• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.245-257
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to interpretate filial piety norm based on reciprocity and fairness. For this goal, we reviewed literature related to social, economical, and cultural situations, centered on the middle of the seventeenth century. The major results can be summerized as follow: The interaction between the parent generation and the married adult children generation changed according to the context of particular social, economical, and cultural conditions, so filial piety norm must also change paced along with social change. Therefore, the concepts of reciprocity and fairness has been an important one which maintains the quality of the relationship between the parent generation and the married adult children generation. So in general, we think it is reasonable to draw the conclusion that there are reciprocity and fairness principle between the parent generation and the married adult children generation.

• 한국인구학
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-55
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• 2004

노인인구의 급증과 기능손상된 노인에 대한 장기적인 보살핌 제공과 관련 가족에 대한 요구 증가로 인해 노인학대 문제에 대한 환심이 커지고 있다. 이 연구는 다섯 개의 가상적 시나리오를 사용하여 재미한인노인과 그 자녀들의 수발상황에서의 잠재적 노인학대에 관한 인식과 원조요청 태도를 비교 분석하였다. 연구대상은 미국 로스엔젤리스에 살고 있는 한인노인 10명과 며느리를 포함하여 노인들의 자녀 19명으로 구성되었다. 내용분석 결과 수발상황의 잠재적 노인학대 문제에 관한 인식은 가족 내에 상당한 세대차이가 있었으나 원조요청 태도는 유사하였다. Mann-Whitney test로 전체 노인세대와 자녀세대를 집단비교한 결과 노인세대가 잠재적 노인학대 상황을 자녀세대보다 훨씬 덜 학대로 지각하는 경향으로 드러났다. 그러나 원조요청 태도에 있어서는 전체 노인세대와 자녀세대의 집단비교에서도 공적 원조를 활용하겠다는 의사에 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 연구결과에 근거해 노인복지실천 및 프로그램 개발에 대한 함의를 논의하였다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.23-44
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the preference for living with adult children of the baby-boomer generation and the elderly based on independent variables such as demographic characteristics, the values of their children and the consciousness for supporting their parents. The National Survey of Korean Families was done by the Ministry of Equality and Family in 2010. Respondents were 664 baby boomers and 628 elderly, and the results are as follows. First, the baby boomers rely heavily on their spouse, whereas the elderly rely heavily on their children. While both groups desire to live with their spouse in their later years, and the elderly rely the most on their children, they are reluctant to live together. This result shows that the elderly have high expectations for financial and emotional support from their children, but in reality, the elderly have lower expectations for living together and they prefer to live alone or with their spouse. Second, the boomers, who for the most part live in big cities, have comparatively high average monthly income and jobs and own a house, consider filial obligation as their own responsibility and yet tend to live independently. The boomers, who have a relatively high education level, consider living with aged parents as the children's obligation and consider their children as the most reliable people in their lives, and thus have high expectations to live together with their children. Third, the elderly, with a spouse, who consider having raised children to be their happiness, while considering providing financial support for the aging parents to be the children's responsibility, at the same time accept that the obligation of support lies on themselves, the government or the society, and thus have lower expectations of living with their children in later years. The elderly, now living with their family, with generous financial plans for their aging years and considering the children's success as their own success, have higher expectations of living together with their children.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.179-193
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• 1998

the purpose of this research was to investigate rewards costs and adjustment perceived by adult children in three generation family. Data were collected from 132 marital couples in three generation family in Seoul area. The results of this study showed that there were significant differences in the levels of rewards costs and adjustment variables (self-esteem depression family life satisfaction and marital satisfaction)between husbands are wives. It was also found that wives's costs and husbands' rewards were significantly different across three different types of three generation family. It addition the results of multiple regression analyses indicated that reward was the most powerful variable affecting wives' depression and family life satisfaction and that cost influenced husbands' family life satisfaction and marital satisfaction.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.111-133
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• 2014

The Purpose of this study was to explore the generational conflicts around adult children's taking care of elderly parents and grandparents' caring for grand children. The results of this study were as follows. First, the child care responsibility of the parents' generation is much more intense than that of the parent care responsibility of the children's generation. Second, the norm of parent care has changed from being the responsibility of the eldest son to being the responsibility of all of the children, which had led to an increased probability of conflicts between the two generations due to the differences in expectation and reward. Third, the bilateralization of the kinship increases the responsibility of women in taking care of their families, which leads to an increase in conflict among women of different generations. Finally, the generational conflicts related to family care appear across different social classes.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2019

Recent studies on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have revealed that early-onset IBD has distinct phenotypic differences compared with adult-onset IBD. In particular, very early-onset IBD (VEO-IBD) differs in many aspects, including the disease type, location of the lesions, disease behavior, and genetically attributable risks. Several genetic defects that disturb intestinal epithelial barrier function or affect immune function have been noted in these patients from the young age groups. In incidence of pediatric IBD in Korea has been increasing since the early 2000s. Neonatal or infantile-onset IBD develops in less than 1% of pediatric patients. Children with "neonatal IBD" or "infantile-onset IBD" have higher rates of affected first-degree relatives, severe disease course, and a high rate of resistance to immunosuppressive treatment. The suspicion of a monogenic cause of VEO-IBD was first confirmed by the discovery of mutations in the genes encoding the interleukin 10 (IL-10) receptors that cause impaired IL-10 signaling. Patients with such mutations typically presented with perianal fistulae, shows a poor response to medical management, and require early surgical interventions in the first year of life. To date, 60 monogenic defects have been identified in children with IBD-like phenotypes. The majority of monogenic defects presents before 6 years of age, and many present before 1 year of age. Next generation sequencing could become an important diagnostic tool in children with suspected genetic defects especially in children with VEO-IBD with severe disease phenotypes. VEO-IBD is a phenotypically and genetically distinct disease entity from adult-onset or older pediatric IBD.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.719-731
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• 2005

