• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.60 no.2
• /
• pp.239-253
• /
• 2020

In this paper, we will find a Seifert matrix for a class of pretzel links with a certain symmetry. Using the symmetry, we find formulae for the Alexander polynomials, determinants and signatures of the pretzel links.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2000

The T-ideal of F(X) generated by $x^{n}$ for all x $\in$ X, is generated also by the symmetric polynomials. For each symmetric poly-nomial, there corresponds one row of the incidence matrix. Finding the nilpotency of nil-algebra of nil-index n is equivalent to determining the smallest integer N such that the (n, N)-incidence matrix has rank equal to N!. In this work, we show that the (n, (equation omitted)$^{(1,....,n)}$-incidence matrix is center-symmetric.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.04a
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 2006

A chi-squared test of multivariate normality is suggested which is mainly focused on detecting deviations from elliptical symmetry. This test uses Mahalanobis distances of observations to have some power for deviations from multivariate normality. We derive the limiting distribution of the test statistic by a conditional limit theorem. A simulation study is conducted to study the accuracy of the limiting distribution in finite samples. Finally, we compare the power of our method with those of other popular tests of multivariate normality under two non-normal distributions.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2022

In the present paper, we have studied conformal Ricci solitons on f-Kenmotsu manifolds of dimension three. Also we have studied 𝜙-Ricci symmetry, 𝜂-parallel Ricci tensor, cyclic parallel Ricci tensor and second order parallel tensor in f-Kenmotsu manifolds of dimension three admitting conformal Ricci solitons. Finally, we give an example.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
• /
• v.26 no.11
• /
• pp.1353-1362
• /
• 1999

그래프 드로잉이란 추상적인 그래프를 시각적으로 구성하여 2차원 평면상에 그려주는 작업으로 대칭성은 그래프 드로잉시 고려해야 하는 미적 기준들 중에서 그래프의 구조 및 특성을 표현해주는 가장 중요한 기준이다. 그러나 일반 그래프에서 대칭성을 찾아 그려 주는 문제는 NP-hard로 증명이 되어 있기 때문에 현재까지는 트리, 외부평면 그래프, 직병렬 유향 그래프나 평면 그래프 등으로 대상을 한정시켜 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 병렬 컴퓨터나 컴퓨터 네트워크 구조를 가시화 시키기 위하여 많이 사용되는 그래프인 상호연결망(interconnection network)의 대칭성을 분석하고 분석된 대칭성을 최대로 보여주는 대칭 드로잉 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 그리고 이를 기반으로 하여 상호연결망의 기존 드로잉 방법들과 본 논문에서 제안한 대칭 드로잉 등 다양한 드로잉을 지원하는 WWW 기반의 상호연결망 드로잉 시스템을 구현하였다.Abstract Graph drawing is constructing a visually-informative drawing of an abstract graph. Symmetry is one of the most important aesthetic criteria that clearly reveals the structures and the properties of graphs. However, the problem of finding geometric symmetry in general graphs is NP-hard. So the previous work has focused on the subclasses of general graphs such as trees, outerplanar graphs, series-parallel digraphs and planar graphs.In this paper, we analyze the geometric symmetry on the various interconnection networks which have many applications in the design of computer networks, parallel computer architectures and other fields of computer science. Based on these analysis, we develope algorithms for constructing the drawings of interconnection networks which show the maximal symmetries.We also design and implement Interconnection Network Drawing System (INDS) on WWW which supports the various drawings including the conventional drawings and our suggested symmetric drawings.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.39-54
• /
• 2012

Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) has been planted as one of the key infrastructures with an overall improvement in standards of medical informationization and the stream of digital hospitalization in recent days. The kind and data of digital medical imagery are also increasing rapidly in volume. This trend emphasizes the medical image compression for storing large-scale medical image data. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM), de facto standard in digital medical imagery, specifies Run Length Encode (RLE), which is the typical lossless data compressing technique, for the medical image compression. However, the RLE is not appropriate approach for medical image data with bilateral symmetry of the human organism. we suggest two preprocessing algorithms that detect interested area, the minimum bounding rectangle, in a medical image to enhance data compression efficiency and that re-code image pixel values to reduce data size according to the symmetry characteristics in the interested area, and also presents an improved image compression technique for brain CT imagery with high bilateral symmetry. As the result of experiment, the suggested approach shows higher data compression ratio than the RLE compression in the DICOM standard without detecting interested area in images.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2011

