• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2012

A 11b 100KS/s Algorithmic ADC for Digital PFC controller is proposed. The proposed Algorithmic ADC structure for 11bit resolution is based on a cyclic architecture to reduce chip area and power consumption. The prototype Algorithmic ADC implemented with a 0.18um 1Poly-3Metal CMOS process shows a SNDR 66.7dB and ENOB 10.78bits. And the current consumption is about 780uA at 100KS/s and 5V. The occupied active die area is $0.27mm^2$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.763-769
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• 2007

This study compared the performance of a bioscrubber, a biofilter, and a combined system of bioscrubber and biofilter employed being operated at the laboratory-scale. for the removal of hydrogen sulfide. The bioscrubber maintained 100% removal of hydrogen sulfide up to inlet load of $56\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}hr$, while the removal efficiency was decreased with the increase of inlet load. The biofilter showed 100% removal efficiency up to inlet load of $126\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}h$ and the maximum elimination capacity of $126\;g\;S/m^3{\cdot}h$ for the inlet load of $224\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}h$. On the other hand, the combined system of bioscrubber and biofilter showed 100% removal for an inlet hydrogen sulfide load of up to $85\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}h$ and the maximum elimination capacity of $153\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}h$ for inlet loads of $224\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}h$.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.485-491
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of three condensable composite resins and one hybrid composite resin. The compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, Vicker's microhardness were tested for mechanical properties of condensable composite resins (SureFil, Ariston pHc, Synergy compact), and hybrid composite resin (Z 100). The tested materials were divided into four groups: control group Z 100 (3M Co. USA), experimental group I Ariston pHc, (Vivadent, Co., Liechtenstein) experimental group II SureFil (Dentsply, Co., U.S.A.), experimental group III Synergy Compact (Coltene, Co., Swiss). According to the above classification, we made samples of SureFil, Ariston pHc, Synergy Compact, Z 100 with separable cylindrical metal mold. And then, we measured and compared the value of compressive strength, diametral tensile strength and Vicker's microhardness of each sample. (omitted)

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1850-1855
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• 2004

The purpose of this report is to investigate the electroacupuncture effect on the cholinergic neuronal activation in the hippocampal CA1 section. The electroacupuncture was performed on S36 of white rats and its consequencies were investigated by immunohistochemical method. Hippocampal CA1 sections of Sprague Dawley white male rats electroacupunctured on S36 at 20㎐ and 100㎐ are stained by cresyl violet to show that the values of 100㎐ and 20㎐ group increased significantly compared to sham group's one. Especially, 100㎐ group shows stronger neuronal activation compared to 20㎐ group. Induction of AChE, a neurotransmitter, in hippocampal CA1 is increased significantly in 100㎐ and 20㎐ group compared to sham group. Especially 20㎐ group shows higher AChE immunoreaction than 100㎐ does, although it wasn't significant enough. Induction of NGF(Nerve Growth Factor) in hippocampal CA1 sections was observed higher in 20㎐ and 100㎐ group than in sham group. Especially, 20㎐ group shows higher NGF immunoreaction compared to 100㎐. The facts above indicate that the eletroacupucture is effect to the cholinergic neuronal activation of hippocampus induced by focal ischemia.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.630-636
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• 2006

Scale down of semiconductor gate pattern will make progress centrally line width into transistor according to the high integration and high density of flash memory semiconductor. Recently, the many researchers are in the process of developing research for using the ONO(oxide-nitride-oxide) technology for the gate pattern give body to line breadth of less 100 nm. Therefore, etch rate and etch profile of the line width detail of less 100 nm affect important factor in a semiconductor process. In case of increasing of the platen power up to 50 W at the ICP etcher, etch rate and PR selectivity showed good result when the platen power of ICP etcher has 100 W. Also, in case of changing of HBr gas flux at the platen power of 100 W, etch rate was decreasing and PR selectivity is increasing. We founded terms that have etch rate 320 nm/min, PR selectivity 3.5:1 and etch slope have vertical in the case of giving the platen power 100 W and HBr gas 35 sccm at the ICP etcher. Also notch was not formed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.397-407
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• 2022

This study investigated the collagen and texture properties of commonly consumed sliced raw fish species (CC-SRF) [olive flounder (OF), red seabream (RS), Atlantic salmon (AS), coho salmon (CoS) and sockeye salmon (SS)] distributed in Korea as sliced raw fishes. The crude lipid contents of CC-SRF were 5.5% for OF, 6.8% for RS, 18.5% for AS, 16.1% for CoS, and 5.7% for SS. The collagen content and solubility from CC-SRF were 622 mg/100 g and 78.0%, respectively, in OF, 270 mg/100 g and 75.6%, respectively, in RS, 237 mg/100 g and 24.1%, respectively, in AS, 341 mg/100 g and 65.7%, respectively, in CoS, and 246 mg/100 g and 17.9%, respectively, in SS. The texture of CC-SRF was affected by the lipid content, collagen content, acid solubility, hydroxylation, and cross linkage degree. The highest hardness of CC-SRF was obtained from OF, followed by RS, SS, AS and CoS. There was, however, no difference (P>0.05) in hardness between OF and RS and between AS and CoS.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1984

