• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.387-401
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• 2010

Purpose: The work of Dental technician which is part of national dental health, is more specialized recently. This research provides fundamental data from analyzing student's career consciousness according to needs of a career education. Here is the conclusion of the analysis about student's career consciousness, that is for a right choice of career. Methods: This study did questionnaire to a dental Laboratory Technology student who locate in Taegu. Question response student number was 570 people. Response contents analyzed to 506 people except imperfect questionnaire. Data used windows sas 8.0 program and did descriptive statistical analysis. Results: There is a meaningful difference in what they want to know about an occupation according to ages. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) All ages are similar to their occupational thinking, however they who are under twenties consider working environment. Most motives of an entrance are similar, there is a meaningful difference. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) According to a grade of college, there is a meaningful difference how to obtain informations of a career. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) Sophomores and juniors obtain information from seniors or family, however freshmen obtain from the internet because of an accessibility. There is a meaningful difference of a job meaning between men and women. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) Men are working for a means of living. But women give weight to a self-development. The older they grow, the more they know about their aptitude. Selecting subjects are different choosing time & motive. According to ages and where they are from, there is a meaningful difference how much know about their aptitude. (${\rho}$ < 0.05) Older Students know more than young students. Selecting subjects are different choosing time & motive. In accordance with a grade, ages, and where they are from, there are different degrees about how much know their interests. There is a meaningful difference of a choosing major period and choosing informations. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) And also there is a meaningful difference where they are from and why they enter to College. (${\rho}$ < 0.001) In accordance with a grade, ages, and where they are from, there are different degrees about how much know their aptitude. There is a meaningful difference of a choosing major period. (${\rho}$ < 0.01) And also there is a meaningful difference why they enter to College. (${\rho}$ < 0.001) Conclusion: Although we know that a career education is very important, however lots of students select a career without their aptitude & interest & character. We need to teach a career education systematically; considering students career consciousness, with a proper career guidance, cultivating career consciousness.

• 암석학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.231-241
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• 2011

경기육괴 북서부에 위치하는 철원분지 철원층군은 경상분지 유천층군에 대비되어 왔지만 이의 연령은 이보다 상당히 오래되었다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이 연구에서는 철원분지 화성암류에 대해 SHRIMP U-Pb 저어콘 연령을 측정하였다. 저어콘에서 구한 평균연령은 유문암이 $115.0{\pm}1.1Ma$, 화강반암이 $111.24{\pm}0.85Ma$와 $109.1{\pm}1.1Ma$를 보여준다. 그리고 지장봉응회암의 최소연령은 113 Ma를 보여준다. 유문암의 연령은 동막골응회암의 분출 직후에 칼데라 함몰을 지시하는 환상암맥의 관입시기를 한정하고, 지장봉응회암의 최소연령은 아마도 철원분지에서 마지막 화산작용을 의미한다. 따라서 철원분지의 화산암류는 압티안 후기에 분출되었으며 철원층군은 경상분지 신동층군에 대비된다. 그리고 철원분지에서 심성작용은 화산작용이 끝나면서 111.2~109.1 Ma 시기에 일어났다. 지장봉응회암의 저어콘들로부터 측정한 연령분포는 철원분지 주변의 백악기, 쥬라기, 트라이아스기, 신원생대, 고원생대와 시생대 근원암에서 유래된 외래 저어콘의 존재를 지시한다. 그러나 시생대 연령은, 지표에 노출되지 않지만, 아마도 지하에 시생대 암층이 존재함을 암시해준다. 이와 같은 다양한 연령분포에 의하면 지장봉응회암이 분출시킨 화구는 연대가 다른 여러 암층이 층서적으로 겹치고 관입암이 교차하는 지역에 위치한다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2012

