• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.188-205
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• 2001

Objective : The purpose of this studies was to determine the effect of Carthami semen, Bogol-Tang and Rhynchosia volubilis Lour. on changes of trabecular area and physiological metabolites in the ovariectomized osteoporotic Rats. Methods : In order to induce estrogen deficient osteoporosis, ovariectomy was done on rats. Then the Carthami semen, Bogol-Tang and Rhynchosia volubilis Lour. were orally administerd: Such indexes were measured as the changes of body weight, bone mineral density, trabecular area in tibia, and levels of osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum. Results : 1. The change of bone mineral density in Bogol-Tang group and Rhynchosia volubilis lour. group. was significantly increased compare to control group. 2. The change of trabecular area % in epiphysis of tibia in Carthami semen group was significantly increased compare to control group. 3. The change of trabecular area % in diaphysis of tibia in Bogol-Tang group was significantly increased compare to control group. 4. The change of serum osteocalcin in Bogol-Tang group was significantly decreased compare to control group. 5. The change of serum bone alkaline phosphatase in Bogol-Tang group was significantly decreased compare to control group. 5. The change of serum bone alkaline phosphatase in Bogol-Tang group was significantly decreased compare to control group. 6. The change of1 serum calcium in Rhynchosia volubilis lour. group was significantly decreased compare to control group. 7. The change of phosphorus in Carthami semen group and Rhynchosia volubilis Lour. group was significantly decreased compare to control group. 8. The change of serum cholesterol and triglyceride of experimental groups were decreased in comparison with control group. 9. The change of serum AST(Aspartate aminotransferase : GOT) in Rhynchosia volubilis Lour. group was decreased compare to control group. 10. The change of serum ALT(Alanine aminotransferase : GPT) in Bogol-Tang group was decreased compare to control group.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.235-247
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan coating on the attachment, proliferation, functional and morphological change of human gingival fibroblasts. Primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. In experimental group, cells were inoculated in the multiwell plates coated with chitosan in concentration of 0.02, 0.2, and 2 mg/ml. Cell counting and MTT assay were done after 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6 and 24 hours of incubation to evaluate the cell attachment, and then after 2 and 7 days of culture to evaluate the cell proliferation. The alkaline phosphatase activity was measured after 4 and 7 days of culture and the ability to produce mineralized nodules was evaluated after 21 days of culture. The results were as follows : The morphology of cells on the chitosan-coated well was round or spheric. Round cells were aggregated since 6 hours of culture and showed nodule-like appearance after 24 hours of culture and did not achieved confluency at 7 days. The attachment of gingival fibroblasts was inhibited by chitosan coating with a tendency of dose dependent pattern. But, cellular activity of unit cell was higher than control. The proliferation of gingival fibroblasts was inhibited by chitosan coating at 2 mg/ml(P<0.01), while the cell proliferation at 0.02, 0.2 $mg/m{\ell}$ was comparable to the control well. Total alkaline phosphatase activity was inhibited by chitosan coating and decreased in the course of time. While ALP activity of unit cell was the highest at 2mg/ml after 4 days of culture. Finally, gingival fibroblasts produced the mineralized nodule at 2 mg/ml. In summary, the attachment, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity of gingival fibroblasts were influenced differently by the concentration of coated chitosan. From this study, it could be used as the matrix of tissue engineering for gingiva without inhibition on proliferation of gingival fibroblasts using chitosan at the optimal concentration (0.02mg/ml).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.747-757
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• 2000

