• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.643-651
• /
• 2007

The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis postulates an inverted-U shaped relationship between GDP per capita and various pollutants. Pollutants emission increases up to a certain level as income goes up; after that, it decreases. This paper investigates the relationship between industry pollutants taking industrial sulfur dioxide omission as example, and economic growth by using province-panel data set from 1989 to 2004 in 28 provinces of P. R. China. The result shows that the EKC hypothesis may be supported in the case of industrial sulfur dioxide, and the GDP per capital of turning point is about RMB 13,548 (at 1978 price). Except Shanghai, all the provinces GDP per capital in this study are less than RMB 13,548, indicating the amount of industrial sulfur dioxide emission will be increasing in the near future. To realize sustainable development and pollutants abatement, the central and local government should adopt an integrated strategy to protect environment.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2013

As people make efforts on accident prevention, the number of accidents has decreased over the years, however the number of fatal major industry accidents has rather increased, which resulted in the increase of the number of deaths in total. Under these conditions, there is an attempt to introduce and perform the safety vocational education system as a means for preventing major industry accidents. Therefore, in this paper, we analyse vocational education of manufacturing industry from the safety's point of view and suggest the efficient techniques measuring and managing each safety management. Proposed techniques show that the specification on safety determines weight through the managers of firms and each process is suggested by using SN ratio.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.8-18
• /
• 2011

To have effective treatment for shoulder arm pain, we searched the cause, symptom, etiology, classification of the pain areas, acupuncture points, and muscles along the meridians, and acquired the following results. Shoulder-pain is mainly divided into the malfunction of viscera and entrails, damage due to the weakness of essence and qi, abnormal status of muscle function, change of joints, disease in the nerve and vessel, and the internal injury due to seven modes of emotions. Pain of shoulder joints are pain in the local area of shoulder joints, referred pain of shoulder, neck, and shoulder-arm, numbnes and swelling of muscle, and muslce weakness. Shoulder-arm pain is classified as four types of pain: shoulder-joint pain, shoulder-back pain, shoulder-chest pain, and shoulder-arm-elbow pain. And shoulder-arm-elbow pain is again divided into the shoulder-blade pain, shoulder-arm pain, shoulder-elbow pain. The related meridians on shoulder pain are the three yin meridians of hand, Kidney Meridian, Conception Meridian, three yang meridians of hand, Bladder Meridian, Governor Meridian Acupuncture points for shoulder pain are in the acupuncture points of the 10 meridians and a-shi points. Thre related meridian muscles on shoulder-pain are the three yin and yang meridians of hand, and their related muscles are the ones that are connected with the front, back, and chest side muscles of shoulder joints, and the ones that are connected with the front and back side muscles of arm.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.241-255
• /
• 2005

Objectives : In order to comprehend and utilize external therapy, we considered that we needed to research Wu Shi-Ji who was a medical specialist of external therapy. We looked at the special study on external therapy in his book, ${\ll}li-yao-pian-wen{\gg}$, especially ; in this part his generai approach to external therapy was well-detaiied. Methods : We translated and analyzed . Results : In , he gives a supplementary explanation about the insufficient attention paid to external therapy, 膏(gao) - (ti) 坐(zuo) (yu) 抹(mo) 纏法(chan fa), through San Jiao(三焦). And he insisted on his conception of external therapy: ointment(膏) and the moth of sneezing, sitting on herbs(坐), steaming or attaching herbs patients's navel, rubbing(抹) and binding(縛), based on ${\ll}nei-jing{\gg}$ and ${\ll}shang-han-lun{\gg}$. He put forward the general rules of external therapy using those methods. And through , he explained that the efficacy of his external therapy was basically the same as internal therapy and medicine, the only difference was in the method. In addition, this external therapy has some merits when compared with internal medicine. First, it's easier to diagnose a disease and treat patients compared to internal medicine. For instance, when a patient has a problem with his abdomen, we just have to diagnose a disease of the abdomen and treat using one method of external therapy on the abdomenal area. Second, external therapy has fewer side effects. And third, we can utilize the meridian theory when we use external therapy. Conclusions : Through , we basically understood his conception of external therapy. Although more research is needed, we suggest that we need to enlarge our usage of external therapy, not just confine ourselves to smaller areas of focus. His point of view suggests that external therapy is not merely an adjunct to internal therapy, but an interdependent course of study and action in its own right.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한용접접합학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 개요집
• /
• pp.326-328
• /
• 2005

High speed rotational arc sensing is an important method to detect the torch deviation during automatic seam tracking of arc welding. In this paper, a mathematic model of high speed rotational arc sensing is analyzed. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. The current waveforms at the beginning of the welding are different from those at middle of the welding because of the formation of the weld bead profile. The signal patterns for seam tracking and end-point detection are proposed. A phase shift between the rotation and the current variation is also discovered in the experiments.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제28권12호
• /
• pp.719-724
• /
• 2018

