• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2020

This study investigated microbiological safety of employees' hands, dining tables, and indoor air in cooking areas and lunchrooms in child care centers. Microbiological tests were performed according to the Korea Food Code. Total numbers of aerobic bacteria and coliform bacteria were measured as 5.8±1.9 log CFU/hand and 4.0±2.4 log CFU/hand on employees' hands, and 4.3±3.0 log CFU/100 ㎠ and 2.6±3.3 log CFU/100 ㎠ on dining tables. Bacillus cereus were detected in two cases each of employees' hands and dining tables, respectively. The analysis of microbiological contamination of indoor air in chid care centers showed that the total numbers of aerobic bacteria and coliform bacterial were 28±7.2 CFU/plate and 3.1±2.9 CFU/plate, respectively. Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus were counted as 1.7±0.2 CFU/plate and 1.6±0.5 CFU/plate from the indoor air in child cate centers. These results indicate that indoor-air in child care centers is considered more safe compared to previous reports. In conclusion, it is necessary to carry out hygienic management using alcohol-based disinfectants before meals to remove microorganism contamination on dining tables and hands. In order to reduce microbial contamination in indoor air, it is also deemed necessary to freshen the sanitary caps, masks, and clothing of the catering staff with periodic ventilation of indoor air.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of microorganisms and the degree of contamination in the air of the dental clinics and to offer basic data as to the contamination of medical equipment and the prevention of the clinics. With this in mind, the researcher gathered air samples from the waiting rooms and medical offices of nine dental clinics in the city of J, South Korea with the use of a method of natural inattention and an air sampler and cultivated the samples on the plain table and drew from it bacteria falling and separated and sorted out the colony with the help of ATB and detected the distribution of the germs. The results are following, The number of bacteria falling in the air of the dental clinics was less than 10(CFU/Plate) with the exception of one dental clinic. This implies that they fit in with standards for hygiene. The number of bacteria falling in the air of the medical offices was less than 10(CFU/Plate) with the exception of one dental clinic. This implies that they fit in with standards for hygiene. The survey on the detection of staph. aureus reveals that all the dental clinics with the exception of B dental clinic proving to be positive had non-pathogenic staphylococci detected. The survey on the detection of pathogenic gram negative bacilli indicates that all the dental clinics but one were none detected. The survey on the distribution of germs shows that germs in 7 out of 9 dental clinics were none detected, and that they in four out of 9 waiting rooms were none detected. All the germs detected in the others were mostly non-pathogenic. The study shows that all the subject dental clinics but one were hygienically controlled and that there was a difference in accordance with cleaning and sterilization. This means that dental clinics should be equipped with systematic programs for cleaning and sterilization designed to prevent infection.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.438-444
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• 2015

The aim of this research was to apply a HACCP system (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) to fermented milk. The main ingredients of fermented milk, work facilities and workers were obtained from a company named YD, which is located in Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si between November 5 2013 to April 13, 2014. A manufacturing process chart was prepared by referring to the manufacturing process of fermented milk manufacturers in common. The manufacturing process chart was made with raw materials; Raw milk, High Fructose Corn Syrup, Oligosaccharides, Lactic Acid bacteria and Subsidiary ingredients, Warehousing of packaging materials, Storage, Input, Preheating, Mixing, Homogeneity, Sterilization, Precooling, Culture, Filtration, In packaging, Out packaging, Storage, and Consignment, as listed Table 1. The results of the microbiological hazard analysis on the raw materials was safe after sterilization($90^{\circ}C{\pm}5^{\circ}C$, $35{\pm}3min.$) On the other hand,a microorganism test of an environment and workers suggested that the microbiological hazard should be reduced through systematic cleaning and disinfection accompanied by improved personal hygiene based on hygienic education on workers and the management of microorganisms in air.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2011

