• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of clinically relevant anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses and their potential association with ethmoid and maxillary sinus pathologies on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Additionally, potential associations with different sides and demographic factors, including age and sex, were evaluated. Materials and Methods: In total, 273 CBCT scans with complete ethmoid and maxillary sinuses were analyzed to determine the prevalence of Agger nasi cell, supraorbital ethmoid cell, Haller cell, Onodi cell, and ethmomaxillary sinus. In addition, the health or pathology of the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses was also recorded to assess correlations with the aforementioned variations. Results: The prevalence of Agger nasi cell was found to be the highest (95.6%) in this study, followed by Onodi cell (60.4%), Haller cell (29.3%), and supraorbital ethmoid cell (19.4%). Ethmomaxillary sinus was the least common finding (16.5%). Males and persons above 61 years of age had a significantly higher frequency of supraorbital ethmoid cell and Onodi cell, respectively. However, no significant relationships were noted between anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinus and pathologies of the ethmoid or maxillary sinus. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of ethmoid sinus variations in this Southern Chinese population. The prevalence of Agger nasi cell and Onodi cell was higher than that of other anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses. Anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses were not associated with ethmoid or maxillary sinus pathologies in this patient cohort.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-165
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• 1999

The pathomechanism of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is not clearly elucidated. The possible mechanisms are pathologic reduction of pharyngeal muscular tonus during sleep, abnormal anatomical stenosis of nasopharyx or a combination of the above two mechanisms. It is very important to find the cause(anatomical location or pathologic dynamic change) of OSA in order to treat it. Cephalometric analysis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea is a good method for evaluating anatomical morphologic change but it cannot give any information about the dynamic changes occurring during sleep. On the contrary, nasopharyngeal endoscopy offer 3 dimensional image and information about the dynamic changes. Accordingly, these two diagnostic tools can be utilize in the diagnosis and treatment planning of OSA Cephalometric analysis of craniofacial skeletal and soft tissue morphology in 53 patients with OSA and 43 controls was performed and cephalometric analysis and nasopharygeal endoscopy were performed in 9 patients with OSA in order to come up with individualized therapy plans. Following results were obtained ; Patients with OSA showed 1. body weight gain 2. clockwise mandibular rotation 3. increased anterior lower facial height 4. inferiorly positioned hyoid bone 5. increased length of soft palate 6. decreased sagittal dimension of nasopharyx 7. increased vertical length of inferior collapsable nasopharyx 8. increased length of tongue Through cephalometric analysis and nasopharygeal endoscopy(mutually cooperative in diagnosis), 9. one can find the possible origin of OSA and make a adequate individualized therapy plan and predict accurate prognosis. Cephalometric analysis and nasopharygeal endoscopy are highly recommended as a diagnostic aid in OSA patients

