• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 2017

Objectives: There is higher rates of experience of suicide ideation and suicide attempt of adolescents in the Lima and Callao region compared with the results of the epidemiological study (2013) conducted by Peru National Institute of Mental Health and the Global School-based Student Health Survey (2010) which is was conducted among adolescents across all regions of Peru. Based on the PRECEDE model, this study analyzed the prevalence and the factor associated with the suicide attempt among the adolescent in a poor urban area in Peru. Methods: A stratified random sampling was used for the survey to select study participants from the 6 secondary schools based in Comas or Callao. The survey was conducted November 25th and December 4th in 2015 and a total of 738 individuals included in the analysis. In order to analyze factors influencing suicide attempt, comparison of predisposing factor, reinforcing factor, enabling factor, behavioral factor, environmental factor, psychological factors by suicide attempt and suicide risk group were identified through the chi-square test and hierarchical logistic regression. Results: Results showed that those who reported having less parental understanding, less time spent with parents, and 'almost none/none' for parental affection had more experience of suicide attempt and were more likely to sort into the high suicide risk group. Also, a greater proportion of those with the experience of suicide attempt had more experience of smoking and alcohol consumption, and experience of physical abuse and feeling insulted and depression in comparison to that of those without experience of suicide attempt. Variables that had a significant effect on suicide attempt included depression, subjective happiness, smoking experience, sexual intercourse, involvement in fight, parental affection, and gender (male). Conclusions: The results of the current study can serve as grounds for the necessity of acknowledging that adolescent suicide does not simply depend on a couple of factors, but arises from situations in which individual, home, school, social factors influence one another, and therefore adolescent suicide should be prevented and addressed through a multi-dimensional and integrated approach.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.254-267
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of brain-wave biofeedback training nursing intervention (NFT) upon enhancing self-regulation response in adolescence with emotional behavior problems in school. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted. The participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=24) or the control group (n=24). The experimental group additionally received NFT. The NFT was conducted 10 sessions for 30 minutes per session with the band reward and inhibit training which matched their Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG), participant's demand and chief complaint. Data were collected with QEEG and heart rate variability (HRV) in physiological response, self-efficacy in cognitive response, depression in emotional response, impulsivity and delay gratification in behavioral response of self-regulation. Results: The general characteristics and the pre-test scores of two groups were all homogeneous. The experimental group was reported to be significantly higher in QEEG homeostasis, HRV homeostasis, self-efficacy, and delay gratification than the control group. The experimental group was reported to be significantly lower in depression and impulsivity. Conclusion: The results indicate that NFT using brain cognitive neuroscience approach is effective in enhancing self-regulation response. Therefore, this nursing intervention using brain cognitive neuroscience approach can be applied as an effective self-regulation nursing intervention for adolescents with emotional behavior problems in communities for adaptive life.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.168-177
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• 2019