Table strapis patient fixture for securing the patient movements and falls. if it designed to measure the abdominal circumference and used as an indicator of dose selection at CT scan. it will prevent the overexposure of dose without degradation of image quality and efficiently manage dose of each type of body to technician to deal with CT. First, in order to compare the dose used in CT image and qualitative characteristics. reference image is obtained by examining the abdominal phantom in same conditions with the hospital 120 kVp, 200 mAs, D-Dom (Dynamic Dose Of Modulation). SNR, PSNR, RMSE, MAE, CTDIvol of CT images are compared with reference image. for comparing with reference image, the image that Umbilicus level image of Abdomen CT is stored in the PACS were used. For comparison, the top 12 o'clock portion of the air drawn from the same ROI was measured. CTDIvol, mAs, etc. In order to analyze the characteristics of the image, by measuring the length of the umbilicus circumference, pattern of the dose was analyzed. by using the analyzed perimeter and dose information, To be identified visually, fixed band that scale marked were produced. Use them, If the length of circumference of less than 60 cm 100 mAs, Case of 61~80 cm 120 mAs, Case of 80~100 cm 150 mAs, more than 100 cm 200 mAs, dose selection based on the perimeter, the image was applied. by compare analyzed with the Reference Image, image quality was assessed. by compare with existing tests that equally 200 mAs applied, How much was confirmed that the dose reduction. 1. Depending on the Abdominal circumference, the average PSNR(dB) of the image that differently dose applied was 45.794. 2. Comparing with existing test. the dose of scan that adjusted the mAs depending on the circumference was decreased about 40%. SNR and PSNR of the image that obtained by adjusting the standard mAs based on dose modulation were not much different. Therefore, By choosing a low mAs. dose reduction can be obtained. and the dose selection method that measured Abdominal circumference using a fixed band can protect the overexposure and uniformly apply dose of each type of body to technician to deal with CT.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.71-72
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• 2001

최근 수출오이의 재배 면적이 계속증가 추세에 있어 '99년 현재 143ha에 달하고 있다. 그러나 수출오이는 국내 오이와 재배방법이 상당히 달라 국내 오이는 주지착과형이지만 수출오이는 측지착과형으로 측지의 발생여부에 따라 수확량의 차이가 심하다. 따라서 수출오이의 성공여부는 측지발생을 어느정도 시키느냐에 달려 있다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 그런데 수출오이의 재배시기는 우리나라에서 재배환경이 가장 불량한 겨울철(10-2월)로, 저온 및 투광량 부족 등으로 인하여 측지발생율이 매우 저조하다. 따라서 본 시험은 수출오이의 측지 발생율을 높이고자 지중가온기 설치 여부에 따른 효과를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 그 결과, 생육(Table 1)은 접수의 줄기 직경이 지중가온 처리시 10.22mm로, 무가온의 8.64mm보다 굵었고, 엽장과 엽폭에 있어서도 지중가온 처리가 무가온 처리보다 좋았다. 곡과 발생수에 있어서도 지중가온 처리는 주당 0.73개가 발생하였으나, 무가온은 1.26개가 발생되어 지중가온 처리시 무가온에 비해서 생육이 좋아지고, 곡과 발생이 적었다. 주당 측지발생수(Table 2)는 지중가온구가 13.7개였고, 무가온구는 11.7개로 지중가온을 하면 측지발생수가 증가함을 알수 있었다. 또한 상품수확과수에 있어서도 지중가온구는 주당 45개인데 반해 지중무가온구는 38개였으며 따라서 전체적인 수량이 10a당 8,100kg으로, 무가온구의 6,840kg보다 18%의 증수효과가 있었다. 따라서 수출오이재배시 지중가온을 하면, 측지발생수가 증가하고 특히 장측지(Fig. 1)가 다수 발생하여 측지 수확과수가 증가하며, 곡과 등 기형과 발생이 감소하여 상품수량이 증가되므로써 기존 지중 무가온 재배에 비해 14% 소득향상 효과를 기대할 수 있다.시 생장이 둔화되었다. 밀폐시킨 삼각플라스크에서 자라는 Cell은 상태도 좋지 않고 전반적인 증식량도 적었다. Cell은 환기정도에 민감한 것으로 판단되며 삼각플라스크에서 약 35일 정도의 생장 주기를 가지는 것으로 사료된다. 배양 3주까지는 플라스틱 뚜껑으로 밀폐시킨 bottle에서 가장 많은 체세포배를 얻었다. Air filter를 달아 2일 마다 신선한 공기를 넣어 주었을 때는 배의 발달이 많이 늦어져 배양 3주째에 다른 처리보다 배의 수가 훨씬 적었다. 체세포배가 발달하는 동안에는 산소를 많이 요구하지 않으나 성숙하는 동안에는 산소를 많이 요구하는 것으로 생각된다.적인 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 곡선형은 물론 직선형에서도 열교환 튜브의 배치밀도, 튜브 길이 및 두께 등의 변화에 따른 최적화 연구가 수반되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.에서 제공된 API는 객체기반 제작/편집 도구에 응용되어 다양한 멀티미디어 컨텐츠 제작에 사용되었다.x factorization (NMF), generative topographic mapping (GTM)의 구조와 학습 및 추론알고리즘을소개하고 이를 DNA칩 데이터 분석 평가 대회인 CAMDA-2000과 CAMDA-2001에서 사용된cancer diagnosis 문제와 gene-drug dependency analysis 문제에 적용한 결과를 살펴본다.0$\mu$M이 적당하며, 초기배발달을 유기할 때의 효과적인 cysteamine의 농도는 25~50$\mu$M인 것으로 판단된다.N)A(N)/N을 제시하였다(A(N)=N에 대한 A값). 위의 실험식을 사용하여 헝가리산 Zempleni 시료(15%$S_{XRD}$)의 기본입자분포로부터 %$S_{XRD}

