• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.197-211
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• 2007

With the development of orthodontics and increasing concerns on physical appearance, the number of patients has been steadily increasing. It is quite important not only to make effective cure plans and accurate diagnoses but also to have a thorough grasp of patients' malocclusion types and their occurrence frequency, in addition to patients' personality in order to cure the patients appropriately. This study is based on 946 malocclusion patients who had visited Chong-A Dental Hospital from 1999 to 2004 and investigated their aspects of malocclusion and characteristics of their gender, age and residence. The results are as follows. 1. The number of patients per year had been decreased until 2001, after which year the number had fluctuated. The number was the largest in 1999, 169 and the smallest in 2001, 140. Female occupied 68.0% of the total, twice as many as male, 32.0%) 2. Based on the Angle's classification, 19 or over year - old group was the largest of the total, 59.3% and 6 or younger year - old group, the smallest, 0.5%. The 19 or over year old group was less than a half of the total (47.4%) in 2003 and there were no patients who belonged to the 6 or younger year - old group in 2003 and 2004. 3. Distributions on the types of malocclusion have shown that 39.9 % of the total are in the Class I, the largest, 31.0% in the Class I and 29.2 in the Class II, the smallest. 1) The number of the ClassI was 73, the largest, that of the Class III being 35, the smallest in 1999. On the whole, the number of the Class I accounted for the largest part of the total. 2) The number of male patients in the Class II was the smallest, generally being the largest in the Class I. In case of female, that of the Class III was the smallest. 3) Based on the age, the Class I was the highest in between 7 and 13 age group, the Class III the lowest. The Class I occupied the largest around 40%. 4) In the shape of physiognomy, the meso occupied the largest part among all the Class, of which the Class II was the highest, 64.2%. The bracy was the largest in the Class I, and the dolicho in the Class III. 5) In the profile, the convex shape was the largest in the Class I and II, and especially in the Class II, over 3/4 of the total, 75.4%. In contrast, the direct shape was the largest in the Class III and the sunken shape occupied 33.3%, which was nearly ten times more than the case of the Class I and III. 6) In the asymmetry of physiognomy, the number of patients of the Class IIIwas the largest, 34.1% and that of the Class II, the smallest, 19.5%. It was found that about one fourth of the malocclusion patients were under the asymmetry of physiognomy. 4. In the distribution of patients' residence, 81.4% were from the Seoul Metropolis and 48.2% from Gangnam-Gu where Chong-A Dental Hospital is located and Seocho-Gu and Songpa-Gu which are adjacent to Gangnam-Gu.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.227-236
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to reduce the remake rate of dental prosthesis. We examined remake cause and major factor of dental prosthesis to determine methods for raising dental prosthesis satisfaction. Methods: Subjects included dental technicians in the metropolitan areas of the cities of Daegu and Gyeong-buk. Surveys were filled out by consenting dental technicians. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 19.0 for Windows. We determined frequencies and percentage, calculating means, and standard deviations, and determining statistical significance using t-tests, analysis of variance. Results: Impression or material transform is high among remake cause and margin is high among remake major factor. Crown class showed differences in General characteristics associated with age, number of employees, and number of connection dental. Porcelain class showed differences in General characteristics associated with age, number of employees, and number of connection dental. Denture class showed differences in General characteristics associated with age, monthly salaray, and career. Implant class showed differences in General characteristics associated with age, education, and career. Conclusion: In order to reduce remake rate of dental prosthesis, communication of dentist, dental technician, and the patient are require and correct information of patient and dental prosthesis are need.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.115-127
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• 2017

Objectives : To determine the relationship between of subjective recognition of social class and mental health. Method: The participants were adults with mental health experience over the age of 20 from the Korea Health Panel in 2013 (n=5,126). Methods : Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 22.0 The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis used to verify the relationship between subjective recognition of social class and mental health. Results : Lower subjective recognition of social class was associated with experience of depression and suicidal ideation. Other factors associated with depression experience were subjective health status, gender, age, marital status, type of medical care, disability, subjective health status, current smoking and frequency of drinking. Experience of suicidal ideation was, by contrast, associated with subjective health status, age, marital status, economic activity, private insurance, subjective health status and frequency of drinking. Conclusions : Health policies and institutions must be established to optimize health and preventive medicine approaches, especially or mental health as well as the provision of services.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.148-168
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• 2004

To investigate the effect of parents' social class on birthweight in Korea during the period of transition to a market economy, 1995-2001. Methods: All births resulting from pregnacies reported in 1995-22001(n=4,298,374) were studied with respect to social variation in birthweight. The results were adjusted for maternal age, parity, parents' education, gestational age, total births, the dead births among total births, the number of births in one delivery. Results: Between 1995 and 2001, mean birth weight was 3271g and low birth rate was 3.41%. Maternal education, faternal education, parents' occupation, the number of birth in one delivery, total births, gestational age, and the number of deaths among. total births were all independently related to the birthweight. Parents with lower education showed higher low-birthweight rates compared with parents with university level of education(OR: 2.16 for mother and 1.68 for father). Especially, mother's education showed stronger relationship with birthweight than fathers' education. The differences in birth weight by parents' social class, especially parents' educational level became stronger between 1995 and 2001. Discussion: This study suggests that the social differences of birth weight were increasing in order 1995 to 2001. Especially, this increasing tendency in variation in birth weight by social class was shown after economic crisis, 1998.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1065-1071
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• 2009