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.110-122
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to establish the method generating human brain anatomical connectivity from Korean children and evaluating the network topological properties using small-world network analysis. Materials and Methods : Using diffusion tensor images (DTI) and parcellation maps of structural MRIs acquired from twelve healthy Korean children, we generated a brain structural connectivity matrix for individual. We applied one sample t-test to the connectivity maps to derive a representative anatomical connectivity for the group. By spatially normalizing the white matter bundles of participants into a template standard space, we obtained the anatomical brain network model. Network properties including clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and global/local efficiency were also calculated. Results : We found that the structural connectivity of Korean children group preserves the small-world properties. The anatomical connectivity map obtained in this study showed that children group had higher intra-hemispheric connectivity than inter-hemispheric connectivity. We also observed that the neural connectivity of the group is high between brain stem and motorsensory areas. Conclusion : We suggested a method to examine the anatomical brain network of Korean children group. The proposed method can be used to evaluate the efficiency of anatomical brain networks in people with disease.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.85-95
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the segments of the body, the three dimensional anatomical angle during One Hand Backhand Stroke and Two Hand Backhand in tennis. For the movement analysis three dimensional cinematographical method(APAS) was used and for the calculation of the kinematic variables a self developed program was used with the LabVIEW 6.1 graphical programming(Johnson, 1999) program. By using Eular's equations the three dimensional anatomical Cardan angles of the joint and racket head direction were defined. 1. In three dimensional maximum linear velocity of racket head the X axis and Y axis(horizontal direction) showed $-11.04{\pm}2.69m/sec$, $-9.31{\pm}0.49m/sec$ before impact, the z axis(vertical direction) maximum linear velocity of racket head did not show at impact but after impact this will resulted influence upon hitting ball. It could be suggest that Y axis velocity of racket head influence on ball direction and z axis velocity influence on ball spin after impact. The stance distance between right foot and left foot was mean $75.4{\pm}5.86cm$ during one hand backhand stroke and $72.6{\pm}4.67cm$ during two hand backhand stroke. 2. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of trunk in interna rotation-external rotation showed most important role in backhand stroke. and is follwed by flexion-extension. the three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of trunk did not show significant difference between one hand backhand stroke and two hand backhand stroke but the three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of trunk was bigger than one hand backhand stroke. 3. while backhand stroke, the flexion-extension and adduction-abduction of right shoulder joint showed significant different between one hand backhand stroke and two hand backhand stroke. the three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of right shoulder joint showed more flex and abduct in one hand backhand stroke. 4. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of left shoulder showed flexion, adduction, and external rotation at impact. after impact, The angular displacement as adduction-abduction of left shoulder changed motion direction as abduction. angular displacement of left shoulder as flexion-extension showed bigger than the right shoulder.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.574-590
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• 2021

International efforts to prevent illegally logged wood are expanding around the world. The "Legal Wood Trade Promotion System" was enacted in Korea in 2019 to strengthen the legal import and distribution of commercial wood in Korea. Since then, this system has promoted and ensured that the imported wood and wood products are legal with respect to the country of origin, wood species, and harvested area. As verification methods, DNA analysis technology and anatomical analysis using a microscope are mainly used in conjunction. Therefore, in this study, wood species of plywood were identified by analyzing the anatomical characteristics of various wood products for the first time. Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco.) and larch (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere) plywoods (7, 9 ply) were obtained from four companies that supply plywood in Korea. After cutting each company's plywood to a size of about 1 cm³, the layers from top to bottom were separated into single layers, and three sections were observed using an optical microscope. The results revealed that the plywood was composed of a mixture of softwood and hardwood wood species, pine wood species, poplar wood species, or a mixture of larch and pine wood species. Identification of wood species using microscopy is important and can enable the scientific analysis and verification of various wood products, including plywood, imported from countries where the likelihood of indiscriminate distribution of illegal wood and illegal logging is high.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.70-77
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• 2016

In this study, we aim to obtain the fundamental data needed for the objective analysis and bio-mimetics of leeches, using x-ray imaging with radiation that allows 3D analysis of the detailed anatomic structures of leeches. It was confirmed that through using radiation, detailed images of leeches can be obtained, allowing 3D analysis of leeches' anatomical structures. Also, since the data obtained through the radiation allows you to observe the micro-structure, it can serve as a good resource for component analysis, as well as physiological and functional research. More, it is hoped to contribute to further research in the areas of bio-mimetics using leeches.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.343-350
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• 2022