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.202-208
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• 2019

Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is one of the most important migratory pests damaging rice in Korea. It invades annually from tropical and subtropical areas via continental air streams. It is necessary to determine the resistance levels of rice varieties in order to control efficiency. The honeydew excretion, development, and reproduction of the migratory BPH were studied by region in a laboratory at $25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and $65{\pm}5%\;RH$ and a 16L: 8D photoperiodism conducted on three BPH resistant genes: Bph1, Bph2, and Bph18. The information obtained was reported using the jackknife method, and we created life table statistics accordingly. The feeding amount of Bph1 resistant gene was lower than that of resistant genes. The developmental periods of immature stages ranged from $13.7{\pm}0.10d$ on Bph2 (Namhae, 2015) to $18.5{\pm}1.06d$ on Bph2 (Sacheon, 2016). Reproductive period and female longevity were longest on the non-resistant genes, Bph2 and Bph18 (except 1980s), and the highest fecundity of N. lugens was observed on the two BPH resistant genes. Highest net reproductive rates ($R_0$) were calculated on Bph2 by region. Intrinsic rates of population increase ($r_m$) showed a difference in resistant genes by region. These population parameters showed that migratory regions and biological characteristics of N. lugens vary annually.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 1983

A study on the qualify changes of fish meat during drying and storage has been carried out with filefish meat. Filefish meat was dried in a forced air dryer at 40 and $55\%$ for 20 hours with an air velocity of 0.4 m/sec under different conditions of relative air humidities in the range of 10 to $50\%$. The dried fish meat was stored at $30^{\circ}C$ in chambers with constant relative humidities controlled by the use of conditioned air stream passing through the saturated salt solutions. The qualify of filefish meat was evaluated with the brown color densities developed by lipid oxidation and Maillard reaction. Changes of viable cell count during drying and storage were also discussed. The predominant reaction for the brown color developed during the study period was the lipid oxidation. The lipid oxidation rate during drying at constant temperature was appreciably affected by water activities at the drying surfaces of filefish meat during the falling drying rate period. The lipid oxidation rate was the slowest under the condition of the relative air humidity of around $30\%$. In samples stored at water activity of 0.33, the lipid oxidation rate was retarded remarkably in comparison with the samples with lower or higher water activities. The addition of $1\%$ table salt, $1.5\%$ D-sorbitol and $6\%$ sucrose slightly lowered the water activity with the slowest lipid oxidation rate. Such additives resulted the increase of the water soluble brown color densities, which seemed due to the increase of mobility of the water soluble substances by the result of the increase of equilibrium water content. Microflora of the samples immediately after drying consisted of ca. $30\%$ of coccus types, ca. $65\%$ of rod types and ca. $5\%$ of molds and yeasts. During the storage of the samples with a water activity of 0.76, the ratio of the coccus types to the total microflora was increased remarkably while that of the Gram negative non-spore rod types was decreased. The ratios of the Gram positive rod types, molds and yeasts during the storage were nearly constant.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.41-58
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• 1991