경기육괴의 북서부에 위치한 영흥도-선재도-대부도는 지구조적 중요성에도 불구하고 지질 및 지질연대 자료가 거의 없는 지역이다. 우리는 이 지역에 산출하는 변성퇴적암의 암상과 쇄설성 저어콘의 U-Pb 연대를 밝히는 연구를 수행하였다. 연구 지역의 변성퇴적암은 대부분 규암-변성사암 및 규암과 편암의 호층대로 이루어져 있으며, 규암 역을 포함하는 석회질 역질 사암, 석회질 편암 그리고 변성이질암이 소규모로 산출한다. 변성이질암에는 석류석 반상변정이 두드러지게 산출하며, 변성이질암 내의 석영맥에서는 남정석 또는 홍주석이 백운모와 함께 산출한다. 두개의 변성사암 시료에서 분석한 쇄설성 저어콘들은 신시생대(~2.5 Ga), 고원생대(~2.0-1.5 Ga), 신원생대(~1.1-0.7 Ga), 초기 고생대(~560-400Ma) 연대가 우세하게 분포하며, 가장 젊은 연령의 군집은 ~420 Ma에서 나타난다. 이러한 결과는 분석된 변성사암이 실루리아기 이후, 아마도 데본기에 퇴적되었음을 시사하며, 태안층에서 보고된 쇄설성 저어콘의 연령분포와 유사하다. 이와 함께 임진강대 변성퇴적암에서도 유사한 쇄설성 저어콘의 연령분포와 바로비안형 변성상이 보고되었다. 따라서, 경기육괴 서부에 산출하는 태안층은 임진강대의 서남 연장부에 해당될 것으로 판단된다.

• 복식
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• 제1권
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• pp.131-150
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• 1977

The new sense of costume is controlled by silhouette. The sense of the times is sensitively reflected in silhouette. For we can perceive the transition of the times through silhouette it is significant to know what course of changes the western costume, which almost became the international costume today, had been going through. I began with the definition and condition of silhouette in this study of silhouette. I took a general survey of silhouette study-ing various kinds of silhouette and the relation between the material and silhouette. I sought the factors which causec the changes in costume and also studies the process of the changes The process of the costume changes is studied by the order of ancient times, mediaeval times, mordern ages and present days. I selected one representative silhouette of women's costume of each period. The darpery form of the ancient time's costume became the tunic form and the tunic form became the tight tunic form today. From this we can perceive that the Gothic period was the limitation of westrn costume. It means that the ancient times was the period of drapery, the midiaeval times was the period of transition from tunic into tight tunic and the modern ages is the period of development of tight tunic. In Egyptian period thin materials were used for costume which was worn in exposed style. In Greek period the costume had the drapery style. The Roman's magnificent costume resembled the Greek's. The mediaeval costume was formed in Byzantium where the northern Europe style of costume was mixed with the gay oriental costume. The Romanesque and Gothic period followed the Byzantine period completing the midiaeval costume. Tight tunic is developed in modern ages. Italian fashion of tight tunic was the first fashion of the modern ages. Germanic and spanish fashion came after it. As Baroque period opened the French royal costume became magnificent and added Brition fashish to it. With the commencement of the modern ages the royal fashion came to an end. Modernages became peaple's period and the costume was simplified. After the First world wav designers and fashion books appeared with the development of technology. Thus the period of fashion industry came. For the designers in 20th country competed to create new designs, the fashion was changed year by year. The simplicity and practicality are not ignored in design, arid the designers added more atristic sense to dresses.

