• 농촌계획
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Population growth and increasing consumption of resources in the process of the industrial development has caused environmental pollution, climate change, and resource exhaustion. Therefore 'sustainable development' has become the important issue for the future. The sustainable development aims at effective resource use, less environmental impacts, and higher social security. Generally the rural area including agricultural fields and forest has various and plentiful natural resources which could make future development sustainable. To develop potential rural resources, the values for energy, environment and economy should be assessed considering the life-cycle of resources. The purposes of this study are to suggest the E3 (Energy, Environment, and Economy) assessment model for rural biomass considering life-cycle of resource and to apply the model to rice, the major agricultural product. As the results of this study, it turned out through E3 assessment that economic gain of rice cultivation is 578,374 won/10a, carbon absorption is $1,530kgCO_2/10a$, carbon emission is $926.65kgCO_2/10a$, and bio-energy potential of by-product is 394,028 kcal/10a. When E3 assessment was applied to by province, the results varied by regions because of the amount of input during cultivation. These results would be useful to realize the rural biomass and design regional resources plan in integrated E3 perspective.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.986-993
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• 2001

In balance experiments with rats either 25 or 50% of the casein protein in the control diet was replaced with one of the following eight sun-dried tropical biomass products: water spinach plants (WS) (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk), leucaena leaves (LL) (Leuceana leucocephala), duckweed plants (DW) (Lemma minor L.), groundnut foliage (OF) (Arachis hypogaea L.), trichantera leaves (Tric) (Trichantera gigantea), indicago leaves (Ind) (Indigofera hirsuta), mungbean foliage (Mb) (Phaseolus aureus), and cassava leaves (CL) (Manihot esculenta Crantz). The experiment included 102 rats with six individuals per treatment group. In three of the 16 biomass treatment groups, feed intake and weight gain of the rats were unacceptably low, and therefore they were excluded from the statistical evaluation, The crude protein (CP) content of the biomass products varied between 20.9% (Tric) and 33.2% (DW), whereas the content of NDF varied between 18.5% (Ind) and 32.2% (DW) of dry matter (DM). The total content of essential amino acids (g/16 g N) was comparable with that of alfalfa meal, except for GF and Tric, which were inferior. Between plant species, differences in dietary digestibility of organic matter (dOM) and CP (dCP) were observed (p<0.001). Also, the replacement level negatively influenced dOM and dCP (p<0.001). The lowest values for dOM (p<0.001) were observed for diets including biomass products with the highest content of NDF (OF, Tric, Mb, LL). Digestibility of CP was negatively affected by level of protein replacement. Significant (p<0.001) differences were found in N-retention and biological value among diets with different biomass products. The most favourable overall results were obtained for DW, WS and CL. The main factors affecting the nutritive value of the diets tested were their NDF content, dCP and AA profile of the biomass. Also antinutritive component(s) may have influenced the process of digestion and metabolism of some of the biomass products.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2005

굴패각으로부터 제조된 굴패화석 비료 시용이 토양의 미시환경에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 토양 내 microbial biomass 함량과 주요 토양효소의 활성을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 굴패화석 시용량이 증가함에 따라 토양 내 microbial biomass C, N, P 함량이 크게 증가하였으며, 양분의 가급화와 관련 있는 주요 토양효소의 활성이 크게 증진되었다. 본 연구조건에서 굴패화석 시용에 따른 산성토양의 pH 개선은 microbial biomass P 함량 증진과 urease, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, alkaline phosphomonesterase의 활성증진에 직접적으로 영향을 주었으며, microbial biomass P와 phosphomonoesterase 활성증진은 유효인산 함량증진에 직접적으로 영향을 준 것으로 조사되었다. 결론적으로 약산성의 공시토양에 알카리성 제재인 굴패화석 시용은 토양생물과 효소 활성을 증대함으로써 작물생육에 필요한 양분공급 및 가용율 향상시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.70-86
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• 2024

