• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.475-481
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• 2010

Lots of pollutants typically originating from urban transportation are accumulating on the paved surfaces during dry periods and are washed-off directly to the river during a storm. Also, paved surfaces are contributing to increase in peak flows and volume of stormwater flows. These are the main reasons why the water quality of rivers and lakes remain polluted and still below standards. Currently, several management practices are being applied in developed countries but the design standards are still lacking. This research was conducted to develop a treatment technology that can be useful to address the problems concerning runoff quality and quantity. A lab scale infiltration device consisting of a pretreatment tank and media zone was designed and tested for various flow regimes characterizing the low, average and high intensity rainfall. Based on the experiments, the high intensity flow resulted to increase in outflow event mean concentration (EMC) of pollutants, about twice as much as the average outflow EMC. However, 78 to 88% of the total suspended solids were captured and retained in the pretreatment tank because of sedimentation. The removal of heavy metals such as zinc and lead was greatly affected by the vertical placement of woodchip layer prior to the media zone. It was observed that the high carbon content (almost 50%) in the woodchip provided opportunity for enhancing its uptake of metal by adsorption. The findings implied that the reduction of pollutants can be greatly achieved by means of proper pretreatment to allow for settling of particles with a combination of using high carbon source media like woodchip and a geotextile mat to reduce the flow before filtering into the media zone and finally discharging to the drainage system.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-176
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• 2009

Objectives : To address most probable and suitable method for designing clinical trial intervening Traditional Korean Herbal Medicine on hwa-byung. Study Design : A systematic review of research studies of complementary and/or alternative medical(CAM) treatment of depression, and of domestic clinical trials of Traditional Korean Medicine, and of Chinese clinical trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods : Randomized, controlled trials(RCTs) of treatment of depression intervening herbal medicine were searched through MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases. Also, domestic RCTs intervening Traditional Korean Herbal Medicine were searched through Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal and Korean studies Information Service System(KISS). Studies were evaluated using Iadad scale and self-designed tool for this study. Results : Thirty four RCT studies( 10 from MEDLINE, 16 from CNKI, 8 domestic studies) of herbal medicine met inclusion criteria. Mean Jadad score of studies published in English was 2.8${\pm}$0.79, in Chinese 1.94${\pm}$0.77, and in Korean 2.75${\pm}$0.71. Twenty one percent of studies included pattern differentiation in their inclusion criteria. Twenty nine percent of studies used combined treatment of herbal and conventional medicine. Among studies on depression, 9% included Complementary Medical assessing tools. Conclusions : There is shortage of domestic clinical trial involving herbal medicine. In China, studies tend to focus on investigating effect of Combined treatment of herbal and conventional medicine on depression. Clinical trial(s) of hwa-byung should provide good internal validity by describing methodology for randomization, double-blinding, and attrition. Also, specific guideline for clinical trial, including Traditional Korean Medical aspects across inclusion criteria, and assessing tools is needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2003

There are two goals in this paper. The one is development of existing CA(Cellular Automata) model to explain more realistic deceleration process to stop. The other is the application of the updated CA model to forecasting simulation to predict short term link travel time that takes a key rule in finding the shortest path of route guidance system of ITS. Car following theory of CA models don't makes not response to leading vehicle's velocity but gap or distance between leading vehicles and following vehicles. So a following vehicle running at free flow speed must meet steeply sudden deceleration to avoid back collision within unrealistic braking distance. To tackle above unrealistic deceleration rule, “Slow-to-stop” rule is integrated into NaSch model. For application to interrupted traffic flow, this paper applies “Slow-to-stop” rule to both normal traffic light and random traffic light. And vehicle packet method is used to simulate a large-scale network on the desktop. Generally, time series data analysis methods such as neural network, ARIMA, and Kalman filtering are used for short term link travel time prediction that is crucial to find an optimal dynamic shortest path. But those methods have time-lag problems and are hard to capture traffic flow mechanism such as spill over and spill back etc. To address above problems. the CA model built in this study is used for forecasting simulation to predict short term link travel time in Kangnam district network And it's turned out that short term prediction simulation method generates novel results, taking a crack of time lag problems and considering interrupted traffic flow mechanism.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1633-1639
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• 2010

