• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.14-24
• /
• 2006

자연정화공법에 의한 농촌 전원 독립가구 하수처리장치의 적정 설치방법을 결정하기 위하여 호기성조와 혐기성조로 구성된 소형 하수처리장치를 설계 및 시공하였다. 소형 하수처리장치에서 여재 깊이에 따른 수처리 효율을 조사한 결과 호기성조와 혐기성조 모두 여재의 깊이가 깊어질수록 수처리 효율이 증가함으로 여재의 깊이를 90 cm이상으로 하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다. 소형 하수처리장치의 최적 깊이인 90 cm하에서 호기성조 대 혐기성조 비율에 따른 수처리 효율을 조사한 결과 모든 여재에서 1 : 2 및 1 : 3의 호기 혐기 비율이 1 : 1에 비해 약간 높은 경향이었다. 따라서 소형 하수처리장치에서의 최적조건은 여재의 깊이는 90 cm이었고, 호기 혐기 비율은 1 : 2의 비율이었으며, 최적 여재는 왕사와 쇄석이었으며, 최적조건하에서 수처리효율은 BOD가 $97{\sim}99%$, COD가 $87{\sim}97%$, SS가 $88{\sim}99%$, T-N이 $57{\sim}68%$ 및 T-P가 $96{\sim}99%$이었다. 따라서 이러한 조건을 자연정화공법을 이용한 하수처리장치에 적용하면 하수처리장치의 부지면적을 최대한 줄이면서 높은 하수처리효율을 유지할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.281-286
• /
• 2001

Wastewater from the pigment industry has high levels of organics and is known as hardly biodegradable. The objective of this study is to evaluate the applicability of aerobic fixed-bed boifilm reactor packed with ceramic support carrier for the pigment wastewater treatment. Orange 2(widely used azo pigment) adsorption experiment onto biofilm and activated sludge, and continuous treatment experiments were performed. In batch adsorption experiment, maximum adsorption quantity of biofilm was at least two times higher than that of activated sludge. In continuous experiment using aerobic fixed-bed biodilm reactor, the influent concentration of COD and Orange 2 were 75~500mg/${\ell}$(0.45~3.00kg COD/$m^3.day), 5~50mg/$\ell$(0.03~0.30kg Orange 2/$m^3$.day), respectively. At a COD loading rate 2.5kg COD/$m^3$.day and Orange 2 loading rate of 0.18kg Orange 2/$m^3$.day, removal efficiency of COD and Orange 2 were over 95%, 97%, respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.569-576
• /
• 2002

