• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5995-5998
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• 2012

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of most common cancers in women and men and one of the major causes of death due to neoplasia. Colonoscopy is considered as the most accurate diagnostic procedure to detect colorectal cancer at the earlier stages. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of an education program using the Theory of Planned Behavior on promoting behavioral intention among first degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program to promote attitudinal factors associated with early detection of colorectal cancer in 99 first degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients aged more than 20 years in Yazd city, Iran. A researcher made questionnaire forwhich validity and reliability were confirmed by expert point of view and pilot testing was employed for data collection. Questionnaires were filled in before and after educational intervention. The registered data were transferred to SPSS 19 and analyzed by paired T-test, Man-Whitney and Wilcaxon. Results: Mean scores of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control and intention regarding colorectal cancer increased after education significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior has positive influence on promoting intention behavior. It is therefore recommended to apply educational programs to promote behavioral intention.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.41-56
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• 2002

The Analysis of MMPI and Clinical Study was carried out the 28 patients with somatoform disorder and depressive disorder who were treated in Daejeon University Oriental Hospital from 19 June 2001 to 17 April 2002. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The ratio of female was higher, especially in the depressive disorder, the ratio of female was higher and in the age distribution, the 40 aged were higher frequence. 2. In the somatoform disorder, symptoms appeared to be busy in physical symptoms, and they were in descending order the digestive organs system, head and face portion and musculoskeletal system symptoms, in the depressive disorder, appeared to be busy in psychosomatic system symptoms and in the prescription drugs, soyosan(逍遙散), punsimkiyyin(分心氣飮) were used to be busy. 3. In the scales of L, F, K, somatoform disorder showed ${\wedge}$ typed graph, and depressive disorder showed ${\vee}$ typed graph. 4. In the somatoform disorder, scales of Hs, Hy, D, Pa were higher, and in the depressive disorder, scales of Hy, Hs, Pd, D were higher. 5. In the scales of Hs, D, Hy, somatoform disorder showed ${\vee}$ typed graph, and depressive disorder showed/typed graph. 6. the average of T-scores and the ratio over 65 score and 70 score showed common distribution.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.528-533
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• 2017

Peroxiredoxin I (Prx I) plays an important role as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger in protecting and maintaining cellular homeostasis; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we identified a critical role of Prx I in protecting cells against ROS-mediated cellular senescence by suppression of $p16^{INK4a}$ expression. Compared to wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (WT-MEFs), Prx $I^{-/-}$ MEFs exhibited senescence-associated phenotypes. Moreover, the aged Prx $I^{-/-}$ mice showed an increased number of cells with senescence associated-${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-gal) activity in a variety of tissues. Increased ROS levels and SA-${\beta}$-gal activity, and reduction of chemical antioxidant in Prx $I^{-/-}$ MEF further supported an essential role of Prx I peroxidase activity in cellular senescence that is mediated by oxidative stress. The up-regulation of $p16^{INK4a}$ expression in Prx $I^{-/-}$ and suppression by overexpression of Prx I indicate that Prx I possibly modulate cellular senescence through $ROS/p16^{INK4a}$ pathway.

• Composites Research
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.371-378
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• 2017

In this study, hygroelastic behavior of thermosetting epoxy is predicted by molecular dynamics simulations. Since consistent exposures to humid environments lead to macroscopic degradation of polymer composite, computational simulation study of the hygroscopically aged epoxy cell is essential for long-time durability. Therefore, we modeled amorphous epoxy molecular unit cell structures at a crosslinking ratio of 30, 90% and with the moisture weight fraction of 0, 4 wt% respectively. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (EPON862) and triethylenetetramine (TETA) are chosen as resin and curing agent respectively. Incorporating equilibrium and non-equilibrium ensemble simulation with a classical interatomic potential, various hygroelastic properties including diffusion coefficient of water, coefficient of moisture expansion (CME), stress-strain curve and elastic modulus are predicted. To establish the structural property relationship of pure epoxy, free volume and internal non-bond potential energy of epoxy are examined.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.5 no.3_4
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• pp.47-56
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• 1990