Recently Wireless sensor networks have been used for many purposes and is active for this study. The various methods to reduce energy consumption, which are actively being studied Wireless sensor network to reduce energy consumption, leading to improve transport efficiency, Cluster can be viewed using the research methods. Cluster method researches consists of a sensor node to the cluster and in among those they take out the Cluster head node and Cluster head node is having collects sensing information of circumferential nodes sensing to sink node transmits. Selected as cluster head sensor nodes so a lot of the energy consumption is used as a cluster head sensor nodes is lose a shorter life span have to be replaced by another sensor node. In this paper, to complement the disadvantages of a cluster-mesh method, proposes to manage memory efficiently about filtering method for sensing data. Filtering method to store the same data sensing unlike traditional methods of data filtering system sensing first sent directly by the hashing algorithm to calculate the hash table to store addresses and Sensing to store data on the calculated address in a manner to avoid duplication occurred later, and sensing data is not duplicated by filtering data to be stored in the hash table is a way.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39B no.5
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• pp.309-316
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• 2014

It is easy to reverse engineer an Android app package file(APK) and get its decompiled source code. Therefore, attackers obtains economic benefits by illegally using the decompiled source code, or modifies an app by inserting malware. To address these problems in Android, we propose an APK overwrite scheme that protects apps against illegal modification of themselves by using a new anti-reverse engineering technique. In this paper, the targets are the apps which have been written by any programmer. For a target app (original app), server system (1) makes a copy of a target app, (2) encrypts the target app, (3) creates a stub app by replacing the DEX (Dalvik Executable) of the copied version with our stub DEX, and then (4) distributes the stub app as well as the encrypted target app to users of smartphones. The users downloads both the encrypted target app and the corresponding stub app. Whenever the stub app is executed on smartphones, the stub app and our launcher app decrypt the encrypted target app, overwrite the stub app with the decrypted target one, and executes the decrypted one. Every time the target app ends its execution, the decrypted app is deleted. To verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme, experimentation with several popular apps are carried out. The results of the experiment demonstrate that our scheme is effective for preventing reverse engineering and tampering of Android apps.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.155-165
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• 2012

In any military services, young leaders are superiors to another and the leaders must be equipped with not only command and control(C2) and management capabilities but with a skill set that addresses their service members' problems and hardships throughout a counseling approach. These young leaders other than regular professional counselors are wearing dual hats as a commander and a counselor to address their service member's issues. There are couple of hours to give a lecture about counseling during the basic training course, however, we noticed that there are some limitations to cover up the uniqueness of counseling during the course, since we cannot rule out the unique vertical situation within military system that runs by its hierarchy. Therefore, we developed education program in order to enhance commander's counseling skills, refined the program with thorough review and commentary by professions and military commanders, and provided 10 events of program to the young leaders. As a result, the leaders scored high on self-effectiveness, communication skills, and counseling development-level. If we adjust minor changes to the program, it will be the outstanding program to improve young leaders' counseling capability.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.76-85
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• 1993

In order to predict the free surface signature of turbulent ship wakes two things are essential; a basic understanding of the mechanism of turbulent vortical flow/free surface interactions and a mathematical model to accurately predict the signature. The goal of the study described here is both to supplement experimental work to obtain basic understanding, as well as to condense this understanding in a model(or models) that captures the essential phenomena and thus allows predictions. To do so we followed two main paths guided by experimental observations. One is full simulations of the flow using the clavier-Stokes equations. The other is a vortex modeling, where the vortical structures of the flows are approximated by idealized structures, an the interaction assumed to be essentially inviscid. These approaches complement each other. Full simulations are only applicable to small scale phenomena, where the system is simple, and the Reynolds number is low. The vortex modeling, on the other hand, cannot represent essentially viscous aspects of the problem such as the effect of contamination gradient. Obviously, the modeling is what may eventually lead to a prediction method; the full simulations-too limited to mimic all but the simplest circumstances-are to aid and support the construction of realistic models. We address two-dimensional aspects of the vortex/free surface interaction first. Secondly we obtain some basic understanding of the interaction process through an experiment and then talk about several three-dimensional problems hoping to develop a successful prediction model.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.245-283
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• 2003