Anaerobic/aerobic reactor system was used to treat a synthetic wastewater with glucose as carbon sources(0.38~2.29 kg COD/m3.day) and Acid Red 14(1.05 "24.00 g Acid Red 141m3.day, color degree of 570 ~ 1710). COD removal efficiency by the anaerobic stage in operation period were above 90 % organic loading rate of 0.38 ~ 2.29 kg COD/m3.day(except, adaptation period) and the removal efficiency of the whole system were above 96 %. The decolorization of the Acid Red 14 was through the alteration of the dye structure(or cleavage of the Azo bond) during the anaerobic treatment. In the A/A system, the anaerobic stage played an essential role in removing both color and COD. In addition it also improves biodegradability of dye f3r further aerobic treatment. After operation, average MLSS concentration of anaerobic sludge reactor, anaerobic fixed-bed reactor and aerobic fixed-bed reactor were 17100mg/L, 20000mg/L, and 10000mg/L, respectively.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 농촌전원독립가구 하수처리장에서 오염물질의 존재형태별 처리 경향을 파악하여 하수처리장의 설계 및 시공 시 부지면적 감소와 오염물질의 처리효율 극대화를 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 농촌전원독립가구 하수처리장에서 하수 중 오염물질의 거동 특성과 오염물질의 존재형태별 분해속도를 각각 조사하였다. 하수 중 오염물질의 존재형태별 거동을 조사한 결과 BOD 및 COD는 대부분 호기성조에서 처리되었으며, 처리된 BOD와 COD는 대부분 insoluble형태이었다. 그러나 무산소조와 혐기성조에서의 BOD와 COD는 존재형태별로 별 차이 없었다. SS는 대부분 호기성조에서 처리되었으며, 처리된 SS는 대부분 volatile 형태이었다. T-N은 BOD, COD 및 SS와 달리 호기성조에서 처리효율이 높지 않았고, 처리된 대부분의T-N은 dissolved 형태이었다. T-P는 모든 조에서 일정하게 처리효율이 증가되었으며, 처리된 T-P는 대부분 dissolved 형태이었다. 현장 하수처리장에서 존재형태별 오염물질의 분해속도를 조사한 결과 BOD, COD 및 SS의 분해속도는 호기성조에서 각각 30.79, 17.15 및 29.96 $day^{-1}$로 무산소조 및 혐기성조에 비해 매우 빨랐으며, 호기성조에서 존재형태별 분해속도는BOD 및 COD의 경우 insoluble 형태가 빨랐으며, SS의 경우 fixed 형태가 빨랐다. T-N 및 T-P의 분해속도는 호기성조에서 각각 4.78 및 13.09 $day^{-1}$로 다른 조에 비해 약간 빨랐으며, 호기성조에서 존재형태별 분해속도는 suspended 형태가 약간 빨랐고, 혐기성조와 무산소조에서는 별 차이 없이 비슷하였다. 이상의 결과는 하수처리장의 설계 및 시공 시 부지면적 감소와 오염물질의 처리효율 극대화를 위한 기초자료로 활용 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out to treat textile wastewater using anaerobic sludge and aerobic fixed-bed biofilm reactor immobilized with Bacillus sp. dominated activated sludge(Bacillus sp. fraction : 81.5%). The range of influent con-centration of SCOD and soluble color were 1032-1507 mg/1, and 1239-1854 degree, respectively. Continuous treatment experiments were performed with variation of textile wastewater ratio at a same HRT. When textile wastewater ratio was 100%(HRT : 24 hours), The removal efficiency of SCOD and soluble color were 88% and 78%, respectively. When compare aerobic reactor of this study that was immobilized with Bacillus sp. dominated activated sludge to other study that was immobilized with activated sludge, SCOD and soluble color removal efficiency of this study showed a little higher efficiency than immobilized with activated sludge. The Bacillus sp. fraction of initial condition was 81.5%), but the fraction after operation was decreased to 31.8%).

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.40-43
• /
• 1999

In the wastewater treatment experiment by anaerobic-aerobic packed bed unit, it was found that the high and stable removal efficiency of nitrogen could be obtained. The extent of nitrogen removal gradually decreased with the rise of recycle ratio and DO concentration. On the other hand, the extent of phosphorus increased with the increase of DO concentration. COD showed high removal efficiency over the entire range tested. The simulation of T-N behavior was carried out satisfactorily by using the kinetic equations for biofilm and the reactor model which considered the packed bed as a plug flow reactor.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical changes during the aerobic composting of swine manure mixed with bulking agent, sawdust(v/v, 1:1), in a full-scale composting plant using rectangular escalator-aginated bed composting system. Physical and chemical properties were analyzed on the samples which were collected at 5, 15, and 25 day of composting, curing and final step. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. Moisture and K2O content, and pH of final step were higher than those of 5th day of composting (p＜0.05). 2. Ammonium nitrogen, total organic corbon and organic matter content, and electrical conductivity(EC) were significantly decreased (p＜0.05) but nitrate nitrogen, ash and P2O5 content increased(p＜0.05) throughout the aerobic composting process. 3. Total organic carbon per total nitrogen(C/N) and total organic matter per total nitrogen(OM/N) ratio were significantly decreased throughout the aerobic composting process(p＜0.05). 4. Physical and chemical properties of swine manure were varied by aerobic fermentation using rectangular escalor-aginated bed composting system.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제11권12호
• /
• pp.1261-1265
• /
• 2002

