• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2003

The Yellow River began ceasing affected by natural factors and the unreasonable human activities. The flow broke in the Yellow River and water and sediment flowing into the sea decreased, which lowered the speed of newly formed wetland extending to the sea. The water environment deteriorated; Its composing structure tended to be unsteady; The biologic diversity decreased and wetland function reduced. To ensure that the Yellow River delta and its ecosystem develops sustainablly, it is significant to reduce times and days of the ceasing, keep certain runoff and sediments in the river to the sea and make its watercourse stable.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.153-169
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• 2004

This study attempted to identify relative evaluation to its attributes and improvement of consumer's demand in the Environment-Friendly Agricultural Products(EFAP). To identify the consumption patterns of EFAP, a series of household surveys were conducted for housewives residing in Seoul and its metropolitan area(Bundang and Ilsan). the sample size of the survey is 366 respectively. This study operated relative evaluation of EFAP by Multi-Demential Scales(MDS) about 10 attributes that this study set up. As the result, the consumers recognized that EFAP is "protection of ecosystem", "food safety", "good for growth of children", "high quality", and in case of conventional farming products is "inexpensive price", and "diversity of purchasing items". This trend has significant implications to the structure of EFAP output and how positioning strategies, and approaches should be properly formulated and implemented.

• 농촌계획
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2009

Owing to the industrialization, the urbanization and cultivation abandonment actual condition, the most abandoned farmlands increased. Those results have occurred inefficient land use and destruction of agricultural ecosystem with the secondary succession. The research for the abandoned farmlands of Korea is fundamental phase. Also, the researches to restore abandoned farmlands are something yet to develop and not established the restoration for ecological value of abandoned farmlands. The objective of research revealed the ecological functions of abandoned farmlands and it presented an application plan. The research method divided in the literature and case study. Using abandoned farmlands, Japan government tries to create the ecological parks for the conservation of a vulnerable plant species, dragonfly biotope, environmental education and research, etc. Accordingly, the goal for the abandoned farmlands coulds be set suitably to Korean situation as of Japanese styles which are characterized by man-made biotopes.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2015

본 연구는 보리-벼 이모작 작부체계의 논 생태계에 설치한 개방형 $CO_2$ 플럭스시스템과 자동개폐식 챔버형 $CH_4$ 측정시스템에서 관측된 탄소관련 온실가스 자료와 작물 생장량자료를 활용하여 논 생태계의 연간(2012.10.20~2013.10.21) 탄소수지를 분석하였다. 결론적으로 농작물의 생육인자와 환경인자는 $CO_2$의 순 생태계교환량(NEE)에 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었고, $CH_4$ 배출량은 영농활동(특히 물관리)에 따라 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 2012~2013년 벼-보리 이모작 작부체계의 논 생태계에서 보리 재배기간에는 단위면적($m^2$)당 100.2g의 탄소를 흡수하고 벼 재배기간에는 $m^2$당 374.1g의 탄소를 흡수하였지만, 휴경기간에는 토양호흡의 형태로 $m^2$당 41.2g의 탄소를 배출하여 연간 총 $433.1g\;m^{-2}$의 탄소를 흡수하는 것으로 분석되었다. 여기에 농작물의 수확에 따른 논 생태계의 탄소 배출량과 $CH_4$ 형태로배출되는 탄소량을 포함한 연간 순생물상생산량(NBP)은 $184.7g\;C\;m^{-2}$으로 추정되어, 보리-벼 이모작 작부체계의 논 생태계는 탄소 발원인 것으로 평가되었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2016

