• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.17
• /
• pp.281-287
• /
• 2001

The Artichoke extract at 10% was used to add in drinking water to understand its effect on Aflatoxicosis of chickens. The Artichoke extract at the dose of 6 ml per liter of drinking water was given (experiment group) or not (control group) and to Hybro chickens (150 birds), during the first 49 days of life. Also, the chickens were fed with foodstuff containing 200 ppb or 500 ppb Aflatoxin $B_1$. Results showed that, the chickens having Artichoke extract: (1) Had overcome the growth retardation caused by the toxin at concentration of 200 ppb and 500 ppb of Aflatoxin $B_1$ (an addittonal weight gain of about 200-400 g/bird). (2) The feed conversion was improved (a reduction of 200-400 g of feed per kg of bird living weight). (3) Aflatoxicosis lesions were mild in the chickens, which fed 500 ppb of Aflatoxin $B_1$ or not found in those having the toxin 200 ppb. The blood examinations at 28th and 49th days of the trial gave the following results: (1) The Artichoke extract had an effect of suppressing the changes of blood cell numbers, hemoglobin amount. packed cell volume. leukocyte formula that were caused by Aflatoxin $B_1$. (2) The Artichoke extract had an effect of suppressing the diminution oj sugar, protein levels and the increase of the levels of GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin in the blood of intoxicated chickens. There was not or very Jew residue of Aflatoxin $B_1$ contained in the liver and muscle of chickens intoxicated by Aflatoxin $B_1$ having Artichoke, that was much lower than the allowed level in animal products.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.308-313
• /
• 2023

A 1-year-old castrated male Korean Shorthair cat presented with dyspnea, anorexia, lethargy, and seizures. Physical examination revealed salivation, right forelimb hemiparesis, and rapid breathing. No abnormalities were detected on auscultation. Laboratory findings revealed increased levels of bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), globulin, glucose, and a decreased albumin-to-globulin (A:G) ratio. Both N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and feline serum amyloid A (fSAA) levels were significantly elevated. Thoracic radiography revealed mild cardiomegaly and diffuse increased interstitial infiltration with soft tissue opacity in the periphery of the right caudal pleural space. Echocardiography and lung ultrasonography were performed to investigate the cause of mild cardiomegaly and soft tissue opacity in the pleural space. Echocardiography revealed a mild amount of echogenic pericardial effusion, and lung ultrasonography showed an echogenic soft tissue mass with no blood signal in the right caudal pleural space, suggestive of a granulomatous lesion. After obtaining 5 mL of pericardial fluid through pericardiocentesis, cytology of the pericardial effusion sample revealed marked neutrophils and macrophages with no bacteria. IDEXX feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed the presence of the FIP virus biotype in the sample. This case presents a rarely reported atypical mixed form of FIP in a cat diagnosed ante-mortem using pericardial effusion analysis. In this case, ultrasound examination played a crucial role in the definitive diagnosis of FIP by PCR biotyping through pericardiocentesis. Ultrasonography can be highly beneficial in guiding the diagnosis and evaluation of cats with suspected FIP.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.129-149
• /
• 2003

Liver is an important target of the toxicity of drugs, xenobiotics and oxidative stress. Acetaminophen pverdose causes acute liver injury in both humans and animals. This study was performed to observe the effect of sachunwhan and its component groups on recovery of hepatoxicity in acetaminophen treated rats. The experimental group was divided into 4 groups: sachungwhan(SC), samultang group(SC-1: 當歸, 川芎), chungyul group(SC-2: 龍膽草, 大黃, 梔子), and haepyo group(SC-3:羌活, 防風). Under the same condition Normal group was fed basal diet and water; Control group was injected acetaminophen and fed basal diet for 2 weeks; Experimental groups were injected acetaminophen and fed each extracts for 2 weeks respectively. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the study on antioxidative defense system in vivo, SC reduced the amount of lipid peroxide in both serum and liver and showed activity on antioxidative enzymes such as catalase, glutathion. Other groups had effect only on glutathion. 2. In the study on hepatotoxicity(GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}$-GTP, ALP, LDH, Bilirubin), SC had a significant effect on recovery of hepatoxicity in acetaminophen treated rats. Other groups had no effect except SC-1 having effect on ${\gamma}$-GTP. As results shown, only Sachungwhan(SC) has significant effects on recovery of hepatoxicity and antioxidative defense system in vivo. These results suggest that Sachungwhan(SC) made antioxidative defense system active and it seemed to be very important to its effect on recovery of hepatoxicity. In the other hand, Component groups had no effect on recoverv of hepatoxicity and antioxidative defense system in vivo. This was thought that component drugs' cooperative synergy effect would be important to Sachungwhan(SC)'s effects mentioned in this paper.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.184-188
• /
• 2006

