• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.319-319
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• 2017

Methane is the main greenhouse gas released from rice paddy field. Methane from paddy fields accounts for 11 % of the global total methane emission. The global warming potential (GWP) of methane is 25 times more than that of carbon dioxide on a mass basis. It is well known that most effective practice to mitigate methane in paddy is related to the water management during rice growing season and the use of organic matters. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tillage and cultivation method on methane emission in paddy. Tillage (tillage and no-tillage) and cultivation methods (transplanting and direct seeding) were combined tillage-transplanting (T-T), tillage-wet hill seeding (T-W), tillage-dry seeding (T-D) and no-till dry seeding (NT-D) to evaluate methane mitigation efficiency. Daily methane emission was decreased on seeding treatments (T-W, T-D, NT-D) than transplanting treatment (T-T). Amount of methane emission during rice growing season is highest in T-T ($411.7CH_4\;kg\;ha^{-1}y^{-1}$) and lowest in NT-D treatment (89.7). In T-W and T-D treatments, methane emissions were significantly decreased by 36 and 51 % respectively compared with T-T. Methane emissions were highly correlated with the dry weight of whole rice plant ($R^2=0.62{\sim}0.93$). T-T treatment showed highest $R^2$ (0.93) among the four treatments. Rice grain yields did not significantly differ with the tillage and cultivation methods used. These results suggest that direct seeding practice in rice production could mitigate the methane emissions without loss in grain yield.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.919-931
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• 2010

Forage barley was developed for decreasing the import of forages, and increasing the farmer' income about ten years ago. Nevertheless of higher of farmer' income, the forage barley' area is slowly increased because of lacking of barely seeds. In order to suggest the plan of the urgent spreading on forage barley, the seed-gathering of forage barley was cultivated on 14-provinces and 291ha on 2009. The cultivation area of kyeungnam, kyeungbuk and chunnam province was more than other provence. The youngyang cultivar was cultivated more than orher cultivar. Seed-gathering amount of Youngyang, Uhoo and Yooyun cultiva was 364,213 and 303MT respectively. There were several problems for seed-gathering of forage barley which were the delay of seeding time and the more seeding amount, and the higher seed drying temperature than that of standard manual.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2001

In this lysimeter experiment, temporal changes of water percolation rate, irrigation requirement and ${No}_3$－-N leaching were investigated under different cultural practices that were no-till direct seeding on flooded paddy (NTDSF), till direct seeding on flooded paddy (TDSF), and transplanting. The highest water percolation rate of 3,001 l/$m^2$ was measured in NTDSF. Others were 2,551 l/$m^2$ and 2,210 l/$m^2$ in TDSF and transplanting. Water percolation rate in NTDSF and TDSF was increased by 36% and 15% compared to transplanting. Water percolation rates in all cultural practices were increased remarkably from the reproductive growth stage and relatively large amount of water loss through percolation was measured even after the reproductive growth stage. A total irrigation requirement was 3,469 l/$m^2$ in NTDSF and 2,898 l/$m^2$ in TDSF. That was equivalent to 45% and 21 % of increase compared to 2,389 l/$m^2$ in transplanting. The largest ${No}_3$－-N leaching through the entire rice growing period was 701 mg/$m^2$ in NTDSF and was followed by 494 mg/$m^2$ in TDSF and 465 mg/$m^2$ in transplanting. The ratios to the total amount of ${No}_3$－-N leaching at the vegetative growth stage, reproductive growth stage and ripening stage were 31 %, 41 % and 28% in NTDSF; 21 %, 48% and 31 % in TDSF; and 18%, 48% and 35 % in transplanting.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.286-294
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• 1996