Purpose: This research was conducted to explore the experience of middle-aged women parting with their children and to develop a grounded theory. Method: The participants were 11 women in their 50's who had experienced parting with their children due to schooling, military service and marriage. The grounded theory methodology based on symbolic interactionism was used. Results: 106 concepts, 30 subcategories and 14 categories were derived from the analysis through processes of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The central phenomenon was 'happy but sad' and the core category was a process of 'independence that is sorrowful yet delightful'. Four types were identified; the independent-type; submissive -type; family-reliant-type ; and fragile-type; based on the attachment to the child, state of mind, satisfaction of the situation, family support system and self-achievement. Conclusion: This research identified that the modern Korean middle-aged women who are considered to be the 'sandwich generation' since they have experienced a turbulent history and the change from a confucian parent-child lifestyle to a couple-oriented one, moved away from an attitude dependent on children in parting with them and started preparing for an independent late life. Based on the results, the verification research is advised on the variables that affect the experience of parting with children.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.223-237
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• 2006

This study explores how well parents and their children recognize the social attitudes of one another. Mothers, fathers and youths were asked to state their own opinion on various social issues then predict their children's, fathers' and mothers' responses(attributed attitudes). Empirical evaluation of the possible socialization consequences of actual versus attributed attitudes leads to a series of hypotheses. The data were collected from single students at a university in Seoul and their parents. Included in the seven social attitude were sexuality, educational, economic, political, ecological, religious and family issues. Analysis of the responses 98-110 triads, each consisting a mother, a father and a young adult child showed that both mothers and fathers were limited in their ability to gauge the attitudes of their children. Guided by attribution theory, this study tested several hypothesized relationships between the actual response of mother, the actual response of the father, the perceived response of the mother, the perceived response of the father and the actual response of the child. The theoretical model was tested with AMOS 5.0, utilizing path analysis, which is a form of structural equation modeling with manifest variables. Overall model fit was assessed by examining GFI, NFI, TLI, CFI and RMR. Results of the data analysis can be summarized as follows. First, the children perceived their mothers and fathers to be highly similar in their opinions and the actual responses of the mothers and the fathers were considerably correlated. Second, the fathers' responses whether attributed or actual were more predictive than the mothers' responses to their children's opinions. The alternative model suggests considerable support for the attribution theory. Indeed, within a family, the actual opinions of parents appear to have little direct bearing on the child's orientations, except when the actual orientations are perceived and reinterpreted by the children. It is not what parents think, but what their children think they think that predicts their offsprings' attitudes.

• 한국노년학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.409-429
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• 2014

본 연구는 기혼 성인남녀 410명을 대상으로 노부모에 대한 성인자녀의 양가감정을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 양가감정을 묻는 직접측정 방식의 척도를 개발하고 그 다음 직접측정과 간접측정 간의 관계를 살펴보았다. 그 다음 성별에 따라 부모특성, 자녀특성, 관계특성이 노부모에 대한 성인자녀의 양가감정에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 먼저 양가감정 직접측정 척도 개발을 위해 탐색적 요인분석과 문항반응이론 분석을 실시하여 최종 9개의 문항을 선정하였다. 직접측정과 간접측정 간의 상관관계는 부모와 자녀 성별에 따라 r=.54(p<.000)에서 r=.62(p<.000) 범위를 나타내었다. 친밀감, 갈등, 관계만족도에 직·간접측정이 미치는 영향력은 아들, 딸 모두 갈등에는 간접측정의 영향력이 더 크고, 친밀감과 만족도는 직접측정의 영향력이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 부모특성, 자녀특성, 관계특성이 양가감정에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 전반적으로 간접측정보다 직접측정의 설명량이 높게 나타났으며, 아들의 경우 어머니에 대해서는 부양의무감이, 아버지에 대해서는 가치관이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 딸은 어머니에 대해서는 본인 나이, 아버지에 대해서는 아버지 나이가 가장 큰 영향력을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 서구 및 중국의 연구결과와 비교했을 때 유사성 및 차별성을 모두 가지고 있으므로 한국적 상황에서 부모-자녀관계에서 양가감정이 가지는 의미에 대해 논의되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1313-1323
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• 2016

To study the full health effects of parental radiation exposure on the children of the atomic bomb survivors, the Radiation Effects Research Foundation developed a cohort of 76,814 children born to atomic bomb survivors (F1 generation) to assess cancer incidence and mortality from common adult diseases. In analyzing radiation-associated health information, it is important to be able to adjust for sociodemographic and lifestyle variations that may affect health. In order to gain this and other background information on the F1 cohort and to determine willingness to participate in a related clinical study, the F1 Mail Survey Questionnaire was designed with questions corresponding to relevant health, sociodemographic, and lifestyle indicators. Between the years 2000 and 2006, the survey was sent to a subset of the F1 Mortality Cohort. A total of 16,183 surveys were completed and returned: 10,980 surveys from Hiroshima residents and 5,203 from Nagasaki residents. The response rate was 65.6%, varying somewhat across parental exposure category, city, gender, and year of birth. Differences in health and lifestyle were noted in several variables on comparison across city and gender. No major differences in health, lifestyle, sociodemographics, or disease were seen across parental exposure categories, though statistically significant tests for heterogeneity and linear trend revealed some possible changes with dose. The data described herein provide a foundation for studies in the future.