• 한국인구학
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 설문조사자료를 이용하여 1940년대 이후 출생한 우리나라 여성들의 연령별 출산율, 연령별 누적출산율, 결혼연령을 5개의 출생코호트별로 살펴보고 위험도 모형을 이용하여 결혼연령 및 결혼 이후 초산까지의 간격에 영향을 미치는 요인을 각각 분석하였다. 먼저 연령별 출산율을 보면 출생시기가 늦은 코호트일수록 출산율이 최고수준에 이르는 연령이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 연령별 누적출산율은 50년대 코호트와 60년대 코호트의 경우 각각 직전 코호트에 비해 누적출산율이 크게 하락하였으나 70년대 코호트나 80년대 코호트는 60년대 코호트에 비해 누적출산율에 있어서 별다른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결혼연령을 보면 최근의 출생코호트로 올수록 결혼연령이 높아졌다. 한편, 결혼 위험도 모형을 추정한 결과에 의하면 여성의 출생시기가 늦을수록 그리고 교육수준이 높을수록 결혼연령이 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며 특히 출생시기의 영향은 그간 진행된 여성의 취업기회의 확대와 여성의 상대적 지위의 향상 등 경제적 및 사회문화적 변화를 종합적으로 반영하는 것으로 해석된다. 다음으로 결혼 이후 첫 자녀의 출산 위험도의 경우에는 출생시기나 결혼시기 모두 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 한편, 결혼 이후에도 상당기간 취업상태를 유지한 여성의 경우 출산 위험도가 크게 낮았으며 또한 중졸 이하 학력을 가진 여성은 여타 수준의 학력을 가진 여성에 비해 출산 위험도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 여성의 취업이나 낮은 가구소득이 출산율을 낮추는 중요한 요인임을 의미하는 것으로 중요한 정책적 시사점을 가진다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.508-516
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• 2019

Background: Ginsenosides are not only the principal bioactive components but also the important indexes to the quality assessment of Panax ginseng Meyer. Their contents in cultivated ginseng vary with the growth environment and age. The present study aimed at evaluating the significant difference between 36 cultivated ginseng of different cultivation areas and ages based on the simultaneously determined contents of 14 ginsenosides. Methods: A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) method was developed and used in the multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode (HPLC-MRM/MS) for the quantitative analysis of ginsenosides. Multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis, was applied to discriminate ginseng samples of various cultivation areas and ages and to discover the differentially accumulated ginsenoside markers. Results: The developed HPLC-MRM/MS method was validated to be precise, accurate, stable, sensitive, and repeatable for the simultaneous determination of 14 ginsenosides. It was found that the 3- and 5-yr-old ginseng samples were differentiated distinctly by all means of multivariate statistical analysis, whereas the 4-yr-old samples exhibited similarity to either 3- or 5-yr-old samples in the contents of ginsenosides. Among the 14 detected ginsenosides, Rg1, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, 20(S)-Rf, 20(S)-Rh1, and Rb3 were identified as potential markers for the differentiation of cultivation ages. In addition, the 5-yr-old samples were able to be classified in cultivation area based on the contents of ginsenosides, whereas the 3- and 4-yr-old samples showed little differences in cultivation area. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the HPLC-MRM/MS method combined with multivariate statistical analysis provides deep insight into the accumulation characteristics of ginsenosides and could be used to differentiate ginseng that are cultivated in different areas and ages.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2008년도 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.74-75
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• 2008