This study was focused on the investigation of the characteristics of organics and nitrogen removal with the recycle ratio in anoxic/oxic(A/O) packed bed process that consisted of the anoxic reactor and the aerobic reactor. As increasing the recycle ratio by 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, the COD removal efficiency increased by 94.0%, 98.5%, 98.8% respectively. The aerobic reactor showed the perfect nitrification efficiency by 98.5%, 99.2%, 98.0% respectively. The T-N removal efficiency with the recycle ratio, increased by 56%, 67%, 70% respectively. As increasing the recycle ratio by 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, T-P removal efficiency decreased by 62.1%, 57.4%, 51.3% respectively. The process by releasing the stored phosphorus in the anoxic reactor and uptaking the excess phosphorus in the aerobic reactor, occurred well comparatively when recycle ratio is 0.5. But this process did not occur when the recycle ratio is 1.0 and 2.0. And optimum pH of nitrification was about 6~7 and alkalinity decreased as nitrification rate increased. As increasing the recycle ratio in the anoxic reactor, DO concentration and ORP increased.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.525-532
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate capability of dyeing wastewater treatment for 3 type reactors. These reactors were Packed Bed Reactor(PBR), Fluidized Bed reactor(FBR) and Moving Media Complete Mixing Activated Sludge reactor(MMCMAS). Experiments of PBR and FBR were performed by various packing ratios and organic loading rates, experiments of MMCMAS were performed by various organic loading rates. In order to obtain ${SBOD}_5$ removal efficiencies of more than 90%, the F/Mv ratios of PBR, FBR, MMCMAS were 0.11 kgBOD/kgMLVSS$\cdot$d, 0.12 kgBOD/kgMLVSS$\cdot$d, and 0.37 kgBOD/kgMLSS$\cdot$d, respectively. So MMCMAS system which has more active microorganisms showed better capability of organic removal and also stronger dynamic and shock loadings than those of PBR and FBR. In PBR and FBR, the media packing ratio of 20% showed better performance of organic matters removal effciencies than 10% and 30%, but sludge production rate at media packing ratio of 30% was relatively lower than that of 10% and 20%. When more than 90% organic matters removal efficiency was obtained, the ratios of attached biomass to total biomass at PBR, FBR, MMCMAS were 89~99%, 87~98%, and 54~80%, respectively. The ratio of attached biomass to total biomass was low in MMCMAS. This was formation of thin biofilm due to shear force between rotaing disc and water. The average sludge production rates(kgVSS/kgBODrem.) of PBR, FBR and MMCMAS were 0.20, 0.29 and 0.54, respectively.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2015

A comparative study on response of a toxic compound thiocyanate ($SCN^-$) was carried out in continuous and fed batch moving bed reactor systems. Both systems had three sequential anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic reactors and operated at same hydraulic retention time. Feed $SCN^-$ was first increased from 600 mg/L to 1,000 mg/L for 3 days (shock 1) and then from 600 to 1,200 mg/L for 3 days (shock 2). In anaerobic continuous reactor, increase of effluent COD (chemical oxygen demand) due to shock load was only 2%, whereas in fed batch reactor it was 14%. In anoxic fed batch reactor recovery was partial in terms of $SCN^-$, phenol, COD and $NO{_3}{^-}$-N and $NO{_2}{^-}$-N removals and in continuous reactor complete recovery was possible. In both systems, inhibition was more significant on aerobic reactors than anaerobic and anoxic reactors. In aerobic reactors ammonia removal efficiency deteriorated and damage was irreversible. Present study showed that fed batch reactors showed higher substrate removal efficiency than continuous reactors during regular operation, but are more susceptible to toxic feed shock load and in nitrifying reactor damage was irreversible.