The cooling degree days and the number of cooling days are used as important research materials not only in the field of design for building and cooling facilities but also in the government's establishment of energy policy. The purposes of this dissertation are to clarify the distribution of the cooling degree days and the number of cooling days by using the daily mean air temperature of 95 weather stations in Korea, and to show the distribution charts of the same cooling degree days and the same number of cooling days in order to help the practical uses of the materials. In cases of the base temperatures $24^{circ}C$, $25^{circ}C$, $26^{circ}C$, and $27^{circ}C$, the cooling degree days and the number of cooling days are shown in Table 5. The distribution charts of the same cooling degree days and the same number of cooling days are shown in Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 and Fig.9 to Fig. 11 respectively. As a result of this dissertation, Jeju Island and southern inland regions(especially Jeonju, Daegu, Gwangju) have a larger value than central regions and northern regions because of the influences of the terrain effect, and western coast regions have usually a larger value than eastern coast regions at the same latitude. The largest value appears in August of the year and the second in July, and the smallest in September. And southern inland area surrounded by Imshil, Goechang, and Boeun has a much smaller value than the other areas of its vicinity.

• Strategy21
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• s.40
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• pp.190-215
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• 2016

As North Korea's asymmetric threats are growing, there have been numerous discussions to find out effective counter-measures and many official plans and procurements efforts have been established. However, discussions on ROK Navy's roles in countering North Korea's asymmetric threats have been taken place very limitedly. Decision makers and military planners put enormous efforts in getting counter-measures, however, most of the options on the table are systems of Army and Air Force. This is true if one looks at components of Kill-Chain, KAMD, and KMPR. With worsening security environment of the Korean peninsula, it has been said by many commentators that ROK Navy needs to consider expanding its roles in countering against North Korea's asymmetric military threats. They asked ROK Navy to go beyond the mind-set that has confined Navy's roles in deterring North Korean naval threats. That is, ROK Navy should fight 'from the sea' as well as fight 'on the sea.' If ROK Navy begins to think about fight 'from the sea,' there would be many possibilities for the Navy to be a part of countering North Korea's asymmetric military threats. In order to pursue proactive roles in countering North Korea's asymmetric threat, ROK Navy needs to consider various options. Massive missile forces, nuclear-propelled submarines, naval special forces may be some of them. With those measures, ROK Navy would launch massive and decisive attacks from the sea without risking survivability of our forces. Considering North Korean Navy's weakness, it is very probable that sea would be safer place than ground or sky. Expanding ROK Navy's roles and being a proactive deterrent forces against North Korean asymmetric threats would provide very reliable counter-measures to South Korean military. Thus, military planners should think how to take the best advantage of expanded ROK Navy's roles and capabilities against North Korean asymmetric threats.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1969

Three Combinations of cloths were evaluated for the protective effects of different kinds of clothings in cold environments. Table 1 shows the components of the three models of clothings. A prototype was made by putting a sheet of vinyl at the middle layer of raw cotton in a fabric-quilt cloths. A glove mannequin was covered by each of these cloths. The globes contained 1,000 cc of hot water about $40^{\circ}C$. Tele-thermistors were fixed in order to check the temperature of cloths space and water temperature for evaluation of calorie-loss and climate of clothings. Results are summarized as follows: 1) Without wind, there is no significant difference of air temperatures between sti-parka and quilt-wear clothing. 2) The prototype with vinyl sheet best protects against wind, the next is the ski-parka. Quilt-wear protects the least. 3) It is well-known that a working-clothing needs not have any separate liners nor outers. 4) For innermost layer of a clothing preventing cold, a cotton-fabrics is recommended and a water-proof cloths for outer layer. 5) Heat-loss was calculated from the cooling degrees of water. Calorie-loss was $910cal/m^2/hr$. when bared, but with the prototype of vinyl sheets the calorie-loss was $350cal/m^2/hr$. (38.5% of bared). Quilt-wear and ski-parka were 380(41.8%) and $440cal/m^2/hr$. (48.4%) respectively.