This study is for geochemical relationships between ginsengs and soils from three representative soil types from Keumsan, shale, phyllite and granite. For these study, ginsengs, with the field and weathered soils were collected from the three regions, and are analysed for the major and trace elements. In the weathered soils(avg.), the granite and phyllite areas are high in the most of elements while the shale area is low. In the correlation coefficients, negative correlations are shown in the $Al_2O_3$-MgO pair while positive correlations, are shown in the Ba-Sr, Zr, Sr-Zr and Cs-Ge pairs. In the field soils(avg.), the granite and phyllite areas are, generally, high in the most of elements while the shale area is low. In the shale area, the major elements are high in the 4 year soils, but low in the 2 year soils. The LFS(Ba, Sr, Cs) and transitional elements are high in the 2 year soils, but low in the 4 year soils. The HFS(Y, Zr) is high in the 4 year soils. In the correlation coefficients, most of the elements from the 4 year show positive relationships. Positive correlations are shown in the $Al_2O_3$-CaO, MnO-MgO, V-Tl, and Ba-Sr pairs in all localities. In the ginseng contents, clear chemical differences with the ages are shown in the shale and granite ares, but not clear in the phyllite area. In the shale area Mn, Mg, Ba, Sr, and Y contents, increase with ages but decrease in Al, Cs, Be and Cd. In the correlation coefficients, degrees of the correlations for the major elements become low with the ages. Positive correlations are shown in the Al-Mn, Ti, Mn-Ti, Mg-Ca, Ca-K, Ba-Cs, Y and Cs-Y pairs. Comparisons with ginsengs of the same ages from the different areas suggest that generally, the 2 years in the shale and 3 and 4 years in the granite area are distinctive. Relative ratios(granite/ shale area) of the ginsengs are below 1 in the major elements except Mn in the 2 year ginsengs and above 1 in the other elements except Mg and Na in the 4 year. Relative ratios(granite/ phyllite area) of the ginsengs are high in the 3 year from the phyllite area. In the relative ratios(weathered/field soils) of the soils, numbers of the elements showing the ratios of above 1 increase from the shale, to phyllite and granite in the case of the major elements, but decrease in the case of the trace elements. These results suggest that major elements are high in the granite while trace elements are high in the shale area. In the relative ratios between field soils and ginsengs(field soils/ginseng), the shale area, regardless of the ages, show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y and Tl, of several ten times in the MnO, MgO and Ba and of several times in the CaO contents. These results suggest that ginseng contents are significantly different from the field soils in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y and Tl, but similar in the CaO contents. The phyllite area, regardless of the ages, show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y, Tl and Be, of several ten times in the MnO, MgO, $Na_2O$ and Ba, and of several times to ten times in the CaO, $K_2O$ and Sr contents. These results suggest that ginseng contents are significantly different from those of the field soils in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Y, Tl and Be, but similar in the CaO, $K_2O$ and Sr contents. The granite area, regardless of the ages, show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Tl and Be, of several ten times in the Ba, and of several times to ten times in the MgO and CaO contents. Of the other elements, differences of several times to ten times are shown in the MnO, $K_2O$ and Sr contents. These results suggest that ginseng contents are significantly different from those of the field soils in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Tl and Be, but similar in the $K_2O$ and Sr contents. Comparisons among the different ages from the same area suggest that, in the case of shale area, differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$ and $TiO_2$, of the several ten times in the MnO, MgO and Ba and several times in the CaO and $K_2O$ are shown in the 2 year ginsengs. Differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Cs, Y, Tl and Be, of above several ten times in the MnO, MgO, $K_2O$ and Ba, and of several times in the CaO and Sr are shown in the 3 year ginsengs. Differences of several hundred to thousand times in the $Al_2O_3$, of above several hundred times in the $TiO_2$, Cs and Y, and of several ten times in the MnO, MgO, $K_2O$ and Ba, and of several times in the $Na_2O$ are shown in the 4 year ginsengs. These relationships suggest that, regardless of the localities in the shale area, $Al_2O_3$ contents of the soils show big differences from those of the ginsengs. Regardless of the ages of ginsengs, comparisons with the overall average contents of each area show differences of several hundred times in the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Cs and Tl and of several ten times in the MnO. These overall relationships suggest that the $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, Cs and Tl contents of the soils are higher than those of the ginsengs, show big differences between two and low different contents are found in the MnO. In detail, differences of several hundred times in the Y, and ten times in the MgO and Sr, and of several times in the CaO, $Na_2O$, $K_2O$ in the case of shale area, are shown. These results suggest that the soils are higher than the ginsengs in the Y and significantly differences in Y, and moderately differences in the MgO and Sr, and low differences in the CaO, $Na_2O$ and $K_2O$ are shown between soils and ginsengs.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2006