건답직파재배에 시비작업의 생력화 일환으로 개발되는 전층시비용 완효성 비료와 기존 속효성 비료를 건답 트랙터세조파재배와 어린모 기계이앙재배에 시용 시, 재배유형 및 시용량별 미질의 변화를 보고자, 만금벼를 이용하여 외관상 미질, 유기성분, 무기성분, 찰성 및 밥맛 검정 등으로 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 시험전 .후 공시토양의 이화학적 특성은 속효성 비료 시용보다는 완효성 비료의 시용구에서 시험전에 비하여 인산과 규산 및 주요 양이온들의 함량이 높았다. 2. 현미의 외관상 미질중 청립비율은 속효성 비료가 완효성 비료보다 높았고 어린모 기계 이앙이 건답직파보다 높았으며, 질소 시용량이 적을수록 높았다. 또한 미숙립은 건답직파보다는 기계이앙이, 완효성 비료보다는 속효성 비료에서 그리고 시용량이 적을수록 낮은 비율을 보였다. 3. m$^2$당 수수와 입수는 건답직파가 기계이앙보다 많았고 완효성 비료가 속효성 비료보다 많았으나, 등숙률은 반대로 기계이앙이 많았고, 속효성 비료가 많았다. 수량은 관행(516kg/10a)대비 건답직파에서 l~4% 증수를 보였고, 속효성보다는 완효성 비료에서 시용량이 많을수록 증수 경향을 보였다. 4. 쌀의 탄수화물함량은 기계이앙재배가 건답직파보다 높았고 속효성 비료보다는 완효성 비료에서, 그리고 시용량이 많을수록 높은 경향이었으나, 단백질함량은 탄수화물과는 반대의 경향을 보였다 지방함량은 재배유형간에는 큰 차이가 없었으나 속효성 비료의 시용이 완효성 비료보다 높았고, 질소시용량이 적을수록 높게 함유하였으며, 회분은 기계이앙보다는 건답직파가, 완효성 비료보다는 속효성 비료가, 그리고 질소시용량이 적을수록 높은 경향이었으며 아밀로스함량은 재배유형과 비종간에는 큰 차가 없었으나, 시비량간에 있어서는 질소시용량과 비례하여 증감하는 경향을 보였다. 5. 쌀의 N, K함량은 완효성 비료가 속효성 비료보다 높고 질소시용률이 많을수록 높았으나, Mg함량은 질소시용량이 많을수록 높았으며 기계이앙에서는 속효성 비료가, 그리고 건답직파에서는 완효성 비료가 높게 함유하였고, Na함량은 완효성 비료의 시용에서 보다 높게 함유하였다. 또한 Mg/K비을은 속효성 비료가 완효성 비료보다 높았고 기계 이앙보다는 건답직파에서 높게 나타났다. 그러나 N/K비율은 완효성 비료가 높았다. 6. 쌀의 외관상 미질은 완효성 비료보다는 속효성 비료 시용에서 그리고 질소시용량이 적을수록 우수하였으나, 밥맛 검정은 재배유형간에는 기계이앙이 건답직파보다 우수하였고, 비종간에는 속효성 비료보다는 완효성 비료에서, 그리고 질소의 감비보다는 100%시용구에서 보다 우수한 경향을 보였다.

• 대기
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.35-53
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• 2024

Under the leadership of the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), the first domestic autonomous flight-type weather modification experimental drone for fog and lower-level cloud seeding was developed in 2021. This drone is designed based on a multi-copter configuration with a maximum takeoff weight of approximately 25 kg, enabling the installation of up to four burning flares for seeding materials and facilitating weather observations (temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind) as well as aerosol (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM_1.0) particle measurements. This research aims to introduce the construction of the drone and its recent applications over the past two years, providing insights into the experimental procedures, effectiveness verification, and improvement directions of the weather modification drone-based rain enhancement. In particular, partial confirmation of the experimental effects was obtained through the fog dissipation experiment on December 10, 2021, and the lower-level cloud seeding case study on October 5, 2022. To enhance the scope and rainfall amount of weather modification experiments using drones, various technological approaches, including adjustments to experimental altitude, seeding lines, seeding amount, and verification methods are necessary. Through this research, we aim to propose the development direction for weather modification drone technology, which will serve as foundational technology for practical application of domestic rain enhancement technology.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제19권
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

벼 자동화 육묘시설에서 상토의 종류와 파종량이 묘생육에 미치는 영향을 조사분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 상토의 성분분석 결과 산도(pH)는 '삼경상토'가 8.6으로 가장 높았고 '부농 2호'는 5.1로 가장 낮았다. 유효인산 함량은 '부농 1호'가 843 ppm으로 가장 높았고 '자가상토'에서 74 ppm으로 가장 낮았다. 전질소함량은 '원조상토' 및 '부농 1호', '부농 2호', '부농 3호'에서 다른 상토에 비해 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 상자당 파종량이 250 g 일때 상토의 종류에 따른 15일묘의 초장은 '부농 1호', '부농 2호', '부농 3호'에서 14.2~14.9 cm로 나타난 반면, '자가상토'에서의 초장은 13.1 cm로 짧았다. 상자당 파종량이 300 g으로 증가하면 상토 종류에 관계없이 묘초장은 길어졌고 그 차는 10일묘에서 보다 15일묘에서 크게 나타났다. 상토의 종류에 따른 15일묘의 건물중은 '부농 2호'가 13.3 mg으로 가장 무거웠고, 묘충실도도 '부농 2호'에서 0.96으로 가장 높았으며 '자가상토'와 '자가상토'에 시판상토(부농 2호)를 혼용한 처리구에서의 묘생육은 본 시험에 공시된 6종류의 시판 상토에 비해 저조하였고，매트형성도 불량하였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 1982