Cordierite composed of an alumina-silica-magnesia compound has a low coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) and excellent thermal shock resistance. It also has a low dielectric constant and high electrical insulation. However, due to low mechanical strength, it is limited for use in a ceramic heater. In this study, $ZrO_2$ is added to an 80 wt% cordierite-20 wt% mullite composition, and the effect of $ZrO_2$ addition on the mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance is investigated. With an increasing addition of $ZrO_2$, cordierite-mullite formed $ZrO_2$, $ZrSiO_4$ and spinel phases. With sintering conducted at $1400^{\circ}C$ with the addition of 5 wt% $ZrO_2$ to 80 wt% cordierite-20 wt% mullite, the most dense microstructure forms along with an excellent mechanical strength with a 3-point flexural strength of 238MPa. When this composition is quenched in water at ${\Delta}T=400^{\circ}C$, the 3-point flexural strength is maintained. Moreover, when this composition is cooled from $800^{\circ}C$ to air, the 3-point flexural strength is maintained even after 100 cycles. In addition, the CTE is measured as $3.00{\times}10^{-6}{\cdot}K^{-1}$ at $1000^{\circ}C$. Therefore, 80 wt% cordierite-20 wt% mullite with 5 wt% $ZrO_2$ is considered to be appropriate as material for a ceramic heater.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2009

Objective: The objective of this study is to observe the effect of anti-inflammatory herbal acupuncture on the Supraspinatus Tendinosis and subdeltoid bursitis Methods : Anti-inflammatory herbal acupuncture, A-Shi Point, Sa-am acupunture were used to treat shoulder pain. We evaluated the patient through VAS(Visual Analog Scale) daily and Physical Examinations Results & Conclusions : After 12 days of treatment, shoulder pain was decreased from VAS9 to VAS1 and the patient showed nearly full ROM(range of movement). In shoulder pain, oriental treatment is good method for pain relief and better movement.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.74-79
• /
• 1972

The semiconductivity of polycrystalline $Cu_2O$ has been studied between $220^{\circ}C$ and $680^{\circ}C under partial pressures of oxygen from $4.06{\times}10^{-3}\;to\;10^{-5 }\;mmHg$. The plots of log conductivity vs 1/T at constant oxygen pressure were found to be linear, and the activation energies obtained from the slopes of these plots above the first transition point showed that the energies were greater under high oxygen pressure than under low pressure. The transition points between the stable range and the unstable range of $Cu_2O$ were found from the curves. The dependence of the semiconductivity on the $O_2$ pressure, in the above temperature range, is shown hysteresis.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2009

Objective: The objective of this study is to observe the effect of anti-inflammatory herbal acupuncture on the Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Methods : Anti-inflammatory herbal acupuncture, A-Shi Point, Sa-am acupunture were used to treat shoulder pain & ROM(range of movement)disorder, chest pain, finger's causalgic pain. We evaluated the patient through VAS(Visual Analog Scale) daily and Physical Examinations Results & Conclusions : After 42days of treatment, shoulder pain was decreased from VAS10 to VAS3, chest pain was decreased from VAS10 to VAS1.5, finger's causalgic pain was decreased from VAS10 to VAS2.5. and the patient showed that the ROM(range of movement) of shoulder was better, oriental treatment is good method for pain relief and better movement.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2014

최근 들어, 다층 건물 내 층간 위치 측위(Floor Determination)는 다양한 위치 기반 응용 서비스를 만족하기 위해 빠르게 해결해야 되는 문제가 되었다. 본 논문에서는 다층 건물 환경에서 Wi-Fi 신호를 기반으로 한 저복잡도 층간 위치 측위 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법에서는 WAP(Wireless Access Point)에 대한 자세한 좌표 정보가 필요 없이, 사용자 단말기에 나온 각 WAP의 층수와 각 WAP의 수신 신호 세기(Received Signal Strength) 값만을 이용한다. 제안 기법의 성능을 검증하기 위해 본 논문에서는 Multi-Wall-Floor 모델을 사용하였으며, 모의실험 결과를 통해 각층의 WAP 배치 밀도가 충분히 높을 경우 제안 기법의 정확도가 100%에 도달함을 보였다. 그리고 각층의 WAP 수가 적은 경우에서도 우수한 층간 위치 측위 성능을 보였으며, 특히 심지어 WAP 가 하나도 없는 층이 있어도 층간 위치 측위가 가능한 것을 보임으로써 제안된 기법의 우수성을 확인하였다.