Since enactment of the Product Liability Act(PLA) on July 2002, Enterprises in Korea should be insured the Product Liability under the Act. Therefore they had to make a special team and organize it to match with the Act. However, some enterprises didn't follow and prepare the team for the dispute resolution. For example, in America, many enterprises had been attacked the PLA and in Japan, as well. but Korea is rare for the PLA. Thus, this is to research the PLA for protecting the disputes. Upon this study, 1 would like to suggest some issues and a revision of the PLA. Those are the purpose of my research. In this study, it consists of 5 chapters for achieving the purpose of the research. Introduction of this study is mentioned in Chapter 1, and Chapter 2 is for outline of the PLA in Korea. At Chapter 3, the cases are analyzed in the disputes of importers to address important things we have to check. After the analysis, resolution methods in general on import practices are suggested at Chapter 4. Also, this study is summarized at Chapter 5 including further research. In this research, 1 find out complex of Product Liability insurance and issues related with PLA. For protecting the issues and disputes; importers should prepare a agreement of arbitration during the preparation of contracts. Nothing can be better than prevention on any disputes, but they can be happened sometimes without any intentions or by mistake. Solving these issues, the resolution methods of this research are the most valuable. The mediation and the negotiation do not force any legal matters. So, the dispute through them does not have a positive resolution, and the effectiveness of them is very low. Due to the resolution of issues, arbitration is a desirable resolution. In Korea, most people do not know about the arbitration due to the lack of understanding of arbitration. Currently arbitration related with Product Liability has not been followed up promptly because procedures and judgement from a court take for a long time. In sum, in order to solve the disputes properly, they should be supported by the arbitration system to concrete essential objectives, so to speak, protection of the victim and the improvement of arbitration. In addition, the systematic arrangements would be required to carry out all the methods above mentioned. Those are for manufacturers, importers, and customers for the dispute resolution.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.36-42
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• 2002

Diesel exhaust (DE) has been recognized as a noxious mutagen and/or carcinogen, because its components can form DNA adducts. Mechanisms governing the susceptibility to DE and the efficiency of such DNA adduct formation require clarification. The transcription factor Nrf2 is essential for inducible and/or constitutive expression of a group of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes, and we hypothesized that the nrf2 gene knockout mouse might serve as an excellent model system for analyzing DE toxicity. To address this hypothesis, lungs from nrf2(-/-) and nrf2(+/-) mice were examined for the production of xenobiotic-DNA adducts after exposure to DE (3 $mg/m^{3}$ suspended particulate matter) for 4 weeks. Whereas the relative adduct levels (RAL) were significantly increased in the lungs of both nrf2(+/-) and nrf2(-/-) mice upon exposure to DE, the increase of RAL in the lungs from nrf2(-/-) mice exposed to DE were approximately 2.3-fold higher than that of nrf2(+/-) mite exposed to DE. In contrail, cytochrome P4501Al mRNA levels in the nrf2(-/-)mouse lungs were similar to those in the nrf2(+/-) mouse lungs even after exposure to DE, suggesting that suppressed activity of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes is important in giving ise to the increased level of DNA adducts in the Nrf2-null mutant mouse subjected to DE. Importantly, severe hyperplasia and accumulation of the oxidative DNA adduct 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were observed in the bronchial epidermis of nrf(-/-) mite following DE exposure. These results demonstrate the increased susceptibility of the nrf2 germ line mutant mouse to DE exposure and indicate the nrf2 gene knockout mouse nay represent a valuable model for the assessment of respiratory DE toxicity.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.33-48
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• 2006

The Semantic Web and its related technologies have been opening the era of information sharing via the Web. There are, however, several huddles still to overcome in the new era, and one of the major huddles is the issue of information integration, unless a single unified and huge ontology could be built and used which could address everything in the world. Particularly in the e-business area, the problem of information integration is of a great concern for product search and comparison at various Internet shopping sites and e-marketplaces. To overcome this problem, we proposed an ontology-driven mapping algorithm between heterogeneous product classification and description frameworks. We also peformed a comparative evaluation of the proposed mapping algorithm against a well-Down ontology mapping tool, PROMPT.