본 연구는 영년생 작물 중 배 재배지의 탄소수지 평가를 위하여 전남 나주 욱곡리 배 재배지에서 토양호흡, 초본류의 생태계순생산량 그리고 배 과수의 바이오매스와 배 재배지에서의 생태계순교환량을 측정하였다. 2015년 배 재배지의 연간 토양호흡량은 약 $25.6ton\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$이었다. 바이오매스 측정을 통해 측정된 배나무 수체에 저장된 $CO_2$ 양은 $(-)27.9ton\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$이었으며, 전정된 가지에 저장된 $CO_2$ 양은 약 $(-)12.6ton\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$이었다. 배 재배지 임상 하부에 자생하는 초본류 광합성에 의해 흡수된 $CO_2$ 양은 $(-)5.2ton\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$이었다. 이를 배 재배지 단위에서의 $CO_2$ 배출량과 흡수량으로 구분하여 보면, 연간 1 ha당 약 25.6 ton이 대기 중으로 배출되었으며 대기로부터 흡수된 $CO_2$는 약 (-)45.7 ton이었다. 이를 합산하면 연간 약 (-)20.1 ton의 $CO_2$가 대기 중으로부터 배 재배지로 흡수되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 미기상학적인 방법을 이용하여 측정한 배 재배지 대기와 작물 및 토양권 간의 연간 $CO_2$ 교환량 $(-)17.8ton\;ha^{-1}$와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 다양한 접근 방법을 이용한 연구는 배 재배지뿐만 아니라 영년생 작물 재배지 단위에서 농업생태계 구성요소들 간의 $CO_2$ 흐름을 파악하여 보다 효율적인 탄소수지 평가 연구를 위한 방법론을 제시하고 향후 농업생태계가 탄소 흡수원으로서 인정받기 위한 후속 연구의 기초 데이터로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2011

물방개과의 전국분포를 파악하고자 2005년부터 2007년까지 3년간 전국 138개 시 군에 있는 곡간지 논과 평야지 논 총 290지점에서 조사하였다. 우리나라 전국의 논에서 확인된 물방개과는 총 15속 26종이었다. 전국 논에서 채집된 물방개과의 26종 중 곡간지 논에서는 24종이 확인되었고, 평야지 논에서는 19종이 확인되었다. 논에 서식하는 물방개과 중에서 전국적으로 그 출현빈도가 매우 낮은 희귀종으로는 동쪽깨알물방개, Laccophilus lewisioides, 노랑무늬물방개, 외줄물방개, 점톨물방개, 맵시등줄물방개, 검정머리땅콩물방개, 큰알락물방개, 알락물방개, 잿빛물방개 및 물방개로 총 11종으로 확인되었다. 채집된 물방개류 종별 평균 크기는 2.0 mm ~ 35.0 mm로 나타났다. 들녘 논에 비교적 넓게 분포하는 종은 꼬마물방개, 애기물방개 2종 이었고, 큰땅콩물방개, 땅콩물방개, 모래무지물방개 등은 들녘 논에서 거의 발견되지 않는 희귀종이었다. 희귀종을 제외한 대부분의 물방개류는 전국의 곡간지 논에서 발견되었다. 특이적으로 모래무지물방개는 거의 경상남도에서 발견되었으며, 가는줄물방개는 경상남도를 제외한 지역에서만 발견되어 이 두 종간에 상호 경쟁관계가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 이와 같이 거의 모든 물방개류의 전국적 분포범위는 곡간지 논의 교란형태 즉 물의 공급방식, 비오톱과의 연계성 및 각 종의 몸 크기의 차이에 따른 먹이에 대한 경쟁관계 등이 복합적으로 작용하여 평야지에서의 물방개과 수서생물의 분포를 제한하는 것으로 판단된다. 논 서식 생물에 대한 전국적인 분포조사는 국가생물다양성 보전의 측면에서 중요하며, 서식지의 물리적 환경 및 영농관리형태와의 연계성에 대한 정밀한 분석을 통하여 이들 종의 생물다양성을 증진시키는 요인을 찾아내는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1286-1294
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• 2011

This paper reviews the future directions and perspectives on the soil environmental researches in the 21 century. Previously, the principal emphasis of soil environmental researches had put on the enhancement of food and fiber productions. Beside the basic function of soil, however, the societal needs on soil resources in the 21st century have demands for several environmental and social challenges, occurring regionally or globally. Typical global issues with which soil science should deal include food security with increasing agronomic production to meet the exploding world population growth, adaptation and mitigation of climate change, increase of the carbon sequestration, supply of the biomass and bioenergy, securing the water resource and quality, protection of environmental pollution, enhancing the biodiversity and ecosystem health, and developing the sustainable farming/cropping system that improve the use efficiency of water and agricultural resources. These challenges can be solved through the sustainable crop production intensification (SCPI) or plant welfare concept in which soil plays a key role in solving the abovementioned global issues. Through implementation of either concept, soil science can fulfill the goal of the modern agriculture which is the sustainable production of crops while maintaining or enhancing the ecosystem function, quality and health. Therefore, directions of the future soil environmental researches should lie on valuing soil as an ecosystem services, translating research across both temporal and spatial scales, sharing and using data already available for other purposes, incorporating existing and new technologies from other disciplines, collaborating across discipline, and translating soil research into information for stakeholders and end users. Through the outcomes of these approaches, soil can enhance the productivity from the same confined land, increase profitability, conserve natural resource, reduce the negative impact on environment, enhance human nutrition and health, and enhance natural capital and the flow of ecosystem services. Soil is the central dogma, final frontier and new engine for the era of sustainability development in the $21^{st}$ century and thus soil environmental researches should be carried according to this main theme.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2020