Smoking damages nonsmoker's health who have been exposed to passive smoking as well as smoker's own health. Passive smoking can cause serious health damage to particular groups, such as the old aged, children and pregnant women. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between nicotine concentrations in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and urinary cotinine concentrations of nonsmokers exposed to ETS, and to provide basic information related to health risk assessment. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. When 180 cigarrette were smoked during S hours (high concentrations exposure) in 132 m$^3$chamber, mean concentrations of nicotine in ETS showed 263.52 $\mu\textrm{g}$/m$^3$${\pm}$51.93. When 45 cigarretts were smoked (low concentrations exposure), it was 69.43${\pm}$8.96 $\mu\textrm{g}$/m$^3$. 2. The urinary cotinine concentrations of each times (0, 2.5, 5, 17 and 24 hours) in nonsmokers ranged from 0.27∼12.52 ng/ml in high concentrations exposure and 0.22∼2.28 ng/ml in low concentrations exposure. Mean while the total urinary cotinine concentrations during 24 hours ranged from 11.62∼31.65 ng/ml in high concentrations exposure and 3.45∼5.64 ng/ml in low concentrations exposure. 3. The correlation equation and coefficient between cotinine concentrations in nonsmokers' urine (y) and nicotine concentrations in ETS (x) was y=0.421+0.0171x and 0:875 (p<0.01) respectively, 4. The quantity of nonsmokers' smoking exposure by passive smoking can be assumed as based on the estimation of nicotine concentrations in ETS by measuring cotinine concentrations of nonsmokers' urine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.147-156
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out the important factors and efficient strategies concerning Internet marketing. This study contributes to the effect on shopping behavior of Internet consumer applying technology acceptance model(TAM) in the Internet fashion merchandise shopping environment. The areas of study interest are, the perceived hedonic values, the perceived usefulness, the perceived ease of use, attitude toward using in Internet shopping mall and purchase intention of the fashion merchandise. To fulfill this objectives, a survey was conducted from May 20 to June 20 in 2007, and an subject of study is the college students and business man aged from 20s to 30s in purchase experience of the fashion merchandise to Internet shopping malls. Data collected over the Internet, and analyzed the 217 subjects. The empirical studies were summarized as follows. First, the perceived hedonic values, the perceived usefulness, and the perceived ease of use had an effect on attitude toward using in Internet fashion shopping mall. Second, the perceived hedonic values had an effect on the perceived usefulness in Internet fashion shopping mall. Third, the perceived ease of use had an effect on the perceived usefulness in Internet fashion shopping mall. Forth, the attitude toward using had an effect on intention of repurchase in Internet fashion shopping mall.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The progression of the center of pressure (COP) velocity of the stance phase may have important roles for predicting gait speed in older adults with cognitive decline. This study was conducted to identify the correlation between gait speed and the velocity of COP progression during the stance phase in older adults with cognitive decline. METHODS: Forty adults aged 65 years or older (twenty participants without cognitive decline, 20 participants with cognitive decline) were recruited. The COP progression velocity was measured using an F-scan pressure-sensitive insole system. The stance phase was divided into four sub-stages. (loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance, and pre-swing). Gait speed, double support phase, and cadence were also measured. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Gait speed was associated with the COP progression velocity in midstance (r = .719, p < .05), cadence (r = .719, p < .05) and the COP progression velocity in loading response velocity (r = .515, p < .05) in older adults with cognitive decline. However, no correlation was found in older adults without cognitive decline. In multiple regression analysis using gait speed as a dependent variable, the COP progression velocity in midstance and cadence were significant predictors of gait speed, with the COP progression velocity being the most significant predictor. CONCLUSION: The COP progression velocity is an important factor for predicting gait speed in older adults with cognitive decline, suggesting that the cognitive function influences gait speed and the velocity of COP progression.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2009

Objectives : This study aimed to examine the association between public social expenditure(PSE) and suicides in the 27 countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) from 1980 to 2003. Methods : The age-standardized suicide rates and their annual change(%) were obtained from the OECD Health Data 2007. As a measure of social protection, the PSE(% GDP) was used. The covariates included the annual divorce rate(/100,000 population), fertility rate(number of children/woman aged 15 to 49 years), GDP per capita(US$ PPP), male unemployment rate(%), life expectancy(years) and alcohol consumption(liter/capita) for each country, which were all obtained from the OECD Health Data 2007 and the OECD Social Indicators 2006. Using hierarchical linear models that included these covariates, the effects of PSE on suicides(Model 1) and the annual percent change (Model 2) were examined(Model 3). Also, sub-sample analyses were done for six countries that experienced political/economic transition. Results : We could not find significant effects of PSE on suicides(Model 1), but we observed significantly negative effects on the annual percent change for men and women(Model 2). Such findings were replicated in the sub-sample analysis, and moreover, the effect size was much larger(Model 3). Conclusions : Our finding suggests that social welfare protection can be a pivotal factor for suicide epidemiology, and especially in countries experiencing a social crisis or transition.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-48
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the satisfaction of participants in the National Cancer Screening Program(NCSP) and to identify factors affecting the satisfaction. The telephone survey was conducted in July 2007 for the participants who were screened by the NCSP from January through May 2007. Student's t-tests and analysis of variance were performed first to determine if the mean satisfaction score differed by the characteristics of study objects, followed by multiple linear regression analyses to examine the factors affecting satisfaction. Dependent variable was general satisfaction for the screening service, and three dimensions of independent variables - 'sociodemographic characteristics', 'screening characteristics', and 'perceived service quality' - were used for the empirical analyses. Female, old-aged, less educated, Medicaid recipients, rural residents and the participants with normal results were more likely to be satisfied with the NCSP. The results of multiple regression analyses show that gender, age, location of residence, type of screening units, and perceived quality of screening services were significantly related to satisfaction. This study is meaningful as the first attempt to measure participant satisfaction with the NCSP, and to identify factors affecting the satisfaction. Among the identified factors, the NCSP needs to pay attention to perceived quality of service, in particular, to improve the satisfaction. This study is expected to contribute to raising the compliance rate and to improve the quality of the NCSP.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 1998

In the study to reduce the error on the method of sampling pine needles to monitor the atmospheric concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls(PBCs),it was found that: 1. Concentration of PCBs almost linearly increased from new to three-years-old pine needles, so that the biomonitoring method using pine needles canbe applied to measuring long-term contamination from air in a local area. Needles of differernt age should not be mixed in sampling but be seperately analysed .It no good idea comparing PCB concentrations of differently aged needles. 2. Concentratio n of PCBs on pine needles had nothing to do whit the indivisual and age of the pine tree. 3. Concentration of PCBs on pine needles growing avobe was lower than that on needke below. 4. Concentration of PCBs on pine needles locatied in poorly ventilative places such as needle of a forest was lower than that on needles in well-ventilated areas.