Objectives: We examined the factor structure of the Adolescent version of the General Behavior Inventory (A-GBI) for Koreans. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 220 adolescents (age, 12-18 years) who completed the A-GBI through the Department of Psychiatry at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, from October 2011 to December 2018. Caregivers of the study participants completed the Parent version of the GBI (P-GBI) 10-item Mania Scale. The adolescents were evaluated based on the A-GBI, Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and Revised-Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS). Subsequently, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using the maximum likelihood method with direct oblimin rotation and correlation analyses with other scales were performed. Results: The EFA identified a two-factor structure as having the best fit: factor I included depressive symptoms and factor II included hypomanic/biphasic symptoms. Factor I was very strongly correlated with the A-GBI depressive subscale (r=0.990, p<0.001) and strongly correlated with CDI (r=0.764, p<0.001) and RCMAS (r=0.666, p<0.001). Factor II was also very strongly correlated with the A-GBI hypomanic/biphasic subscale (r=0.877, p<0.001) and weakly correlated with CDI (r=0.274, p<0.001) and RCMAS (r=0.332, p<0.001). Conclusion: The above findings support a two-dimensional model of mood symptoms in Korean youth.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of psychiatric consultation for children and adolescents in a general hospital. Methods : Hospital records of 302 children and adolescents who were referred for psychiatric consultation in a general hospital over 4 years were reviewed and analyzed. Results : The mean referral rate for psychiatric consultation for school age children and adolescents was $2.15\%$. While more girls were referred in middle and high school age group, more boys were referred in pre-school age group. Fifty percent of the consultation was requested from department of internal medicine and pediatrics. Main reason for requesting psychiatric consultation was fur the assessment of the patients from psychiatric point of view $(31.1\%)$, followed by the management of depression $(11.6\%)$ and anxiety $(11.3\%)$. Most frequently rendered psychiatric services for the treatment was psychosocial education and supportive therapy $(21.2\%)$. Conclusion : There are differences in clinical nature of psychiatric consultation and referral patterns between adult patients and child and adolescent patients. Future research is needed to strengthen the services for child and adolescent psychiatric consultation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.255-270
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence the consumption of convenience foods among Korean adolescents. Methods: This study had a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the 15th (2019) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which involved a nationwide representative sample of 57,303 middle- and high-school students. Convenience-food consumption was defined by frequency of adolescents consuming convenience foods obtained from convenience stores, supermarkets, and cafeterias over the previous 7 days. The analyzed variables were related to sociodemographic, mental health, and health behavior. The Rao-Scott χ² test was applied to examine the difference in the rate of consuming convenience foods obtained from convenience stores according to each factor. Hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to examine the factors that influence convenience-food consumption among Korean adolescents. Results: It was found that 29.1% of Korean adolescents consumed convenience foods obtained from convenience store more than three times per week. The significant influencing factors were female sex; low subjective academic achievement, and subjective household economic status; high perceived stress; low subjective sleep sufficiency; experience of depression; suicidal ideation; lower physical activity; skipping breakfast; lower consumptions of fruit, milk, and vegetables; higher consumptions of soda drinks, sweet drinks, caffeine, and fast food; lower water intake; current smoking and drinking; drug use; and experience of violence. Conclusion: These findings provide a better understanding of the sociodemographic, mental-health, and health-behavior factors that influence the consumption of convenience foods among Korean adolescents. We suggest that differentiated policies, strategies, and nutrition education need to be developed and implemented, in order to address the above-mentioned factors and thereby reduce such behaviors among Korean adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.195-216
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• 1999

Adolescents whose families receive public assistance are primary interest in the article because they experience disproportionate shares of the burden of poverty and psychosocial stress and are at substantially high risk. To explain the psychosocial stresses of high-risk adolescents in poverty, this study analyzed the inter-relations and interactions of major variables: 1) stress related life condition, 2)individual & environmental resources, 3) emotional, behavioral, and academic adjustment. Data came from the survey of 351 students living in the families receiving public assistance. The major findings were as follows. High-risk adolescents in poverty suffered from chronic stresses related life conditions, including family environmental stress, financial & medical stress and stigmatic stress. As the effects of stress increased, depression/anxiety and delinquency of poor youth increased. The psychosocial adjustment of poor youth at risk was most effected by the stress resulted from family environment. Though they were suffered from stresses related poor environment, adolescents in poverty adjusted well, if they had individual and environmental resources including self-esteem democratic parenting and supportive school climate. In conclusion, this study confirmed that emotional, behavioral, and academic adjustment of adolescents in poverty was affected by various stresses from life conditions and individual and environmental resources. In order to improve adjustment of poor youth at risk, life conditions have to be improved and psychosocial resources to be increased. These findings have provided practical implications for social workers helping high-risk adolescents in poverty.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), and its association with suicide attempts among clinically depressed adolescents in Korea. Methods : In total, 113 depressed adolescents aged 12-18 years in South Korea were enrolled in this study. We assessed sociodemographic and clinical characteristics including suicidality and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) using various self-reported scales and semi-structured interview for diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects were compared between NSSI and non-NSSI groups. We examined significant predictors of suicide attempts using logistic regression analysis. Results : Among 113 depressed participants, 48 (42.1%) adolescents were classified into the NSSI group. In the NSSI group, there were significantly more females, showed higher depression, higher state-anxiety, and more suicide ideation. The most predictive factors of suicide attempts were history of NSSI, observed suicide/NSSI behaviors of their family or friends, and total state anxiety score. Conclusions : NSSI is more common problem among clinically depressed adolescents and history of NSSI is a significant predictor of present suicide attempts. To include the assessment of NSSI for clinically depressed adolescent may be crucial for intervention programs for high risk adolescents of suicide in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 1994