Termites are a serious threat to wood-based products in Indonesia. This study investigated the termite resistant property of glulam made from polystyrene-modified wood. Three tropical fast-growing wood species, namely mangium (Acacia mangium), manii (Maesopsis eminii), and rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), were prepared for flat-sawn laminae. After getting air-dried condition, the laminae were impregnated with polystyrene using potassium peroxydisulphate as a catalyst followed by polymerization at 80℃. Polystyrene-impregnated and control glued-laminated lumbers (glulams) were manufactured, and solid wood was provided. Three wood species and three wood products with six replicates were exposed in a field in Bogor, Indonesia, for four months, and before the tests, their density and moisture content were measured. At the end of the field tests, the weight loss and protection levels of each test sample were determined. A completely randomized factorial design was used for data analysis. The weight percentage gains for mangium, manii, and rubberwood were 22.30%, 18.22%, and 10.44%, respectively. The results showed that manii belonged to low-density wood, whereas the other two woods were medium-density wood, and the moisture content was the ambient moisture content, typical of the Bogor area. Regarding weight loss and protection level, mangium was the most durable against subterranean termite attacks, followed by rubberwood and manii. Among the wood products, the polystyrene-impregnated glulam presented the highest durability, followed by the control glulam and solid wood. Therefore, mangium and rubberwood polystyrene-impregnated glulams are recommended for future product development.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.241-245
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• 2011

본 연구는 유기재배 벼 시비에 있어서 주로 이용되는 유기자재가 토양화학성과 벼의 수확량과 품질에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 구명하기 위해서 수행되었다. 전남지역 벼 유기재배에서 양분공급원으로 많이 이용되는 금수강산골드를 compost I으로 하였다. 식물성 성분이 많이 함유된 자재(쌀겨팰렛$^{(R)}$)를 compost II, 생선가공부산물을 별도로 추가 제조한 자재(참달콤$^{(R)}$)를 compost III, 그리고 동물성과 식물성이 혼합된 자재(한가위$^{(R)}$)를 compost IV로 나누어서, 벼 이앙 후에 표층시비로 토양에 골고루 처리하였다. 유기자재내의 탄소 :질소율이 상대적으로 낮았던 compost I과 III가 compost II와 IV에 비교하여 시기별로 유기자재내 질소의 무기태화가 빠르게 진행되었다. 유기자재에 따른 토양의 화학성은 별다른 영향을 받지 않았고 토양의 시기별 유기물 함량은 유기자재 투입량이 많았던 compost II와 IV가 높게 나타났고 이는 biomass C에도 영향을 주었다. 처리에 따른 벼 수확량은 시용 첫해에는 compost I에서 높았지만 시용 2년차와 3년차에는 처리에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

• 청정기술
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2014

식물로부터 유래하는 바이오매스를 25% 이상 함유하는 바이오 베이스 플라스틱은 탄소배출을 억제하는 효과가 있고, 한정된 자원인 석유의 소비량을 줄일 수 있으며, 산화생분해 첨가제를 추가 적용하면 폐기 후에는 미생물에 의해 생분해(Biodegradable)되기 때문에 친환경적인 소재이다. 본 연구에서는 폴리에틸렌에 산화생분해 첨가제, 4종류 식물체 바이오매스, 불포화 지방산, 구연산을 첨가하여 생분해성 및 물성변화를 관찰하였다. 초기 신장율과 인장강도 등의 물성이 우수한 자연에 분해되는 바이오 플라스틱 필름을 제조하여 식품포장재로서의 제품 안전성을 시험하였다. 옥피, 대두피, 왕겨, 소맥피의 식물체를 Air classifying mill로 분체한 후, 저밀도 폴리에틸렌, 선형저밀도 폴리에틸렌, 기타 첨가제를 고속혼합기에서 혼합한 후, 호퍼에 투입한 다음 용융혼합하면서 다이스로 압출하여 4 가지 다른 형태의 두께 $50{\mu}m$의 바이오 필름을 제조하였다. 기계적 물성으로 인장강도 및 신장율을 측정하였으며, 생분해 실험을 실시하였다. 옥피, 대두피, 왕겨, 소맥피로 제조된 필름 중 소맥피로 제조된 필름의 인장강도 및 신장율이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 산화생분해 시험방법에 의해 45일간 생분해 테스트를 한 결과 표준물질인 셀룰로오스 분말 대비 51.5%의 생분해를 나타내었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.174-178
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• 2017