Formation and regeneration of protoplasts by Novozym 234 from Kluyveromyces fragilis N100 and Candida pseudotropicalis CBS607 were studied. This enzyme was more effective on cells grown at exponential phase than those at stationary one to convert intact cells into protoplasts. As osmotic stabilizer, ammonium sulphate was suitable for not only protoplast formation but also regeneration in K. fragilis as well as in C. pseudotropicalis. Optimal enzyme concentration was 3mg per ml in K. fragilis and 1~3mg per ml in C. pseudotropicalis, respectively. After the exposure of K. fragilis cells to 3mg per ml of enzyme for 3hr at 30$^{\circ}C$ , approximately 95% of protoplast formation of all observed cells was obgained, while about 100% from C. pseudotropicalis under the same condition was produced. The regeneration frequency of protoplasts by this enzyme was much lower than that by snail enzyme(Glusulase) although Novozym 234 converted cells from above two species into protoplasts free of cell debris effectively, compared with Glusulase. Novozym 234 appears to be suitable for subcellular fractionation to obtain nuclei or other organelles rather than protoplast regeneration.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.242-249
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• 2003

Antimicrobial activity of Caesalpina sappan L. extract (CS extract) against animal husbandry disease-related bacteria was studied. The CS extracts showed a significant antimicrobial activity against Gram(+) bacteria and this antimicrobial activity was most significant against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of CS was in the range of 0.8∼16 mg/ml and 0.8∼10 mg/ml, in the case of MeOH extracts and EtOH extracts, respectively. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of each solvent fraction was most significant with EtOAc layer. The antimicrobial activities of CS extracts against most microbial strains were stable by either heat treatment or acid treatment, whereas those against S. aureus and Sal. typhimurium were reduced by acid treatment. The inhibitory effect of CS extracts on microbial cell growth was further examined by the addition of 0, 100, 300, and 500 ppm of CS extracts into growth medium. The growth of gram(+) bacteria, S. aureus and S. epidermidis, was inhibited for 72 hours in all ranges of CS extracts added, but the growth of gram(-) bacteria was only inhibited when at least 100 ppm of CS extracts were added. Taken together, the antimicrobial activities of CS extracts were more effective against gram(+) bacteria compared to those against gram(-) bacteria.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.343-354
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• 1995

A series of feeding experiments were conducted to study the possible utilization of blood meal as a dietary protein source in growing common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Diets were formulated on isonitrogenous and isocaloric basis of $40\%$ crude protein and 3,640 kcal/kg diet : diet 1 (100 FMP, control), $100\%$ fish meal Protein (FMP) : diet 2 (25 BMP), $75\%$ $FMP+25\%$ blood meal protein (BMP) : diet 3 (50 BMP), $50\%$ $FMP+50\%$ BMP : diet 4 (75 BMP), $25\%$ $FMP+75\%$ BMP : d;et 5 (100 BMP), $100\%$ BMP. As the dietary protein sources, $34.2\%$ of animal protein were supplied by FMP and/or BMP, and approximately $65.8\%$ of plant protein were used. In the first experiment, weight gain and feed efficiency were improved with increased level of blood meal protein in the diets. Weight gain and feed efficiency from fish fed diets 4 and S were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those from fish fed diets 1, 2 and 3. The second experiment was designed as a cross-over study to prove the first experiment's results. This cross-over study shows that weight gain from fish fed diet 5 is greater than that from fish fed diet 1. The third experiment was conducted to compare palatability between diet 1 (100 FMP) and 5 (100 BMP). The data from this palatability study indicated that the palatability of diet 5 was lower than that of diet 1 initially, however, the palatability of iiet 5 was improved and not worse than that of diet 1 within a week. Therefore, these findings may suggest that the fish meal can be replaced with blood meal completely in growing common carp diets.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the changes of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin $B_l$ and vitamin $B_2$ contents in cow's raw milk collected from dairy farms in Chungcheong-do and Jeolla-do for a year. The contents of fat soluble vitamin A and E were changed as seasonal effect, but water soluble vitamin $B_l$ and $B_2$ contents were not changed as seasonal effect. Vitamin A content in cow's raw milk was as follows [minimum ${\sim}$maximum (mean), ug/100 mL]; $35.1{\sim}59.0$ (44.4) in spring, $36.7{\sim}65.6$ (50.0) in summer, $28.7{\sim}61.2$ (46.8) in autumn and $29.9{\sim}57.8$ (43.1) in winter. In case of vitamin E was as follows [minimum${\sim}$maximum (mean), ug/100 mL]; $28.3{\sim}59.2$ (45.8) in spring, $39.6{\sim}69.9$ (58.8) in summer, $35.0{\sim}62.8$ (46.2) in autumn and $26.0{\sim}55.4$ (41.5) in winter. In case of vitamin $B_l$ was as follow [minimum${\sim}$maximum (mean), ug/100 mL]; $27.7{\sim}57.9$ (42.84) in spring, $32.4{\sim}66.1$ (49.39) in summer, $34.1{\sim}63.7$ (46.69) in autumn and $20.6{\sim}61.4$ (43.20 in winter. The amounts of vitamin $B_2$ in cow's raw milk was as follows [minimum${\sim}$maximum (mean), ug/100 mL]; $150{\sim}182$ (160 in spring, $145{\sim}185$ (163) in summer, $149{\sim}180$ (166) in autumn and $148{\sim}190$ (167) in winter.