Satellite application services can be divided into realtime services like voice communications and non-real time services like traditional data communications. To support both types of services on the same On-Board Switching(OBS), a scheduler which depends on their service classes is required. A fixed priority scheduling policy has a starvation problem. In this paper we propose a scheduling scheme based on premium and age. Premium is a fixed value which is given to a certain class of services. Age is another parameter of the scheduling policy and it will be increased by one for every scheduling cycle. The scheme we propose chooses a packet which has the largest sum of its age and premium. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approach shows better performance in both average cell delay and std-dev of cell delay for the lower class of service. There is no staying in infinite starvation state.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.13-34
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• 2023

Many ecologists try to understand plant communities and societies' changing processes by interacting with environmental factors. Plant communities formed in the sidings of streams, which are more dynamic than forest vegetation, are closely related to the disturbance regime of streams. U. pumila, which forms communities at the edges of streams, is distributed over the central and northern regions of the Korean Peninsula. In this study, we intended to explain the regeneration of U. pumila communities in the upstream region of the Namhangang River. Heights from the stream surface to the mid-high points of communities increased when the age class of U. pumila communities increased. On the other hand, the height of U. pumila tended to increase and decrease as the age class increased. The richness (S), evenness (J'), diversity (H'), and maximum diversity (H'max) also showed a tendency to increase and then decrease as the age class increased. On the other hand, the number of stems per individual and density (D) decreased as the age class increased. Seedlings of U. pumila failed to regenerate in the communities at the intermediate or higher stage of the age class. Regeneration of seedlings occurred in the spaces formed by the flooding, which occurred periodically in streams. After regeneration, U. pumila communities grew like a single organism. On the other hand, the plant species consisting of U. pumila communities exhibited a process in which the S and H' increased and then decreased as they developed. In other words, we determined that the changes in the species compositions were associated with changes in each species' environment and community. A space where seeds can regenerate seedlings should be provided for the regeneration of U. pumila communities. In the mid/upstream region of the Namhangang River, where the present study focused, newly formed communities were rare because the space required to regenerate U. pumila ceased to exist. Accordingly, we suggest securing an appropriate space for the regeneration of seedlings to maintain the U. pumila communities in the upstream region of the Namhangang River.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 1981

This investigation was designed to compare the calcification degree of maxillary second permanent molar to mandibular second permanent molar in skeletal Class III Malocclusion. The material selected for this study consisted in standand lateral cephalogram study model and orthopantomogram of two hundred fifty seven Korean Children, one hundred twenty one boys and one hundred twenty four girls, aged 6 through 12 years, having skeletal Class III Malocclusion. On the basis of findigs of this study, the following results were obtained 1. In the stage of completion of crown, there was no significant difference in calcification degree between maxillary second molar and mandibular second molar of both boys and girls in skeletal Class III Malocclusion. 2. From 8 years of age at the stage of beginning root formation to 12 years of age, the calcification degree of mandibular second molar was more advanced than Maxillary second molar of both boys and girls in skeletal Class III Malocclusion.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.43-57
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• 2000

The aims of this study were to analyze the influence of related variables on a mode of housing life style, and the related variables to propensity to housing life stymie. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Variables influencing value orientation of family life were property and the price of housing. 2. Variables influencing spending habits were objective social class (SES), types of residence, education of wife, and price of housing. 3. Variables influencing propensity to using space were found to be objective social class (SES), education of wife, types of homeownership, and price of housing. 4. Variables influencing housing life style were objective social class (SES), subjective social class, housing class, family life cycle, housing life cycle, types of residence, site of residence, age of husband, age of wife, education of husband, education of wife, income, property, job of husband, types of homeownership, size of housing, and price of housing.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.92-101
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dental caries prevalence and occlusion pattern of children with deciduous dentition in Chonnam seashore area. Two thousand two hundred seventy two kindergarten children ranged 3 to 5 years of age were examined. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The rate of children with caries experience(dmf rate) in deciduous teeth was 66.8% at 3 years of age, 77.7% at 4 years of age, and 83.5% at 5 years of age and showed no significant gender differences(p>0.05). 2. The mean number of decayed, missing, filled deciduous teeth(dmft index) was 3.62 at 3 years of age, 4.73 at 4 years of age, and 5.96 at 5 years of age and showed no significant gender differences(p>0.05). 3. Most of the caries-prevailed tooth was mandibular 2nd primary molar and showed 39.48% at 3 years of age, 49.73% at 4 years of age, and 63.85% at 5 years of age. 4. The caries-experienced teeth in order were as follows : mandibular 2nd primary molar with 52.34%, mandibular 1st primary molar with 45.61%, maxillary 2nd primary molar with 38.81%, and maxillary primary central incisor with 38.86%, respectively. 5. In sagittal primary molar relationship, Class 1 occlusion pattern was 53.26%, Class 2 pattern was 1.41% and Class 3 pattern was 30.02%, respectively. Right Class 2 and Left Class 3 pattern was not observed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 2016

Objective: The purposes of this study were to examine the effects of school-age children's ego strength, failure tolerance, and performance anxiety on their school class adjustment, and to model the relation structure of the variables. Method: For these purposes, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 562 6th graders. Results and Conclusion: The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, ego strength, failure tolerance, and performance anxiety were significantly different according to gender. Second, in male students, ego strength, failure tolerance, and performance anxiety had a significant direct effect on school class adjustment. In addition, ego strength and failure tolerance had a significant indirect effect on school class adjustment. Third, female students' paths to school class adjustment were similar to male students' but the effect of failure tolerance on performance anxiety and the effect of performance anxiety on school class adjustment were not significant. Fourth, in the results of multi-group analysis, the effect path from ego strength to school class adjustment was different between male and female students, and the effect was higher in female students than in male students.