^2$) (p<0.05) and bilateral symmetry of both feet increased (before $0.27{\pm}0.18%BW/cm^2$, after $0.37{\pm}0.05%BW/cm^2$) with more weight shift on left foot than right foot, but was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The dynamic foot pressure increased (left foot: before $2.58{\pm}0.44%BW/cm^2$, after $3.40{\pm}0.31%BW/cm^2$, right foot: before $2.75{\pm}0.19%BW/cm^2$, after $3.26{\pm}0.18%BW/cm^2$) with more weight shift on right foot than left foot, but was not statistically significant (p>0.05), and bilateral symmetry of both feet decreased (before $0.31{\pm}0.36%BW/cm^2$, after $0.13{\pm}0.20%BW/cm^2$) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the trunk stabilization exercise has a positive impact on static and dynamic foot pressure in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2019

Background The masseter nerve is a useful donor nerve for reconstruction in patients with established facial palsy, with numerous advantages including low morbidity, a strong motor impulse, high reliability, and fast reinnervation. In this study, we assessed the results of masseter nerve-innervated free gracilis muscle transfer in established facial palsy patients. Methods Ten patients with facial palsy who received treatment from January 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled in this study. Three patients received masseter nerve-only free gracilis transfer, and seven received double-innervated free gracilis transfer (masseter nerve and a cross-face nerve graft). Patients were evaluated using the Facial Assessment by Computer Evaluation software (FACEgram) to quantify oral commissure excursion and symmetry at rest and when smiling after muscle transfer. Results The mean time between surgery and initial movement was roughly 167.7 days. A statistically significant increase in excursion at rest and when smiling was seen after muscle transfer. There was a significant increase in the distance of oral commissure excursion at rest and when smiling. A statistically significant increase was observed in symmetry when smiling. Terzis' functional and aesthetic grading scores showed significant improvements postoperatively. Conclusions Masseter nerve innervation is a good option with many uses in in established facial palsy patients. For some conditions, it is the first-line treatment. Free gracilis muscle transfer using the masseter nerve has excellent results with good symmetry and an effective degree of recovery.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of balance exercises accompanied by ankle fixation on the healthy side on the balance control ability and gait of patients with subacute stroke. METHODS: The study was conducted on 23 patients with subacute stroke. Eleven people were assigned randomly to the experimental group who performed balance exercises with ankle fixation on the healthy side, and 12 were assigned to the control group who performed balance exercises without ankle fixation. The intervention was conducted for 30 minutes three times a week for four weeks. The Berg Balance Scale, a weight-bearing ratio measurement, was performed to evaluate the balance ability before and after intervention. The gait symmetry, walking speed, cadence, step length, and 10-meter walk test were conducted to evaluate the walking ability. RESULTS: A significant difference in the Berg Balance Scale was observed between before and after the intervention in the experimental group. A comparison of the two groups also revealed a significant difference. Significant differences in the gait symmetry, walking speed, and step length measurements were observed before and after the intervention in the experimental group, and significant differences in the gait symmetry and step length measurements were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Through this study, balance exercises with the healthy side ankle fixed showed qualitative improvement in the balance and walking ability, suggesting future directions for the rehabilitation treatment of stroke patients.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill walking training using the metronome on the gait pattern. METHODS: A total of 33 healthy persons were studied consisting of 17 female and 16 male in the 20-30 age group. A gait analysis program was installed on a treadmill with a built - in gait analysis sensor and laptop. After 9 minutes of treadmill walking, gait analysis was performed for 1 minute. The mean values of the differences in the step length, angle of COP, separation line standard deviation and step force of the lower legs affecting walking symmetry were calculated for treadmill walking and treadmill walking using the metronome. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test the normality of the collected data and a paired t-test was performed to analyze the difference in walking before and after using the metronome. RESULTS: As a result of the analysis, the mean of difference between the measured values of the bilateral lower extremity for step length, angle of COP, separation line standard deviation and step force were statistically significant before and after treadmill walking using the metronome. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the treadmill walking training using the metronome is effective in decreasing the difference in the foot width, gait angle, gait distribution, and foot pressure. Because of this, the treadmill walking training using the metronome has a significant effect on walking symmetry among the elements for correct walking, which is a means for enabling efficient and continuous walking.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2022

