• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.469-481
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to explore the parents and child relationship in traditional Korean society through the Korean classic novels. The Data were analyzed through latent content analysis in focusing on the parents and child relationship. Forty-six Korean classic novels written in Chosun Dynasty (from 1392 to 1910 AD) were chosen to analyze and they were represented the characteristic Confucian ideas. The sentences containing the expression of child-care and parent-child relationship were selected during intensive reading line by line and analyzed. Sixty-nine meaningful concepts were drawn out from 258 significant sentences by the similar meaning and common theme and classified as 3 categories and 11 sub-categories. The important parent-child relationship expressed in Korean traditional society were as follows: From the category of the Meaning of Child, 4 sub-categories were drawn; gift of heaven, successor of the family line, driving power of life, and rewards from the offspring. From the category of attitude to the child, 3 sub-categories were drawn; a notion of preferring a son to a daughter, close maternal-child relation, and expectation to the future of child. From the category of nurturing behavior, 4 subjects were drawn; Tae-Gyo(fetal education), affective behavior, socialization, and health management behavior. Above result helps to improve the basic understanding the relationship of parent and child in modern society. And by the understanding of child in the family, unhealthy relationship of parent and child can be prevented and furthermore family centered child health promotion can be achieved.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.139
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• pp.47-80
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• 2016

The main aim of this article is to thoroughly illuminate the personality characteristic of "honesty (Redlichkeit)" that Nietzsche presents as one of the major 'virtues' in the sense of 'excelences of character', calling it "the Youngest Virtue". Clearly distinguished from the 'honesty' that conventional morality regards as the highest virtue, this particular trait or inclination Nietzsche has in mind is an affective disposition with a highly complicated structure, which is closely related to 'truth' and 'knowledge'. In this paper, I first analyze what "honesty" (as a Nietzschean excellence of character) consists of. Afterwards, I seek to answer what the evaluative status of the quality in Nietzsche's theory of 'value' understood as what ought to be possessed or pursued, especially, the question of whether or not the disposition is treated as an 'intrinsic' value. Finally and most importantly, I explore the reasons why Nietzsche confers the aforementioned normative significance upon the excellence at issue.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.313-334
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in mathematical learning through applying STEAM education according to social needs for out-of-school youth. For this purpose, we developed a teaching and learning model and program for mathematics and music STEAM education, and we implemented and analyzed the changes of affective area and problem-solving strategies. The analysis results of characteristic in affective area are as follows: first, the activity-oriented class of mathematics and music STEAM education aroused interest in mathematics. Second, providing opportunities for mathematics and music STEAM education instilled a positive perception of the value of mathematics and STEAM education. Third, the autonomous communication-oriented learning environment of mathematics and music STEAM education improved confidence and motivation to learn in mathematics. The analysis results of the characteristic in problem-solving strategy are as follows: first, through the STEAM education with mathematics and music, a conceptual understanding of internally and externally dividing points was formed, and a given problem was expressed and solved in a formula. Second, the functional correspondence relationship was understood, and the given problem was described and solved with symbols associated with the function. The suggestions of the study are as follows: first, based on the teaching and learning model and results of this study, various STEAM education programs for out-of-school youth should be developed and expanded to foster future competencies and provide new changes for out-of-school youth. Second, it can be used for research on the development of teaching and learning materials for convergence elective subjects in the high school credit system by referring to the mathematics and music convergence STEAM program of this study. As the subjects and fields of STEAM education are diversified and organized, students in need of receiving educational opportunities will be reduced, and there will be a world where the name of out-of-school youth and alternative education will not be necessary. Therefore, it is expected that development of teaching and learning programs created by interest in education of out-of-school youth will be used as an innovative idea in school education to achieve a virtuous cycle.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.527-539
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• 2018

Although a simulation is proposed as a candidate for alternative contents of inquiry activities, design cases focused on the characteristic of science education are rare. This study suggested the definition and requirements of science simulation to clarify science subject-specific design and set up the design guidelines to consider usability. Then the science simulation was developed in the form of an app for mobile devices, where 'Flash and Actionscript 3.0' was selected as a development tool for compatibility, functionality, ease of use and optimization for mobile devices with educational applicability in mind. In effect, six science simulation apps were prepared for seven classes of inquiry activity in 10 science classes on the chapter of 'composition of material' in middle school science 2 textbooks. In this regard, the main advantages of the simulation apps expected from each design characteristic are also suggested in this article. In the implementation of the science simulation apps, educational effects were investigated based on the statistical comparison, while 134 students in the second grade in a coeducational middle school, Gyeonggi-do participated as an intervention group and a control group. Our results showed that the scores of academic achievement and affective test in the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p <.05). In the questionnaire survey on usability, most students responded positively to the design of the science simulation apps. This study will contribute to expanding the horizon of design about science simulation as a design case in science education.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the stress factors experienced by science teachers and stress related to science teaching. To do these, I have developed the Science Teacher Stress Inventory, which consisted of 50 stress factors with subcategories such as student characteristics, teacher characteristics, school environment, administrative procedures, and conditions of service. 104 science teachers have participated in this questionnaire survey. Additionally, I got 109 stress cases related to science teaching from surveys of 25 science teachers. Results are as follows: first, stress from students characteristic and administrative procedures are perceived as having more stress factors than teacher characteristics, school environment, and conditions of service. Second, stress in affective domains such as students' low motivation in science and insincere class attitude is perceived as having more stress factors than stress in cognitive domain. Third, female science teachers are significantly more stressed than male science teachers. Fourth, students' low motivation and low understanding in science learning are the most stressful factors in stress related to science teaching. Fifth, science teachers feel more stress in evaluation such as experiment test and joint-set exam questions.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.474-486
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• 2008