Cyclosporin A(CsA) is an immunosuppressive agent widely used for preventing graft rejecting response in organ transplantation. The basic properties of CsA to osteoblast has not been well known yet. A better understanding of the mechanisms of CsA function on bone could provide valuable information regarding basic properties of bone remodeling, pharmacotherapeutic intervention in metabolic bone disease, and the consequences of immunosuppression in bone physiology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CsA on osteoblast by evaluating parameters of proliferation, collagen synthetic activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and ALP mRNA expression in mouse calvarial cell. 1. CsA ($3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) treated mouse calvarial cell showed statistically significant increase in cell proliferation.(P<0.05) 2. CsA($1,\; 3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) treated MC3T3 cell line showed statistically significant increase in cell proliferation. 3. The amount of collagen of CsA($3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) treated mouse calvarial cell was decreased statistically significantly. 4. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased statistically significantly in CsA treated group($1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). 5. mRNA expression of ALP was increased in CsA treated group These results suggest that CsA could affect bone remodeling by modulating proliferation & differentiation of osteoblast.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties and biological response of an anodized titanium surface by cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity analysis. Methods: Commercial pure titanium (Ti) disks were prepared. The samples were divided into an untreated machined Ti group and anodized Ti group. The anodization of cp-Ti was formed using a constant voltage of 270 V for 60 seconds. The surface properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and an image analyzing microscope. The surface roughness was evaluated by atomic force microscopy and a profilometer. The contact angle and surface energy were analyzed. Cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity were evaluated using mouse $MC_3T_3-E_1$ cells. Results: The anodized Ti group had a more porous and thicker layer on its surface. The surface roughness of the two groups measured by the profilometer showed no significant difference (P>0.001). The anodized Ti dioxide ($TiO_2$) surface exhibited better corrosion resistance and showed a significantly lower contact angle than the machined Ti surface (P>0.001). Although there was no significant difference in the cell viability between the two groups (P>0.001), the anodized $TiO_2$ surface showed significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (P<0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that the surface modification of Ti by anodic oxidation improved the osteogenic response of the osteoblast cells.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1999

ALP (alkaline phosphatase) is a membrane-bound metalloenzyme that is expressed in osteoblasts, hepatocytes, lung, kidney, endothelial cells, leukocytes and other cells. Normal soft tissue and skin show little tissue nonspecific ALP (TN-AP), However, scar tissue contains high levels of TN-AP activity, and in fact, TN-AP is expressed intensely in regenerating connective tissue after the wounding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of ALP expression in hypertrophic scar model in rabbits and the effect of triamcinonolone on ALP expression. Adult male New Zealand white rabbits, weighing about 2.5 kg, were used. After full-thickeness wounding over the ventral surface of each ear, either saline (control ear) or triamcinolone (contralateral ear) was injected on day 16. Rabbits were sacrificed on day 3, 7, 15, 17, 19, 23, and the specimens were retrieved en bloc. Histologic and immunohistochemical examinations of tissue samples were done. The results obtained were as follows: On day 3, ALP reaction was observed on fibroblasts and inflammatory cells in wound margin. On day 7, ALP reaction was more intense than day p in capillaries, inflammtory cells, and fibroblasts behind newly formed epithelium. On day 15, ALP reaction was lessened in both groups and appeared mainly in subepidermal capillary network, Since day 17, ALP reaction was lessened in both groups and weaker in triamcinolone-injected group than in saline-injected group. These results suggest that ALP reaction isn't increased in triamcinolone-injected scar and triamcinolone reduces scar not by increasing TN-AP expression but other mechanism.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2005

In order to investigate the effect of dietary zinc and phytic acid levels on enzyme activity and lipid metabolism in rats, male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing approximately 60-74g, were fed different diets which contained 0, 0.35 or $1.05\%$ phytic acid each at 3 levels of zinc (0, 30 and 1500ppm zinc) for 28 days. Body weight gain, food consumption, and food efficiency ratio were lower in the rats fed a zinc deficient diet (0ppm zinc) than those consuming 30 or 1500ppm dietary zinc. The activities of GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase were lower in the rats consuming 30ppm zinc than those fed 0 or 1500ppm zinc diet. The activity of GOT was increased in rats consuming $0.35\%$ phytic acid, whereas that of alkaline phosphatase was decreased in the rats fed phytic acid-containing diet. The concentration of phospholipid in serum was higher in rats fed $0.35\%$ dietary phytic acid, whereas that of liver phospholipid was higher in zinc deficient groups, and increased by addition of dietary phytic acid. The concentration of triglyceride in serum from rats fed 30ppm zinc was lower than those fed 0 or 1500ppm zinc On the other hand, liver triglyceride was higher in both the rats fed 30ppm zinc and $0.35\%$ phytic acid. The concentration of serum total cholesterol was lower in the rats fed 30ppm zinc diet, and it was increased by addition of dietary phytic acid. But liver total cholesterol was higher in 30ppm zinc group. HDL-cholesterol in serum was the highest in both rats consuming 30ppm zinc and $0.35\%$ dietary phytic acid, and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol was higher in rats consuming 30ppm zinc diet. In conclusion, we suggest that coronary heart disease or liver disease can be prevented with phytic acid in rats which are fed the high zinc diet.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.157-173
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• 2014