The purpose of the recovery experiment in clinical chemistry is performed to estimate proportional systematic error. We must know all measurements have some error margin in measuring analytical performance. Proportional systematic error is the type of error whose magnitude increases as the concentration of analyte increases. This error is often caused by a substance in the sample matrix that reacts with the sought for analyte and therefore competes with the analytical reagent. Recovery experiments, therefore, are used rather selectively and do not have a high priority when another analytical method is available for comparison purposes. They may still be useful to help understand the nature of any bias revealed in the comparison of kit experiments. Recovery should be expressed as a percentage because the experimental objective is to estimate proportional systematic error, which is a percentage type of error. Good recovery is 100.0%. The difference between 100 and the observed recovery(in percent) is the proportional systematic error. We calculated the amount of analyte added by multiplying the concentration of the analyte added solution by the dilution factor(mL standard)/(mL standard + mL specimen) and took the difference between the sample with addition and the sample with dilution. When making judgments on method performance, the observed that the errors should be compared to the defined allowable error. The average recovery needs to be converted to proportional error(100%/Recovery) and then compared to an analytical quality requirement expressed in percent. The results of recovery experiments were total protein(101.4%), albumin(97.4%), total bilirubin(104%), alkaline phosphatase(89.1%), aspartate aminotransferase(102.8), alanine aminotransferase(103.2), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase(97.6%), creatine kinase(105.4%), lactate dehydrogenase(95.9%), creatinine(103.1%), blood urea nitrogen(102.9%), uric acid(106.4%), total cholesterol(108.5), triglycerides(89.6%), glucose(93%), amylase(109.8), calcium(102.8), inorganic phosphorus(106.3%). We then compared the observed error to the amount of error allowable for the test. There were no items beyond the CLIA criterion for acceptable performance.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.227-259
• /
• 1989

Waterpepper is a weed which grows on damp soil. especially near swamps, and in shallow water of ponds and ditches. It Is widespread throughout the country In abundant colonies. In the present experiments, possible toxic effects of waterpepper were investigated in ruminants. Pour cows were fed waterpepper ad libitum or by force in the from of green forage, hay and/or powder, 8 goats were administered in the form of methanol extract, and 4 goats, crude juice, into the lumen. Clinical signs were examined as well as urinalysis, hematology, serum chemical analysis, pH/blood gas analysis and chclinesterase activities following administration of waterpepper. Six goats which were administered the methanol extract or crude juice were sacrificed for pathological examinations., In addition to the clini copathological examinations, the chemical constituents of waterpepper were qualitively analyzed from the methanol extract and the Effects of the waterpepper crude juice were examined on the motility of rabbit duodenum and uterus. It is revealed that waterpepper contains steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannin and essential oils in the methanol extract and nitrates in the crude juice. The crude juice of waterpepper relaxed the rabbit uterine and duodenal smooth muscles. The constraction of duodenum by acetylcholine or BaCl$_2$ were partially inhibited by pretreatment of the crude juice. However, the relaxation of duodenum by the crude juice was not blocked by the pretreatments of phenoxybenzamlne, propranolol, cocaine, reserpine and tetrodotoxin. The constituents of waterpepper to evoke elaxation of duodenal smooth muscle were stable to heat. The cows administered waterpepper showed common clinical symptoms such as acrid expression, restlessness, dullness, inappetence, anorexia, severe diarrhea, mild bloat and left displacement of abomasum, while bloody feces was shown in a cow. The goats administered the mothanol extract showed common clinical signs such as acrid expression, restlessness, dullness, inappetence and soft feces, while bloody feces was shown in a goat, A goat adminstered the crude juice showde bloody feces and diarrhea. Respiratory rates and heart beats were increased along with diarrhea in the experimental cows. The erythrocyte counts and MCHC were decreased whereas PCV, MCV and neutrophils were increased in the cows administered waterpepper. In goats administered methanol extract, there were decreases in erythrocytes, PCV and hemoglobin content, and an increase in MCHC. The goats ingester with the crude juice showed negligible changes in hematologic values compared with control group which was administered the same amount of water instead of the crude juice. The contents of serum calcium, Inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, Iron, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, triglycerides and phospholipids were tended to decrease in cows. In goats serum iron, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, BUN and phospholipids content were decreased while the content of sodium and chloride were increased after administration of the methamol extract The goats ingested with the crude juice did not show significant changes in serum chemical analysis. Even though there were some pathological findings such as hyperemia in the small intestines and kidneys and swelling of liver parenchymal cells, the values of serum AST, ALT, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and creatinine did not change significantly. While proteins, hemoglobin and blood were detected in the urine of cows, urine pH, ketone bodies, glucose, bilirubin and urobilinogen content were normal or undetected. There were no significant changes in pH/bolld gas analysis data of cows and cholinesterase activities of plasma and erythrocytes of cows and goats ingested with waterpepper or the methanol extract. It is concluded that waterpepper irritates the gatrointestinal system, causes abdominal pain, relaxes the gastrointestinal smooth muscle and dilatates blood vessels supplied to the system. The irritation and relaxation may lead to abnormal fermentation, maldigestion and malabsorption of nutrients and result in diarrhea, body feces, mild bloat and left displacement of abomasum.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.2 s.32
• /
• pp.318-330
• /
• 1996