There has been an amounting interest and subjects in gifted education in recent years as a number of studies dealt with the development of gifted education programs. However, earth science area remained as a low profile in developing educational programs and materials that meet the varying curiosities and needs of gifted students with a focus on their characteristic development. This study developed a small group-based active-cooperative learning program in middle school to investigate the effects of the program in terms of the creative problem solving ability in science and learning attitude of the gifted students. Then the study examined the conceptions of the students after the implementation of the small group-based active-cooperative learning program. Findings of the study showed that there was a significant increase in participated gifted students' creative problem solving skills and their learning attitude. In addition, the small group-based active-cooperative learning program apparently increased the participants' interests, satisfaction, and participation toward the instruction, and significantly influenced their affective domain. It implies that these findings were not caused by the lectures from the teachers, but by the variety of activities in which the gifted students discussed and debated with the classmates to derive a positive reciprocal action. In conclusion, a small group-based active-cooperative learning program promoted a reciprocal action among all the students who participated in a small group by sharing their opinions and respecting each other.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.729-738
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• 2019

Research and Education(R&E) program has been emphasized for scientifically gifted students since it can improve scientific research abilities and problem solving abilities because it provides scientific research experiences with professional researchers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of R&E program on creative leader competency and science career orientation. For this study, 62 science high school students participated from 78 science high school students participating in an R&E program. Pre and Post surveys of creative leader competency and science career orientation were administered to the students. The results showed that R&E program improved students' creative leader competency in intellectual and affective characteristic. However, there are no differences in science career orientation because science high school students already had high science career orientation. The implications of this study were discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.429-436
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• 2020

In this study, we examined students' science academic achievement through an analysis of the national assessment of educational achievement(NAEA) from 2015 to 2018 when the 2009 revised curriculum was applied. This study analyzed achievement average scores by gender and region and also analyzed the trend of the rate of achievement level in order to understand the characteristics of students' academic achievement. In addition, we analyzed the characteristics of the affective aspect using a survey of students' attitudes (confidence, interest, value, and willingness to learn) toward science. The main findings are as follows; First, the average science score shows a tendency to decrease year by year at the middle school level. Second, when analyzed by achievement level, the decline in the advanced group was large, and the rate of the below basic group increased. Third, comparisons of the average achievement scores by gender, female students' scores were generally high and the difference in achievement scores between male and female students tended to increase. Fourth, a characteristic gap was found between regional scales that increased in the advanced group. The results of a questionnaire on students' attitudes show that the four constructs of the students' attitudes had a significant correlation with the average achievement scores. In addition, the mean and positive response rates on the confidence, interest, and value of science in the above proficiency group increased but decreased in the below basic group. These results can be used as basic data for revising the curriculum, improving teaching and learning, and establishing educational policies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.243-255
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• 2012

This study is intended to find out the effect and differences of individual characteristic of the death attitude on death anxiety. The college students who study in the area of Chonan, Yongin, and Asan and the adults who live in the area of Chonan and Asan enrolled for this study. We analyzed the survey data from 325 responses finally. The results are summarized in three ways: First, adults are more positive than college students, religious people are more positive than nonreligious people, female are more positive than male, and married people are more positive than unmarried people in the death attitude. Second, college students are more positive than adults, nonreligious people are more positive than religious people, female are more positive than male, and unmarried people are more positive than married people in the death anxiety. Third, there is a correlation between the death anxiety and the death attitude. The fear on death has negative correlation on all subvariables of the death anxiety. Avoidance on death has positive correlation on the physical change anxiety, and openness on death has positive correlation on the cognitive and affective anxiety. Finally, It showed that the death attitude are affected by the death anxiety. The death anxiety was not much, if the fear on death are more little, the death anxiety was much, if the avoidance on death are much.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.385-391
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• 2014

We use a scale mainly for quantification when we study the psychological characteristics that we cannot observe. The utilization of a scale is frequent in scientific educational studies. The convenience offered by Likert scale, which is among the most frequently used, enable us to grasp characteristic attitude or recognition in students, and evaluate them against an affective domain. But a lot of errors occur, and has been noted as well in the case of utilizing Likert scale in the process. A central tendency in the utilization of Likert scale appears in this study, and the trend analyzes according to study objects and study contents, but we intend to find a way to utilize Likert scale. The results of study made on our countryside students show that the answers tend to get concentrated and a central tendency appears. Our countryside students were aware of the eyes surroundings them, have respect for elders through social experiences, and have had troubles with differentiated expression or personality in the group and cultural environments. According to the object of study, the central tendency appears more among older students than younger students, more among general students than gifted students. In the contents of study, the central tendency has been given more appearance in scope and their exposure has relatively been in large domain. Therefore when utilizing Likert scale in scientific education study, an error of central tendency appears as if they are results of the study. So, when applying the Likert scale to scientific study, we need to consider sociocultural environment, characteristics of an object and contexts of study. This enables avoiding dependence on numerical value of the utilization results, and interpret them correctly.