In this paper, it is proposed for algorithm to detect human efficiently using a edge symmetry and gradient directional characteristics in realtime by the feature extraction in a single input image. Proposed algorithm is composed of three stages, preprocessing, region partition of human candidates, verification of candidate regions. Here, preprocessing stage is strong the image regardless of the intensity and brightness of surrounding environment, also detects a contour with characteristics of human as considering the shape features size and the condition of human for characteristic of human. And stage for region partition of human candidates has separated the region with edge symmetry for human and size in the detected contour, also divided 1st candidates region with applying the adaboost algorithm. Finally, the candidate region verification stage makes excellent the performance for the false detection by verifying the candidate region using feature vector of a gradient for divided local area and classifier. The results of the simulations, which is applying the proposed algorithm, the processing speed of the proposed algorithms is improved approximately 1.7 times, also, the FNR(False Negative Rate) is confirmed to be better 3% than the conventional algorithm which is a single structure algorithm.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.389-399
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of muscle asymmetry of knee joint among elite cyclists on anaerobic pedaling power related capacity. In another word, based on isokinetic strength of Non-Dominant, ND and Dominant, D, side, high, moderate and low ratio of ND to D were classified as High Symmetry Group, Moderate Symmetry Group and Asymmetry Group, respectively. Analysis of muscle asymmetry of extensor's ND and D side might not lead to any difference between the three groups. Based on muscle strength analysis of the flexor's ND and D, there was statistical difference between the groups in ND flexor and in the muscle balance index of the flexor muscle. This result also leads to significant difference in pedaling power functionality, but this effects might not lead to any negative pedaling power. Therefore, among even cyclists who may show almost the same recruitment pattern of ND and D side during pedaling stroke muscle asymmetry could exist but this phenomena might not negatively contribute to the pedaling capacity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.30 no.4 s.59
• /
• pp.719-728
• /
• 1997

To guarantee the inter-reviewer reliability is very important in evaluating the quality of large number of clinical research papers by multiple reviewers. We cannot find reports on statistical methods for evaluating reliability for multiple raters in clinical research field. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the statistical methods focused on kappa statistic and five kinds of loglinear models for, which can be applied when evaluating the reliability of multiple raters. We have applied these methods to the result of a project, in which seven reviewers have evaluated the quality of 33 papers with regard to four aspects of paper contents including study hypothesis, study design, study population, study method, data analysis and interpretation. Among the five loglinear models including Symmetry model, Conditional symmetry model, Quasi-symmetry model, Independence model, and Quasi-independence model, Quasi-symmetry model shows the best model of fitting. And the level of reliability among seven reviewers revealed to be acceptable as meaningful.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2024

This study was to assessment of quality assurance (QA) and noise characteristics of Noise Power Spectrum (NPS) according to the time of by using electronic portal imaging device (EPID) for LINAC (Linear Accelerator). LINAC device was (Varian Clinac^R iX LINAC, USA) used and the were 40 × 30 cm² of detector size were 1024 × 768 photo-electric diode array size. Signal could be obtained the K-space image of white noise images for NPS and we used to Overlap, Non-Overlap, Out of Penumbra, Flatness, Symmetry, Symmetry Rt, Lt methods. The 2013s NPS image Out of Penumbra quantitatively value more than 2013s NPS image Symmetry Rt, Lt methods quantitatively NPS based on the frequency of 1.0 mm^-1. Thus, the 2022s NPS image Out of Penumbra quantitatively value more than 2022s NPS image Symmetry Rt, Lt methods quantitatively NPS based on the frequency of 1.0 mm^-1. The assessment of comparison of white noise for NPS image noise and intensity of this study were to that should be used efficiently of the LINAC EPID detector system for Overlap method for International Electro-technical Commission (IEC).