We had been investigated the effect of ear acupuncture in alcoholics, but in Kang won do province never we have been investigated. so then in Sangji university oriental hospital from Mar. 1. 1995 to Feb. 28. 1996. we clinically analized 102 alcoholics treated The results were summarized as follow: 1. In Age distribution, 40s were the top as 28.4% and next 30s, 50s, 60s 70s, below 3Os. In Sex distribution, these were 92 person in male, 10 person in female. 2. Marrige Status revealed in descending order ; married, single, divorced Sibling order distribution in descending order; eldest son, middle son, youngest son, only son 3. Distribution of education in descending order ; high school, middle school, primary school, collage and graduate school, illiterate 4. Distribution of occupation in descending order; farmer, labor, merchent, salaried and inoccupation, service 5. Distribution of religion in descending order ; none, buddism, protestantism, catholicism 6. Distribution of family history of alcoholism; yes(24.5%), no(69.6%) 7. Distribution of onset of drinking in descending order ; 20s, below 20s, 30s and 40s, 50s 8. Distribution of duration of drinking in descending order ; 20-29 years, 10-19 and below years, 40-49 years, 30-39 years 9. Distribution of the reason of drinking in descending order ; habbit, business and reduce of stress, no reason, syndrome of stop drinking 10. Distribution of frequency of drinking in descending order ; daily, four or five times a week, irregularly, once a week, two or three times a week 11. Distribution of amount of drinking in descending order ; two bottles, one bottle, three bottles, half, bottle above four bottles 12. Distribution of Chief Complaint of Alcohol in descending order ; no appetite and anorexia, diarrhrea insomnia, fatigue, vomitting, tremor, drinking water, hallucination, abdominal pain, constipation 13. Distribution of total MAST score in descending order ; 26-48 score, 13-18 score, 19-25 score, 8-12 score, 0-7 score 14. In the treatment effects according to MAST score, these were complete stop drinking 18.0%, improved 53.0%, unchanged 29.0%. 15. Distribution of liver function test and treatment effects in descending order ; ALAT, ASAT, GGTP, Trigliceride, Alk-phosphatase and Total bilirubin The treatment effects in ear acupuncture were 70.5% effective ones ; stop drinking 17.6%, improved 52.9%. 17. These were headache, nausea, vomitting sense, weakness in revealing symtoms after treatment, but no severe side effect. 18. Distribution of the times of onset in the change of taste in descending order; 3-5 times, below 2 times and above 6 times.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 1973

