Imaging Science in Dentistry

Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (대한영상치의학회)
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Anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses and their association with health or pathology of the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses in a Southern Chinese population: An analysis using cone-beam computed tomography

  • Hui, Liuling (Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong) ;
  • Hung, Kuo Feng (Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong) ;
  • Yeung, Andy Wai Kan (Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong) ;
  • Arx, Thomas von (Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern) ;
  • Leung, Yiu Yan (Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong) ;
  • Bornstein, Michael M. (Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong)
  • Received : 2021.11.16
  • Accepted : 2021.12.20
  • Published : 2022.03.31
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Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of clinically relevant anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses and their potential association with ethmoid and maxillary sinus pathologies on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Additionally, potential associations with different sides and demographic factors, including age and sex, were evaluated. Materials and Methods: In total, 273 CBCT scans with complete ethmoid and maxillary sinuses were analyzed to determine the prevalence of Agger nasi cell, supraorbital ethmoid cell, Haller cell, Onodi cell, and ethmomaxillary sinus. In addition, the health or pathology of the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses was also recorded to assess correlations with the aforementioned variations. Results: The prevalence of Agger nasi cell was found to be the highest (95.6%) in this study, followed by Onodi cell (60.4%), Haller cell (29.3%), and supraorbital ethmoid cell (19.4%). Ethmomaxillary sinus was the least common finding (16.5%). Males and persons above 61 years of age had a significantly higher frequency of supraorbital ethmoid cell and Onodi cell, respectively. However, no significant relationships were noted between anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinus and pathologies of the ethmoid or maxillary sinus. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of ethmoid sinus variations in this Southern Chinese population. The prevalence of Agger nasi cell and Onodi cell was higher than that of other anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses. Anatomical variations of the ethmoid sinuses were not associated with ethmoid or maxillary sinus pathologies in this patient cohort.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to thank Dr. Tanaka Ray, Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, for the assistance regarding the relevant radiographic anatomy in this study. The authors also express their gratitude towards Ms. Kar Yan Li, Centralized Research Lab, The University of Hong Kong, for her support of the statistical analysis.

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