고양이의 연령에 따른 난포의 분포를 알아보고 난포의 배양과 난자 생산의 가능성을 알아보고자 0.3세부터 5세까지의 총 41 마리 고양이를 난소 적출술 후 사용하였다. 고양이 난소의 무게와 크기를 측정하고 난포의 분포를 알아보기 위해 난소를 10% formalin에 보관한 후 고정된 난소를 $3{\mu}m$-sections으로 자른 후 조직 슬라이드를 준비하여 hematoxylin와 eosin으로 염색하였다. 난포의 분포를 200 배율와 400 배율 현미경하에서 평가하였으며 난포를 원시 난포(primordial), 일차 난포(primary), 이행성 난포(transitional), 전동난포(preantral), 동난포(antral)로 분류하여 관찰하였다. 단순 기계적인 방법에 의해 전동난포(preantral follicles)를 분리하여 배양배지가 담긴 96 microliter plates well로 옮겨 배양하였다. 난포의 배양액은 Medium 199에 1% ITS(insulin, transferrin, selenium)를 첨가하고 10% FBS나 10% PVA를 첨가하여 사용하였으며 배양배지위에 mineral oil를 덮고 16일 동안 난포를 배양하였다. 난포의 크기는 4일마다 측정하였다. 0.3세부터 5세까지 고양이 난소의 무게는 0.1g에서 0.3g으로 증가하는 양상을 보이기는 했으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 난포의 분포는 고양이의 연령에 관계없이 원시난포의 분포가 그 외 난포들의 분포보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 난포를 4일 이상 배양하였을 때 배양액의 조성성분과 관계없이 난포의 크기가 감소하였으며, 체외 배양된 난포로부터 적은 수의 난자만을 회수할 수 있었다. 많은 수의 원시 난포 등을 분리하기 위한 유용한 난포 분리법과 난포의 배양에 필요한 기타 성분들의 비교 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각되며 이러한 집 고양이를 이용한 기초 번식 기술은 미래에 멸종위기에 처한 고양이 과 동물을 보존하기 위한 중요한 방법이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.241-252
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• 2016

이 논문에서는 K-장석 $pIR-IRSL_{290}$ 연대측정법의 한반도 해안-하안단구 퇴적층의 연대측정 적용가능성을 알아보기 위하여, 다양한 환경(해성, 하성, 풍성)에서 형성된 한반도 해안-하안단구 시료들의 K-장석 $pIR-IRSL_{290}$, $IRSL_{50}$, 석영 OSL 신호특성을 살펴보고, 경북 울진군 노음리 하안단구 퇴적층과 구산단층 퇴적물에 대한 연대측정을 실시하였다. 연구에 사용된 27개의 시료들에 대한 K-장석 $pIR-IRSL_{290}$ 신호의 $2D_0$ 값은 평균적으로 약 700 Gy로, $IRSL_{50}$ 신호의 $2D_0$ 값과 유사하였으며, 석영 OSL 신호의 $2D_0$ 값(약 250 Gy) 보다는 3배 정도 높았다. 일부 시료에 대한 K-장석 $pIR-IRSL_{290}$, $IRSL_{50}$, 석영 OSL 연대측정 결과, K-장석 $pIR-IRSL_{290}$ 연대는, $IRSL_{50}$ 및 석영 OSL 연대보다 상당히 높았다. 이는 퇴적과정동안 장시간 햇빛에 노출되어도 제거되지 않는(unbleachable) $pIR-IRSL_{290}$ 신호에서 기인했을 가능성이 있다. 경북 울진군 노음리의 하안단구 퇴적층과 구산단층 퇴적층에서 분리한 K-장석 $pIR-IRSL_{290}$ 신호와 석영 OSL 신호도 모두 방사선포화상태에 있어, 정확한 퇴적연대를 측정하는데 한계가 있었다. 하지만, 각 신호의 성장곡선으로부터 얻은 $2D_0$ 값은 노음리 하안단구 퇴적층은 109-140 ka 이전, 구산단층에 의해 절단된 퇴적층은 적어도 100-105 ka 이전에 형성되었을 가능성을 강력히 시사한다. 이 결과는, 기존 ~40-50 ka의 석영 OSL 신호를 기반으로 한 구산단층 퇴적층의 연대가 방사선포화현상에 의해 과소평가된 연대임을 의미한다.

• 한국제4기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국제4기학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.3-3
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• 2007