Research on biological aspects on adult depression has been subjected to more than 25 years of systematic research, while biologic investigations regarding childhood and adolescent depression are only now being initiated. Although no unifying, explanatory theory of the biologic etiology of childhood depression emerges from the results of studies reviewed above, the findings do support that biological factors may be involved in the genesis of childhood depression. The research reviewed in this paper suggests that age and pubertal factors have major effects in most biological markers of depression. Some of these markers, like sleep EEG and neuroendocrine markers should be broken down by decades during adult life span. Thus, although adult data are very valuable points of departure for biological research on child and adolescent depression, it is very hard to transfer the adult data to prepubertal children and adolescents, ignoring the biological changes that take place in growth and development, pubety and aging. A great deal of work in basic developmental neuroscience remains to be done. It will be crucial for further advances in this field to determine the normal patterns of neurotransmitter interaction in this age group and to study children at high risk for depression. It will be also crucial to use primate models of depressive illness in order to be able to answer the many queations that cannot be investigated in humans for ethical issues. Conclusively, much closer collaboration between developmental and neurobiological and behavioral studies in primates and in humans will be essential for further development.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.11-22
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• 1999

This study focused on the relationship of social skills and social support from family and friends to adjustment between children and adolescents. Subjects were enrolled in the fifth, sixth, 1st, & 2nd grades of elementary and junior high schools. The instruments were Teenage Inventory of Social Skills, Perceived Social Support from Family & Friends, Child Depression Inventory, and Antisocial Behavior Scale. Results indicated that there were positive relations between social skills and social support from family and friends. The more social support from family children and adolescents had, the less depression and antisocial behavior they reported. For depression, children and adolescents showed a significant sex difference. In the case of antisocial behavior, only adolescents revealed a significant sex difference. Depression was explained by social support from family most for both children and adolescents. Antisocial behavior was explained by social skills most especially for children. The results discussed in the context of the effects of social skills and social support on emotional and behavioral adjustments.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.356-365
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• 1999

This study was carried out to evaluate high-school students' nutrient intakes according to the status of depressive trends, and to analyse the in physical and mental health status. The volunteers were 560 high school students selected from 8 provinces, but 511 students were analyzed. A was used for evaluation, The questions were composed in consideration of socio-demographic characteristics, physical health condition by CMI, mental condition assessed by a modified Zung's self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the evaluation of food consumption by a 24 hours recall method. The family situations of the subjects were mostly nuclear family(73%), agricultural work(53%), and having religion(53%). Only 3% of the students suffered depression where as 19% showed depression trendencies. The individual factors that affected their mental condition were family farming and consciousness of academic accomplishment. The health status counted with CMI was 6.2/20 scores. The non-depressed trend group of students had a lower score of CMI than others. The overall nutrient intakes of students were low compared with the Korean RDA for adolescents. The Mean Adequacy Ratio(MAR) of nutrient intakes was only $0.45{\pm}0.23$. Iron, vitamin A, and riboflavin intakes were significantly low and correlated with depressive trend score. The result from the regression analysis showed that CMI, study accomplishment, and vitamin A were the most significant factors influencing mental condition. We concluded that Korean rural high-school students were healthy in mental condition and showed lower rates of depression academic. For there more we could say that the intakes of iron and vitamin A also influenced mental health. Findings confirmed the need of becoming hopeful job of farming and better nutritional status. These situations would be necessary for students to ameliorate the quality of rural living.