Wild pollinators provide important pollination services for crops. However, their geographical ranges and impact on pollination services have not been fully explored within the scope of Korean agricultural land. This study aims to identify spatial supply-demand mismatches across orchard fields in the context of assessing pollination service risk. We first used National Ecosystem Survey data and a species distribution model (MaxEnt) to develop the geographic range of each of 32 wild pollinators belonging to three families (Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera). We then summed the modeled presence probability of each species to obtain a measure of spatially explicit pollinator richness. This modeled richness, defined as pollination supply, was compared with the summed area of orchard fields at the municipal boundary level to identify areas with supply-demand mismatches. The study found that Lepidoptera showed the highest species richness (8.3±1.5), followed by Hymenoptera (4.3±0.8) and Diptera (3.5±0.8) species. Median orchard area was 1.5 ㎢ (range of 0-176.7 ㎢) among 250 municipal regions in South Korea. The municipal regions were divided into three categories (tertiles) of low, middle, and high pollination supply and demand according to, respectivley, average polliator richness and orhard area. Finally, we found that 55 municipal regions (accounting for 49% of national orchard land) potentially faced high risk of pollination deficits, 81 regions (48% of national orchard land) faced intermediate risk, and 63 regions faced low risk (3% of national orchard land). In conclusion, this study revealed significant mismatch between pollination supply and demand and developed risk assessment map will guide our future efforts on pollinator habitat conservation and monitoring to conserve crop pollination services.

• 농촌계획
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2023

Data is indispensable for digital transformation of agriculture with the development of innovative information and communication technology (ICT). In order to devise and prioritize strategies for enhancing data competitiveness in the agricultural sector, we employed an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis. Drawing from existing research on data competitiveness indicators, we developed a three-tier decision-making structure reflecting unique characteristics of the agricultural sector such as farmers'awareness of the data industry or awareness of agriculture among data workers. AHP survey was administered to experts from both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors with a high understanding of data. The overall composite importance, derived from the respondents, was rated in the following order: 'Employment Support', 'Data Standardization', 'R&D Support', 'Start-up Ecosystem Support', 'Relaxation of Regulations', 'Legislation', and 'Data Analytics and Utilization Technology'. In the case of experts in the agricultural sector, 'Employment Support' was ranked as the top priorities, and 'Legislation', 'Undergrad and Grad Education', and 'In-house Training' were also regarded as highly important. On the other hand, experts in the non-agricultural sector perceived 'Data Standardization' and 'Relaxation of Regulations' as the top two priorities, and 'Data Center' and 'Open Public Data' were also highly rated.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.75-95
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Increase of heavy metals in agricultural ecosystem has become a social issue nationwide as it is related to public health. This review was performed to find out more systematic and integrated future researches on heavy metals using up to date articles published in the Korean journals related to agricultural environment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Researches on heavy metals in agricultural soils and plant uptake were categorized by the establishment of criteria, analytical methods, monitoring, management of source, characteristics and behavior in soil, plant uptake, bioavailability affecting physico -chemical properties in soil, risk assessment and soil remediation. In the early 1990s, the monitoring for heavy metals in soil has been widely performed. Accumulation of heavy metals in contaminated soil and availability to plants has also attracted interests to study the soil remediation using various physico-chemical methods. The phytoavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals have been mainly studied to assess the safety of agro-products using risk assessment techniques in the 2000s. CONCLUSION: Future direction of research on heavy metal in agricultural environment must be carried out by ensuring food safety and sustainability. A steady survey and proper management for polluted regions should be continued. Law and regulation must be modified systematically. Furthermore, studies should expand on mitigation of heavy metal uptake by crops and remediation of polluted fields.