초지개량(草地改良)에 있어서 가리(加里)의 시용수준(施用水準) 및 질소(窒素)와 인산(燐酸)의 시비량(施肥量) 관계(關係)가 목초(牧草)의 생산성(生産性)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위해서 화본과(禾本科) 단파구(單播區), 두과(荳科) 단파구(單播區) 및 혼파구(混播區)로 구분(區分)하여 가리(加里)의 시비수준(施肥水準)을 달리하면서 1977년(年)부터 1980년(年)까지 3년간(年間)에 걸쳐 실험(實驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 가리(加里)의 시비수준(施肥水準)이 목초(牧草)의 정착(定着)과는 영향(影響)이 없으나 화본과(禾本科) 단파구(單播區)에서는 월동성(越冬性)에 효과가 있는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 2. 목초(牧草)의 수량(收量)은 화본과(禾本科) 단파구(單播區)에서 가리(加里)의 시용(施用) 효과가 높게 나타나는 경향(傾向)이지만 두과(荳科) 단파구(單播區)와 혼파구(混播區)에서는 큰 차이(差異)가 없었다. 3. 고형물(固形物) 수량(收量)은 두과구(荳科區)의 4처리구(處理區)가 10a 1,152kg으로 가장 많고 혼파구(混播區)에서는 3처리구(處理區) 1,093kg, 화본과(禾本科) 단파구(單播區)는 5처리구(處理區)의 834kg이 가장 많았다. 4. 식생상태(植生狀態)의 변화(變化)는 화본과(禾本科) 단파구(單播區)에서 orchard grass와 tall fescue가 해를 경과할수록 증가(增加)하였으며 두과단파구(荳科單播區)와 혼파구(混播區)에서 alfalfa가 90% 이상(以上)의 우점초(優占草)가 되었는데 특(特)히 orchard grass는 가리(加里)의 증비(增肥) 효과가 큰 것 같다. 5. 초지개량(草地改良)에 있어서 본(本) 실험(實驗)의 결과(結果)로 나타난 적정시비수준(適正施肥水準)은 10a 당(當) 질소(窒素), 인산(燐酸), 가리(加里)를 화본과(禾本科) 단파구(單播區)에서 20-20-30kg을 시용(施用)할 때 최고(最高)의 수량(收量)을 나타냈으며 두과(荳科) 단파구(單播區)에서는 8-20-20kg을 시용(施用)하였을 때 최고수량(最高收量)을 얻을 수 있었다. 6. 시비수준(施肥水準)에 따르는 비료가격(肥料價格)과 목초(牧草)의 고형물(固形物) 수량(收量)에 의(衣)해서 1kg 생산(生産)에 소요(所要)된 비료가격(肥料價格)을 비교(比較)하면 혼파구(混播區)의 1처리구(處理구) 수익(收益)이 높은데 그 이유(理由)는 인산(燐酸)의 비료가격(肥料價格)에 의(依)한 것이다. 7. 본(本) 실험(實驗)은 종합적(綜合的)으로 고찰(考察)할 때 목초(牧草)의 고형물(固形物) 수량(收量)과 시비가격(施肥價格)으로 보아 화본과(禾本科)는 10a 당(當) 20-20-20kg, 두과(荳科)와 혼파구(混播區)는 8-20-20kg의 시비수준(施肥水準)이 경제적으로 가장 유리(有利)한 것 같다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.200-222
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• 1992

