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Geographical Distribution of Diving Beetles (Dytiscidae) in Korean Paddy Ecosystem

우리나라 논 서식 물방개과의 지리적 분포

  • Han, Min-Su (Climate Change and Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Myung-Hyun (Climate Change and Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Bang, Hea-Son (Climate Change and Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Na, Young-Eun (Climate Change and Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Deog-Bae (Climate Change and Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kang, Kee-Kyung (Climate Change and Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA)
  • 한민수 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 김명현 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 방혜선 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 나영은 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 이덕배 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 강기경 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과)
  • Received : 2011.03.30
  • Accepted : 2011.05.15
  • Published : 2011.06.30

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The paddy ecosystem is periodically disturbed with a relatively consistent cycle in short term. However, in long term aspect, the paddy as habitats of organisms has been affected by the change in farming practices. Accordingly, the composition and their densities of fauna species inhabiting the wet paddy has been changed. The geological distribution of a species is very helpful to understand the past and current status of habitats and biodiversity. METHODS AND RESULTS: We monitored 290 sites of open plain paddy or terraced valley paddy located in 138 cities or counties of South Korea and analyzed examine geological distribution of a taxon of freshwater invertebrates, diving beetles (Dytiscidae) which inhabited the paddy ecosystem. This survey was conducted from 2005 through 2007. The total species of diving beetles found in the paddy were identified to be 15 genus 26 species among the family of Dytiscidae. Among them, 24 species were found in the terraced valleys-in paddy fields, and 19 species were found in the open plain paddy fields. Eleven species of them were rarely found in the paddy. The average body size of the adult diving beetles of each species was between 2.0 and 35.0 mm. Most of the diving beetle species except for 11 species with rare frequency of occurrence were found in almost all sites of the terraced valley paddy fields but three species (Agabus browni, Agabus japnicus, and Ilybius apicalis) were not found in the open plain paddy fields. The species distributed relatively widely over some sites of the open plain paddy fields were Guignotus japonicus, and Rhantus pulverosus. Specifically, Ilybius apicalis was found in a specific region, the east-southern part of Korean peninsula, whereas Coelambus chinensis was found only in valley paddy field of the region where Ilybius apicalis was not found. Overall distribution range of diving beetles in open plain paddy fields was limited to few area than in terraced valley paddy fields. CONCLUSION(s): The differences in the range of distribution of diving beetles between terraced valley paddy fields and open plain paddy fields was thought to be the result of an complex action of physico-chemical environments such as annual water status and the degree of chemical application involving differences in the extent of disturbance of the paddy ecosystem, the connectivity of the paddy to an adjacent biotope, and interrelationships among competitors.

물방개과의 전국분포를 파악하고자 2005년부터 2007년까지 3년간 전국 138개 시 군에 있는 곡간지 논과 평야지 논 총 290지점에서 조사하였다. 우리나라 전국의 논에서 확인된 물방개과는 총 15속 26종이었다. 전국 논에서 채집된 물방개과의 26종 중 곡간지 논에서는 24종이 확인되었고, 평야지 논에서는 19종이 확인되었다. 논에 서식하는 물방개과 중에서 전국적으로 그 출현빈도가 매우 낮은 희귀종으로는 동쪽깨알물방개, Laccophilus lewisioides, 노랑무늬물방개, 외줄물방개, 점톨물방개, 맵시등줄물방개, 검정머리땅콩물방개, 큰알락물방개, 알락물방개, 잿빛물방개 및 물방개로 총 11종으로 확인되었다. 채집된 물방개류 종별 평균 크기는 2.0 mm ~ 35.0 mm로 나타났다. 들녘 논에 비교적 넓게 분포하는 종은 꼬마물방개, 애기물방개 2종 이었고, 큰땅콩물방개, 땅콩물방개, 모래무지물방개 등은 들녘 논에서 거의 발견되지 않는 희귀종이었다. 희귀종을 제외한 대부분의 물방개류는 전국의 곡간지 논에서 발견되었다. 특이적으로 모래무지물방개는 거의 경상남도에서 발견되었으며, 가는줄물방개는 경상남도를 제외한 지역에서만 발견되어 이 두 종간에 상호 경쟁관계가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 이와 같이 거의 모든 물방개류의 전국적 분포범위는 곡간지 논의 교란형태 즉 물의 공급방식, 비오톱과의 연계성 및 각 종의 몸 크기의 차이에 따른 먹이에 대한 경쟁관계 등이 복합적으로 작용하여 평야지에서의 물방개과 수서생물의 분포를 제한하는 것으로 판단된다. 논 서식 생물에 대한 전국적인 분포조사는 국가생물다양성 보전의 측면에서 중요하며, 서식지의 물리적 환경 및 영농관리형태와의 연계성에 대한 정밀한 분석을 통하여 이들 종의 생물다양성을 증진시키는 요인을 찾아내는 것이 필요하다.

Keywords

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