The main purpose of this study was to investigate factors that affect bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean adult women ($20{\sim}80{\leq}yr$). Data on BMD, anthropometric (height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat), and biochemical (total cholesterol, vitamin D, and alkaline phosphatase) measurements were obtained from the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES, 2008~2011). Overall, the BMD of subjects had decreased from year to year: the T-scores decreased from 0.657 (2008~2009) to 0.295 (2010~2011) in 40~49 yr group and from 0.076 to -0.081 in 50~59 yr group. Age was negatively associated with BMD (T-scores of 0.388 in 20~29 yr group and -1.952 in ${\geq}80yr$ group for total femoral). BMD continuously increased with increased weight and body mass index (BMI). High values of total cholesterol (T-scores of -0.005 in 201~229 mg/dL group and -0.094 in ${\geq}230mg/dL$ group for total femoral) and alkaline phosphatase (T-scores of 0.481 in ${\geq}102IU/L$ group and -0.674 in ${\geq}336IU/L$ group for total femoral) were associated with lower BMD. Overall height, weight, and BMI were positively associated with BMD, whereas total cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were negatively associated with BMD. Findings of the present study show that bone loss may be associated with various factors such as age, weight, BMI, total cholesterol, and ALP et al., and that much attention should be paid to bone health of adult women. Therefore, practical and systematic programs are required to improve the BMD of adult women as well as to maintain healthy bone levels.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.289-298
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• 2005

Bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7), a member of the transforming growth factor superfamily, stimulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. There are lots of evidences supporting a direct participation of periodontal ligament(PDL) cells on periodontal tissue regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant human(rh) BMP-7 on primary rat PDL cells in vitro, with special focus on the ability of bone formation. The PDL cells were cultured with rhBMP-7 at the concentration of 0, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200ng/ml for MTT assay. We evaluated the alkaline phosphatase activity at 3 and 5 days of incubation and the ability to produce mineralized nodules of rat PDL cells at 14 days of cell culture in concentration of 0, 10, 25, 50 and 100ng/ml. The cell activity was not reduced in cells treated with BMP-7 at $10{\sim}100ng/ml$, whereas the cell activity was reduced in the concentration of 200ng/ml than the control at day 1 and 3(p<0.01). At 3 and 5 day, alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased in cells treated with BMP-7 at 50ng/ml and 100ng/ml(p<0.05). The area of mineralized bone nodule was greater in cells treated with BMP-7 at 50 and 100 ng/ml than the control(p<0.01). These results suggest that rhBMP-7 stimulate rat PDL cells to differentiate toward osteoblast phenotype and secretion of the extracellular matrix of rat PDL cells.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2006

Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$는 염증성 골질환에서의 골조직의 손실과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 본 연구에서는 인체 골수 유래 중간엽 줄기세포의 골세포로의 분화과정에 대한 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 영향을 조사하였다. $TNF-{\alpha}$는 골수 유래 중간엽 줄기세포의 골세포로의 분화를 나타내는 표시인 세포외 무기질 축적과 alkaline phosphatase의 발현의 증가를 일으켰으며 2ng/ml의 농도에서 최대의 증가를 나타내었다. $TNF-{\alpha}$에 의한 골세포로의 분화는 $NF_kB$의 저해제에 의해서는 영향받지 않았으나 JNK 특이 저해제인 SP600125에 의해 완벽하게 억제되었다. 이는 $TNF-{\alpha}$에 의한 골수 유래 중간엽 줄기세포의 골세포로의 분화과정에 JNK가 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 제시한다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1214-1220
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• 2008

Secondary metabolites from the fruit body of Phellinus linteus were evaluated for their proliferative effect on human osteoblast-like cells. 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazole-2-y1]-2,5-diphenyl-tetraxolium bromide (MTT) assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay were used to assess the effect those isolates on the human osteoblast-like cell line (Saos-2). Activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of ALP-activating phenolic compounds through the extraction of P. linteus, solvent partitioning, and repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel (ODS) column chromatographic separations. From the result of spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR), the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one(1), 2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole-5-aldehyde (2), 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one (3), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (4), and protocatechuic acid methyl ester (5), respectively. This study reports the first isolation of compounds 1-3 and 5 from P. linteus. In addition, all phenolic compounds stimulated proliferation of the osteoblast-like cells and increased their ALP activity in a dose-dependent manner ($10^{-8}$ to $10^{-1}\;mg/mL$). The present data demonstrate that phenolic compounds in P. linteus stimulated mineralization in bone formation caused by osteoporosis. The bone-formation effect of P. linteus seems to be mediated, at least partly, by the stimulating effect of the phenolic compounds on the growth of osteoblasts.