The phase transition temperatures of CsCoCl₃·2H₂O crystals are investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Three endothermic peaks at temperatures of 370 K (=T_C1), 390 K (=T_C2), and 416 K (=T_C3) were observed for phase transitions from CsCoCl₃·2H₂O to CsCoCl₃·1.5H₂O, to CsCoCl₃·H₂O, and then to CsCoCl₃·0.5H₂O, respectively. In addition, the spin-lattice relaxation time T_1ρ in the rotating frame and T₁ in the laboratory frame as well as changes in chemical shifts for ¹H and ¹³³Cs near T_C1 were found to be temperature dependent. Our analyses results indicated that the changes of chemical shifts, T_1ρ, and T₁ are associated with structural phase transitions near temperature T_C1. The changes of chemical shifts, T_1ρ, and T₁ near T_C1 were associated with structural phase transitions, owing to the changes in the symmetry of the structure formed of H₂O and Cs⁺ ions. Consequently, the structural symmetry in CsCoCl₃·2H₂O crystals based on temperature is discussed by the environments of their H and Cs nuclei.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to examine, in stroke patients, differences between backward walking training applied on a treadmill and the same training applied on the ground. Methods: Twenty seven stroke patients were divided into a treadmill backward walking group of 14 patients and a ground backward walking group of 13 subjects. Each group performed their respective training method for 8 weeks (15 min per day, 4 days a week). Walking ability was measured using a 10 m MWS (Maximal Walking Speed) test and the GAITRite system to examine changes in walking. Cadence, stridelength, step time, step length and symmetry index of the less affected side were measured to examine changes in stance phase of the lower extremity of the more affected side. Results: 10 m MWS, cadence, stride length, step time and step length of the less affected side significantly increased and symmetry index significantly decreased after training in both groups. The treadmill backward walking group experienced a significantly greater increase in step time and step length and a significantly greater decrease in symmetry index than the ground backward walking group. Conclusion: The two walking training methods were effective for improving stability in stance phase of the lower extremity of the more affected side, but the treadmill method was more effective. The present study is meaningful in that it analyzed the effects of backward walking training methods on walking and the differences of the training methods to provide information necessary for effective treatment of stroke patients.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 보행 시 발생되는 근전도를 이용하여 보행 시 보행불균형 상태를 판단하고자 한다. 보행불균형 상태 판단시스템의 실효성 확인을 위해 인코더와 가속도, 근전도 센서 기반의 보행 불균형 판단 시스템을 제안한다. 건강한 성인 남성 10 명을 대상으로 실험을 진행하였다. 보행 신호를 획득하기 위해 고관절과 슬관절에 인코더 센서를 부착하고, 발목에 가속도 센서, 외측광근과 전경골근에 근전도 센서를 부착하였다. 보행 불균형을 판단하기위해 SI(Symmetry Index)를 사용하였다. 정상보행과 불균형보행을 측정하기 위해 한쪽 발에 인위적으로 1.5 cm의 굽을 추가해가며 0 cm부터 6 cm까지 5번의 실험을 반복하였다. 인코더와 근전도의 경우 0 cm의 정상보행과 1.5 cm의 불균형보행을 정상보행으로 판단하였고 3 cm와 4.5 cm, 6 cm의 불균형보행은 불균형보행으로 판단하였다. 가속도의 경우 0 cm와 1.5 cm, 3 cm의 불균형보행을 정상보행으로 판단하였고 4.5 cm와 6 cm의 불균형보행을 불균형보행으로 판단하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.504-511
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• 2003

논리회로 합성에서 함수의 대칭성을 이용하여 면적이나 시간 지연을 최소화하는 문제는 많은 시간동안 연구되어 왔다. 본 논문은 최근 들어 면적이나 시간지연 보다도 더 중요하게 여겨지는 전력 소모를 최소화하는데, 회로 대칭성이 어떻게 이용되는 지에 대한 연구를 소개한다. 이 논문에서 회로의 대칭성에 대한 폭넓은 정의를 소개하고, 각 대칭성간의 관계에 대해 논의하며, 각 회로의 대칭성이 어떻게 전력을 줄이는데 유용할 수 있는지에 대해 논의한다. 또한, 회로에 존재하는 주 입력(primary input)과 내부 노드사이에 존재하는 대칭성을 찾아내는 알고리즘을 소개한다. 이 논문에서 소개하는 알고리즘의 특징은 첫째, 면적이나 속도지연의 증가가 거의 없이, 전력 소모를 줄여주는 효과적인 재합성 기법이란 것이다. 둘째, 대부분의 다른 휴리스틱(heuristic) 알고리즘과는 달리, 회로의 스위칭 (switching) 양에 있어 단조 향상(monotonic improvement)을 보장한다. 이미 잘 알려진 바와 같이 CMOS 회로에서는 스위칭 양이 전력소모에 대부분을 차지하므로, 알고리즘의 적용 후에 회로가 전력 소모 면에서 계속적인 향상을 이룰 수 있게 한다는 점에서 매우 효과적이라 하겠다. 알고리즘의 효과를 검증하기 위해서, MCNC 벤치마크 회로를 이용하여 실험을 시행하였고, 실험 결과, 속도나 면적에 대한 오버헤드가 거의 없으면서 평균 12%의 전력 소모를 줄일 수 있었다.