Purpose: This study evaluated the prevalence of dental implant positioning errors and the most frequently affected oral regions. Materials and Methods: A sample was obtained of CBCT images of 590 dental implants from 230 individuals who underwent diagnosis at a radiology center using cone-beam computed tomography from 2017 to 2020. The following variables were considered: thread exposure, violation of the minimum distance between 2 adjacent implants and between the implant and tooth, and implant contact with anatomical structures. Descriptive data analysis and the Pearson chi-square test(P<0.05) were performed to compare findings according to mouth regions. Results: Most (74.4%) of the 590 implants were poorly positioned, with the posterior region of the maxilla being the region most frequently affected by errors. Among the variables analyzed, the most prevalent was thread exposure (54.7%), followed by implant contact with anatomical structures, violation of the recommended distance between 2 implants and violation of the recommended distance between the implant and teeth. Thread exposure was significantly associated with the anterior region of the mandible (P<0.05). The anterior region of the maxilla was associated with violation of the recommended tooth-implant distance (P<0.05) and the recommended distance between 2 adjacent implants(P<0.05). Implant contact with anatomical structures was significantly more likely to occur in the posterior region of the maxilla (P<0.05). Conclusion: Many implants were poorly positioned in the posterior region of the maxilla. Thread exposure was particularly frequent and was significantly associated with the anterior region of the mandible.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.342-349
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the clinical and anatomical importance of the relevant region from the perspective of surgical approaches by determining the morphometric analysis of the craniocervical junction and foramen magnum (FM) region and determining their distances from important anatomical points. This research was carried out with 59 skulls found at the Anatomy Laboratories of Erciyes and Ankara Medipol University. Metric measurements of FM and condyle, FM shape, condyle-fossa relationship, and pharyngeal tubercle (PT) were made in mm-based dry bone samples of unknown age and sex. The distance between the anterior notches and the FM was 87.01±4.35, the distance between the anterior notches and the PT was 77.70±4.24, the distance between the PT-sphenooccipital junction was 13.23±2.42, and the FM index was 81.86±7.47. The anteroposterior and transverse lengths of FM were determined as 33.80±2.99 and 27.72±2.30, respectively. The morphometric and morphological data available regarding the craniocervical junction showed significant differences between populations. Comprehensive knowledge of this topic will provide a better approach to treat Arnold Chiari Malformation, FM meningiomas, and other posterior cranial fossa lesions. Therefore, we believe that FM and craniocervical junction morphology will be a guide not only for anatomists, but also for radiologists, neurosurgeons, ENT surgeons, and orthopedists.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.204-212
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• 2024

In the present study, anatomical assessment of zygomaticofacial foramina (ZFFs) and zygomatic canals communicating with ZFFs were performed using cadaver micro-computed tomography images. It was suggested that all ZFFs were located above the jugale (Ju)-zygomaxillare (Zm) line, which is the reference line connecting the Ju and Zm, and most were located in the zygomatic body area (ZBA). The anteroposterior position of the ZFF in the ZBA was within a middle to posterior region and was most often located slightly posteriorly in males and closer to the middle of the region in females. The mean distance from the Ju-Zm line to the ZFF in the ZBA was 12.36 mm (standard deviation [SD] 1.52 mm) in males and 11.48 mm (SD 1.61 mm) in females. In zygomatic canals communicating with ZFFs, most zygomatic canals were type I canals, communicating from the zygomaticoorbital foramen and harboring the zygomaticofacial nerve, and the others were type II canals, communicating from the zygomaticotemporal foramen and located near the posterior margin of the frontal process. These results provide useful anatomical information for preventing nerve injury during surgical procedures for zygomatic implant treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.281-287
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• 2011

In anatomical education, cyber class has been studied as a strong strategy coincided with academic characterestics. In the present study, we investigated the correlation between self-evaluation factors, use of cyber classroom and academic achievement of health allied undergraduate students according to application of cyber class in the anatomical education. The subjects of study were totally 231 students who were majored in nursing science (n=143) and sports science (n=88) in last 3 years (2007-2009). Based on frequency of log-in, survey and grade of score, we analyzed correlation of their factors and their scores using frequency analysis, T-test and analysis of variance. Regardless of their major, most of students gave high scores in all of self-evaluation factors, convinience of cyber classroom, suitability of assignment. The frequency of log-in correlated highly with academic achievement(r=0.246, p<0.01, nursing science; r=0.234, p<0.05 sports medicine). The academic achievement also had a high correlation of 0.218(p<0.01) with the level of difficulty in nursing science students, 0.499(p<0.05) with the levels of satisfaction difficulty and interest. in sports science students. This study suggested that cyber class was very useful and would be a promising strategy in anatomical education.