• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.63-66
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• 1999

MF membrane element was specially designed for water purification and VSA process which can solve the fouling problem. Especially VSA process is developed for the SK Chemical's asymmetric microfiltration hollow fiber membranes. In case of outside-to-in filtration process, MF membrane element showed the excellent flux stability caused by cleaning ability of VSA process. Simultaneous back- washing with VSA considerably enhances cleaning efficiency. Form the result, the possibility of the replacement of chemical coagulation and sand filtration process with newly developed VSA process was revealed.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.33-40
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• 2004

Combustion of coke/anthracite in an iron ore sintering bed is characterized quantitatively by introducing newly defined parameters related to propagation and thickness of combustion zone and maximum temperature. The parameters are obtained by sintering pot experiment and I-D, unsteady numerical model which treats solid material as multiple solid phases. Experiments and calculations are performed for various major operating parameters: air inlet velocity, different type of fuels which have different reactivity and diameter of the solid fuel. Effects of the operating parameters on the productivity and quality of the sintering process are investigated and evaluated quantitatively and the results show that optimized air supply rate and diameter of anthracite for replacement of coke can be obtained. This approach can be applied to other kinds of combustors for characterization of the combustion in the solid fuel beds.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.707-714
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• 2001

This paper presents the fundamental study on rational manu(acture of Very High Strength(VHS) concrete using industrial by-products as like silica fume, slag and fly ash. In this study, we had tested various mixing cases to manufacture the VHS concrete(target compressive strength : over 1,000 kgf/$cm^{2}$) which is easily workable (target slump flow : 60$\pm$l0cm), The main variables studied are; 1) test variables to find the optimum replacement ratio of mineral admixture, 2) test variables to find a rational water-binder ratio, a proper binder content, 3) test variables to find the method for reduction of slump loss, 4) test variables to know the influence of air entrainment on frost resistance. From the test results, it is concluded that the rational mix design can be made by using 40% slag, 10% silica fume, and water reducing agent(slump loss reduction type). We found that it is unnecessary to entrain air for freeze-thawing resistance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.270-271
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• 2014

In this study, a replacement ratio of blast furnace slag coarse aggregate and a water binder ratio by an optimum combination of PHC file was investigated. As a results, the target strength 78.5MPa was altogether satisfied in a mix proportion 28-G100-SG0 and W/B ratio 26 %. The surface rupture was generated in 28-G0-SG100 combination after curing with the autoclave. According to the result of measuring the ingredient, the majority were the MgOH2 hydrate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.395-402
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• 1990

The semicontinuous production of blue pigment from gardenia fruit by immobilized cells of Bacillus subtilis KS-380 which excreted $\beta$-glucosidase was investigated in comparison with free cells, . The blue pigment produced higher productivity under the conditions of aeration of 0.2m$\ell$/min and 2mm diameter of gel beads by using 3.5% sodium alginate. Semicontinuous production by immobilized cell showed the highest productivity with replacement of fresh production medium in every 24hr for fourth fermentation cycle following the conditions of blue pigment productivity.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.228-233
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• 2007

This paper presents the case studies on the friction related wears of an automotive tire, which is strongly connected to the safety and comfort of a driver during a running of a car. Wear scars of a tire tread are affected by various causes such as an air pressure, a wheel alignment, a driving speed, road conditions, starting and braking habits of a driver. The data were collected from used tires for a replacement at the car service center. Most of the wear problems came from the improper repair and adjustment of revolving components, which cause an unbalanced wear of a tread part of a tire. Thus, the regular checking of a tire radically reduces the wear scars of a tire and may increase a driving safety and a fuel economy of a car and a wear life of a tire.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 1995

An automatic method is developed for the determination of SOx in atmosphere. The method involves SOx sampling in diffusion scrubber followed by ion chromatographic analysis. Filtered air is withdrawn at 1.8.ell./min through a diffusion scrubber of which inner tube is made of PTFE(Gore-tex) membrane tubing. 1mM $H_{2}$ $O_{2}$ is used as absorbing solution so that SOx is oxidized to S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$. The scrubbered solution is automatically injected into ion chromatograhpy eith conductivity detection for sulphate determination. Replacement of commonly used polyproplene membrane with PTFE gives several merits such as easy preparation of diffusion scrubber, better collection efficiency. No measurable memory effect is experienced, and this isin contrast to previous work for ammonia. Detection limit of this method defined by three times standard deviation is 0.56ppbv. The precision is 0.4% RSD at SOx concentration of 7.3ppbv Results for Seoulatmosphere ate presented.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-40
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• 2009

This paper describes the development of modified heat of hydration and maturity-strength models for concrete containing fly ash and slag. The modified models are developed based on laboratory and literature test results, which include different types of cement, fly ash, and slag. The new models consider cement type, water-to-cementitious material ratio (w/cm), mineral admixture, air content, and curing conditions. The results show that the modified models well predict heat evolution and compressive strength development of concrete made with different cementitious materials. Using the newly developed models, the sensitivity analysis was also performed to study the effect of each parameter on the hydration and strength development. The results illustrate that comparing with other parameters studied, w/cm, air content, fly ash, and slag replacement level have more significantly influence on concrete strength at both early and later age.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.695-700
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• 2006

For the precise superheat temperature control of an air conditioner, an electronic expansion valve may be used instead of a thermal expansion valve. In this paper, technical and economical aspects of expansion valves were studied in order to find out the possibility to use an electronic expansion valve to replace a thermal expansion valve.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.406-420
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• 1995

As concerns increase over the dangers of environmental destruction on a global scale, CFC regulations have finally been carried out and some CFC's are expected to be phased out by the end of 1995. The research for alternative refrigerants is very demanding. The major activities related to alternative refrigerants are focused on two different areas; one is the development of mixed refrigerants by using the existing refrigerants, and the other is the development of new HFC refrigerants. One of the most promising alternative refrigerant for CFC-12 is HFC-134a. HFC-134a has often been used as a replacement of CFC-12 for automotive air-conditioners. However, due to different thermodynamic properties of HFC-134a, performances of the replaced system are degraded compared with those of the CFC-12 system. Sometimes, the complete redesign of the system is required. In order to analyse and design the new system effectively, the developement of a system simulation program, in which HFC-134a can be selected as a refrigerant, is recommended. Therefore, the summary of this research is as follows : (1) The various thermodynamic properties of HFC-134a are ana lysed and programmed. (2) The model for serpentine heat exchanger is developed and programmed. (3) These subroutines are integrated to develop to develop an automotive air conditioning system simulation program which is verified by the test results. (4) The verified program is used to analyse the performance of a selected automotive air conditioning system.