The results of recent researches for improvement of seedling stand in direct seeded rice on the dry paddy in Korea were summarized as the following ; a variety to be cultivated should be chosen the characteristics of high percentage germination under low temperature, shorter period of shoot emergence, and better growth of the mesocotyl and shoots. Meanwhile, there was 40% increase in seedling stand at the treatment of removal of the seed awn under using the drill seeder. After seeding the rice seed covered with soil of 3cm depth was better seedling emergence and also there was the hightest seedling emergence at the 70% of moisture content of the soil. In addition, the application of the Release containing GA 10% enabled to increase the seedling stand and furthermore it was effective under deep seeding depth. The optimum seeding date should be seeded around May 10 when mean air temperature is above 12-13$^{\circ}C$ so that may establish more less 70% in seedling stand. Based on an appropriate seedling stand of 150/$m^2$, the optimum seeding rate was 5kg/10a. It was the best in seeding method using drill seeder and the most desirable recommended seeding method was the drill seeder in terms of seedling stand. In order to improve seedling stand water management was more effective in canal irrigation and in drainage at 6hr after irrigation following by the seeding process. On the other hand, for the increase of seedling stand under flooded condition a variety might have characters being better germination at low concentration of dissolved oxygen and vertically deeper growing of the crown root. Also, seedling stand was able to increase with the seed coating of $CaO_2$in the flooded soil. It was possible to be seeded on the early part of May being mean air temperature of avove 10$^{\circ}C$ and the optimum seeding rate was 5kg/10a. For an effective water management water would be flooded up to 3cm depth for 2-3 weeks after seeding. The rice plant grown under the direct seeded cultivation might be not so much strong in lodging resistance compared to that grown under the transplanting and moreover direct seeded rice cultivation under flooded condition would be more weak growth of the rice plant than that on dry paddy. Meanwhile, the lodging would be affected by the seeding rate, the soil depth after seeding. and seeding method even in the same variety. In particular, roots in the lodging pattern of direct seeded rice cultivation under flooded condition were largely distributed on the soil surface so that resulted easily in the lodging. In general, the lodging resistance would be greater as seeding rate and amount of N fertilizer application are lower and soil depth after seeding is higher. Among the introduction of different seeding method the high ridged drill seeding method on dry paddy soil resulted in the lowest in the lodging index and also it was lower in the drill seeding method than in the scattering seeding method under flooded condition. In case of more than 150 seedlings per $m^2$ there was a severe lodging due to high lodging index at the 3rd and 4th internodes. The effective lodging prevention was able to at the treatment of the Inabenfide at 45 days before heading and the Uniconazol at 15 days before heading which caused the shortage by 10-15cm in culm length. Also, fertilizer management using split application of nitrogen would be contributed the reduction of lodging at the rate of 20-30-20-20-10%(basal-5th leaf stage-7th leaf stage-panicle initiation stage-heading stage) on the dry paddy soil.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 1998

Direct-seeding has major advantages such as labor and cost saving by eliminating preparation of seed bed and transplanting. But, it required increased input of fertilizers and pesticides because of the extended paddy period. Direct seeding in wet paddy (DSWP) gives faster growth and more uniform seedling emergence than direct-seeding in dry paddy. This research had an objective to develop an efficient N management practices for DSWP with split application of N fertilizer. A paddy field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of starter N and N-topdressing which was delayed N application until 5-leaf stage, with comparison to transplanting (TP). Total amount of N application were two levels; 110kg and 77kg/ha. The N applications were split four times during rice growth stages; starter, topdressing at 5-leaf stage, top dressing at tillering stage, and topdressing at panicle initiation stage. DSWP had more tillers/$m^2$ than TP, but with the delayed heading. The DSWP plots which received N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage without starter N had higher leaf area index (LAI) and leaf greenness than the TP plot. Also, these DSWP plots had high leaf-N concentration at the heading stage, as calculated from leaf chlorophyll meter readings. Rice yield in DSWP with N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage was significantly higher than that in TP and in DSWP with starter N. Energy and N use efficiency were improved in DSWP with N-topdressing at 5-leaf stage. But, there were no significant differences in grain yield between the two levels of total amounts of N applications, 77kg and 110kg/ha. We concluded that starter N could not be used effectively by rice seedlings, but topdressing N at 5-leaf stage was an efficient N management for rice growth and yield in DSWP system.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

본 연구는 기존의 무논점파기의 문제점(새 피해, 파종한 종자의 건조현상, 강우 또는 관개 시 가벼운 볍씨 또는 어린 유묘의 뜨는 문제 등)으로 초기 입묘가 불량한 요인을 개선하기 위하여 시험을 추진하였으며 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 롤러 간의 피복재 사상(모래형) 규산질비료의 피복량이 일정치 않았다. 2. 기존의 무논점파 파종장치의 정확한 점파작업이 요구되었으며 파종작업 시 볍씨가 롤러 홈 회전과정에서 발생되는 파손이 인정되었으며 이에 대한 개선이 요구되었다. 3. 사상 규산질비료의 정밀한 피복작업이 미진하였으며 이를 위한 복토재의 개선(2mm내외 사상)과 파종작업장치의 정확성이 요구되었다. 4. 파종작업 시 바람이 강하게 불 경우 사상규산질비료의 피복위치 불안정으로 이에 대한 보완대책이 요구되었다.