Fungal mycelium-based composite materials (FMBC) are a new biomaterial to replace the existing composite materials. To compete with lightweight, high-performance composite materials represented by fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP), various physical and chemical properties and functionality must be secured. Especially, the composite materials made by using mycelium of mushroom is called mushroom plastic. Currently, Ecovative, Grado Zero Espace and MycoWorks in USA and Europe are launching new products. Products utilizing FMBC can be launched in the market for construction materials, automobile interior materials and artificial leather substitutes. In spite of this high possibility, mass production using FMBC has not yet been reported. This review introduces the FMBC, a material that can replace existing plastics, inorganic building materials and animal skins in an environmentally and economically viable way, and looks at the possibility of future biomaterials by summarizing recent research contents.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2019

본 연구는 농가에서 손쉽게 구할 수 있는 농축수산 부산물인 어분, 골분, 참깨박을 대상으로 액비 발효과정 중 이화학성 특성과 제조된 액비 처리에 따른 무 종자 발아 및 토마토 처리에 따른 작물 생육과 토양 환경에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 수행하였다. 어분, 골분, 참깨박 액비 제조 시 발효기간 동안 액비의 pH는 발효가 진행될수록 골분 > 어분 > 참깨박 액비 순으로 높아졌으며 EC농도는 액비 3종 모두 30일까지 급격히 증가하다가 이후 변화가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 액비의 질소 함량은 발효가 진행될수록 모두 증가하였으며 어분 > 골분 > 참깨박 액비 순으로 높았다. 인산 함량도 발효가 진행될수록 증가하였으며 참깨박 액비가 1.0 % 로 가장 높게 나타났다. 액비 종류별 희석배수에 따른 무 종자의 발아율과 발아지수 결과는 어분과 참깨박 액비 10배 희석 처리구를 제외하고는 모든 처리구에서 95 % 이상의 발아율을 나타냈으며 발아지수는 액비가 희석될수록 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 액비 처리에 따른 토마토 생육 및 수량은 액비 처리간에 유의한 차이는 없었으며 화학비료 처리구에 비해 토양 중 유기물 함량, 미생물 밀도 그리고 미생물체량이 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터 유기자원을 활용한 액비 특성은 재료에 따라 차이가 있으며 유기농작물 재배 시 액비 시용으로 양분관리가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.693-724
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• 2021

The in-vitro meat is a novel concept in food biotechnology comprising field of tissue engineering and cellular agriculture. It involves production of edible biomass by in-vitro culture of stem cells harvested from the muscle of live animals by self-organizing or scaffolding methodology. It is considered as efficient, environmental friendly, better ensuring public safety and nutritional security, as well as ethical way of producing meat. Source of stem cells, media ingredients, supply of large size bioreactors, skilled manpower, sanitary requirements, production of products with similar sensory and textural attributes as of conventional meat, consumer acceptance, and proper set up of regulatory framework are challenges faced in commercialization and consumer acceptance of in-vitro meat. To realize any perceivable change in various socio-economic and environmental spheres, the technology should be commercialized and should be cost-effective as conventional meat and widely accepted among consumers. The new challenges of increasing demand of meat with the increasing population could be fulfill by the establishment of in-vitro meat production at large scale and its popularization. The adoption of in-vitro meat production at an industrial scale will lead to self-sufficiency in the developed world.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1262-1271
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• 2021

L-Malic acid (L-MA) is widely used in food and non-food products. However, few microorganisms have been able to efficiently produce L-MA from xylose derived from lignocellulosic biomass (LB). The objective of this work is to convert LB into L-MA with the concept of a bioeconomy and environmentally friendly process. The unique trifunctional xylanolytic enzyme, PcAxy43A from Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6, effectively hydrolyzed xylan in untreated LB, especially corn hull to xylose, in one step. Furthermore, the newly isolated, Acetobacter tropicalis strain H1 was able to convert high concentrations of xylose derived from corn hull into L-MA as the main product, which can be easily purified. The strain H1 successfully produced a high L-MA titer of 77.09 g/l, with a yield of 0.77 g/g and a productivity of 0.64 g/l/h from the xylose derived from corn hull. The process presented in this research is an efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly biological process for the green production of L-MA from LB.