The main character of the Korean diet has been found to be low in protein both quantity and quality and high in carbohydrate. The purpose of this survey was to study the amount of salt intake related to the dietary pattern in Korea. The nutrition survey was conducted in a mountainous farming area located in Auhchun-ri, Gaebuk-myon, Changsoo-gun, Chunbuk Province, February 14-19 in 1973 (7 days). The precise weighing method was used in evaluating the kinds of foods and nutrients intake for 24 households during a three day period. The physical examinations were performed by a doctor on 120 persons and a detailed biochemical test on both blood and urine was made on 42 persons over 40 years old. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) Average nutrients intake of an adult per day: calorie intake was 2,446 Cal and its components-protein(61.1g) was 10 percent, fat(12.9g) was 5 percent and carbohydrate(521g) contributed 85 percent of the total calories. Other nutrients-calcium (443mg), thiamine(1.09mg), riboflavin (0.90mg), niacin (14.4mg) and vitamin C (63.2mg) were lower than the recommended daily allowance but vitamin A(2,083 I.U.), iron(11mg) and phosphorous(998mg) were slightly higher than that. (2) To evaluate the nutritional deficiences, clinical examinations were conducted. Angular stomatitis was present in 16.7 percent of those examiners. No edema was found. The rate of osteoarthritis, hepatomegaly diseases appeared in 20 percent of the total subjects and the symptoms appeared highest among those Iron 50 to 59 years old. (3) The following chemical components of blood serum were analyzed and found to be within the normal range: glucose, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, total cholesterol, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and lecithine dehydrase. One case of each of the following were found: hyperglycemia, hypocholesterolemia, renal problem, hypoproteinaemia and diabetes mellitus, and two persons were classified as showing hypoglycemia and hyponaturemia. (4) The sodium content in urine was 199.6 mEq/L, potassium content was 24.6 mEq/L. The sugar, pH and specific gravity in the urine was shown to be normal.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.178-184
• /
• 2005

Carry over contamination has been reduced in some systems by flushing the internal and external surfaces of the sample probe with copious amount of diluent. It between specimens should be kept as small as possible. A built-in, continuous-flow wash reservoir, which allows the simultaneous washing of the interior and exterior of the syringe needles, addresses this issue. In addition, residual contamination can further be prevented through the use of efficient needle rinsing procedures. In discrete systems with disposable reaction vessels and measuring cuvets, any carry over is entirely caused by the pipetting system. In analyzers with reuseable cuvets or flow cells, carry over may arise at every point through which high samples pass sequentially. Therefore, disposable sample probe tips can eliminate both the contamination of one sample by another inside the probe and the carry over of in specimen into the specimen in the cup. The results of the applicative carry over experiment studied on 21 items for total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspratate aminotranferase (AST), alanine aminotranferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatinine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LD), creatnine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), glucose (GLU), amylase (AMY), calcium (CA), inorganic phosphorus (IP), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (CL) tests in chematology were as follows. Evaluation of process performance less than 1% in all tests was very good, but a percentage of ALB, TP, TB, ALP, CRE, UA, TC, GLU, AMY, IP, K, Na, and CL was 0%, implying no carry over. Other tests were ALT(-0.08%), GGT(-0.09%), CK(0.08%), LD(0.06%), BUN(0.12%), TG (-0.06%), and CA(0.89%).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2003

Purpose : Cholestasis is a major complication in prolonged use of TPN, especially in the neonatal period, but there are few long-term reviews examining the clinical course in premature infants. Thus, in this study, we reviewed premature infants with TPN-associated cholestasis(TPNAC) to determine the incidence, clinical courses and possible risk factors. Methods : Retrospective review of 66 premature infants less than 2,000 gm of birth weight and on TPN for more than two weeks was performed. Cholestasis was defined as a serum direct bilirubin level greater than 2.0 mg/dL. The clinical course of cholestasis was described, and perinatal risk factors were evaluated. Results : TPNAC developed in 21 out of 66 infants(31.8%). The onset was $41.7{\pm}17.4days$ after receiving TPN, and the mean duration was $33.6{\pm}23.4days$. The incidence of TPNAC was significantly correlated with birth weight, and gestational age, and duration of TPN. But, possible etiologic factors, such as incidence of perinatal asphyxia or infection, showed no remarkable differences between infants with TPNAC and those without TPNAC(control). The enteral intake in the third postnatal week was significantly smaller in infants with TPNAC than in the control infants(P=0.033). Conclusion : The enteral intake in the third postnatal week was smaller in the infants with TPNAC than in the control infants. Thus, the incidence of TPNAC may be reduced by increasing the amount of oral intake during TPN in high risk infants.