• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.840-846
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• 2002

Male Sprague-Bawler rats were blocked into four groups which were normal rats fed control diet (NC) diabetic rats fed control diet (DC), normal rats fed Hamcho powder diet (NH), and diabetic rats fed Hamcho powder diet (DH). Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg B.W. i.p.). The animals were fed ad libitum for 5 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose 6-phosphtase (Gspase), glutathione S-transferase (GST) glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were measured in the homogenates of liver and kidney, and total lipid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the blood serum. Food and water intakes were markedly higher in diabetic groups than those of normal groups and were not significantly decreased by Hamcho powder supplementation, But, FER (Feed efficiency ratio) of DH Brood was higher than that of U group. Total cholesterol level of DH group was decreased in the second and third week, and the weekly change of blood sugar was also decreased in the 5th week. Dietary Hamcho intake showed 41.2% of hypoglycemic effect in diabetics rats. Levels of total lipid and triglycerides of DH group were lower than those of DC group. Hepatic GR activity of DH group was higher than those of other groups. However, renal GR activity was lower than those of other groups. Hepatic G6Pase activity was significantly high in DH group and reduced by Hamcho powder supplementation. GST was reduced by Hancho diet in diabetic rats. In conclusion Hamcho supplementation decreased serum lipid and glucose concentration in STZ-induced diabetic rats and this effects of Hamcho might exert antidiabetic effect of Hamcho powder diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.377-386
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Indongcho(L. japonica Thunb) powder on blood glucose, serum lipid levels and antioxidative enzymes in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Four groups of rats(3-week-old inbred Sprague-Dawley male rats) were normal rats fed control diet(NC), diabetic rats fed control diet(DC), normal rats fed Indongcho powder diet(NI), and diabetic rats fed Indongcho powder diet(DI). Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin(60mg/kg B.W., i.p.). The animals were fed ad libium each of the experimental diet for 5 weeks. Food and water intakes were determined everyday. Blood glucose and serum total cholesterol levels were determined every week. After 5 weeks the animals were sacrificed and activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were determined in their liver and kidney homogenates. We also determined serum concentrations of total lipid(TL), total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG) and HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C). Blood sugar and water intake were higher in diabetic group(DC and DI group) than normal group(NC and NI group) and were not significantly decreased by dietary Indongcho intake. Body weight gain and FER(feed efficiency ratio) were reduced by STZ treatment. But, Final body weight was recovered by Indongcho-contained diet. LHR(LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol) of the DI g re up was significantly lower than the other experimental groups(NC, NI and DC groups). The hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activity of the groups fed Indongcho diet(NI and DI group) was lower than the groups fed control diet(NC and DC group) and the G6Pase activity of NI group was recovered to the normal levels(p<0.05). However, The glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and glutathione reductase(GR) activities in liver and G6Pase activity in kidney were not statistically different between the control and diabetic control groups. Renal GST activity of the DI group was recovered by Indongcho intake. In conclusion, these results confirm oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of rats with STZ diabetes and antioxidative effect of Indongcho.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.257-261
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• 2013

Rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) and mice were utilized as in vitro and in vivo models to determine the neuroprotective effects of a 70% acetone extract of black soybean seed coat (BSSCE). BSSCE showed higher total phenolic contents than other extracts. Intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation from $H_2O_2$ treatment of PC12 cells was significantly reduced when BSSCE was present in the media compared to PC12 cells treated with $H_2O_2$ only. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) reduction assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay also showed significantly increased protective effects in PC12 cells. In addition, BSSCE improved the in vivo cognitive ability against amyloid beta peptide-induced neuronal deficits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.799-806
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• 2014

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of extract from Eriobotrya japonica leaves (EJE) on cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine, a muscarinic antagonist, in rats. Scopolamine injection (1 mg/kg, i.p.) impaired performance in rats in the passive avoidance test as well as in water maze test and severely reduced cholinergic system reactivity, as indicated by reduced acetylcholine levels and increased acetylcholinesterase activity. Daily administration of EJE significantly increased step-through latency in the passive avoidance test, reduced escape latency, and increased time spent in the platform quadrant in the Morris water maze test. EJE protected against scopolamine-induced cholinergic system deficit, including reduced acetylcholine levels and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in whole brain homogenates. These results suggest that EJE provides a significant anti-amnesic effect against scopolamine-induced cholinergic system deficits and cognitive impairment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1984

It has been recently reported that cingulate cortex mar facilitate gastric acid secretion, but its facilitatory mechanism on the gastric acid secretion is still unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the facilitatory mechanism of the cingulate cortex upon gastric acid secretion in rats. Twenty·three male albino rats were divided into the cingulate(N= 13) and the operated control(N= 10) groups. The cingulate group in which cingulate cortex was removed by suction through a slit-shaped opening on each side of, and parallel to, the sagittal suture. In the operated control group, the surgical procedure was ended with the skull opening and the incision of dura mater. The gastric juice was collected via a chronic gastric cannula after 24 hours of fast, with water ad libitum. The juice was collected continuously for 6 hours, starting 3 hours prior to the injection of gastric secretagogue, pentagastrin$(12\;{\mu}g/kg)$ or histamine dihydrochloride $(320\;{\mu}g/kg)$. Three one·hour samples were obtained before ana after the administration of each secretagogue. The two agents were injected separately and subcutaneously at intervals of 1 week, the blood samples were drawn from the abdominal aorta for the radioimmunoassay of postprandial plasma gastrin concentration in response to the forced feeding of 10% cod liver oil. 1) After pentagastrin administration, the volume of gastric juice tended to decrease, but its acidity tended to increase in the cingulate group compared with those of the operated control group. However, there was no any difference in the acid output between the two groups. 2) Histamine-stimulated acid output and volume of the gastric juice of the cingulate group decreased significantly compared with those of the operated control group, while there was not significantly different in the acidity between the two groups. 3) Before pentagastrin or histamine administration, any change was not observed in the gastric acid secretion following the cingulate cortical ablation. 4) Postprandial plasma gastrin concentration in response to the forced feeding of 10% cod liver oil was insignificantly lower in the cingulate group than in the operated control group. It is inferred from the above results that the cingulate cortex exerts a facilitatory influence upon the histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats, and its influence may not be mediated by the stimulation of gastrin secretion.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.145-153
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• 2018

SSL (Secure Socket Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) are widely used protocols for secure and encrypted communication over a computer network. However, there have been reported several security vulnerabilities of SSL/TLS over the years. The vulnerabilities can let an adversary carry out critical attacks on SSL/TLS enabled servers. In this paper, we have developed a system which can periodically scan SSL/TLS vulnerabilities on internal network servers and quickly detects, reports and visualizes the vulnerabilities. We have evaluated the system on working servers of Naver services and analyzed detected vulnerabilities. 816 vulnerabilities are found on 213 internal server domains (4.2 vulnerabilities on average) and most vulnerable servers are not opened to public. However, 46 server domains have old vulnerabilites which were found 2016. We could patch and response to SSL/TLS vulnerabilites of servers by leveraging the proposed system.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine whether efficiency of oocyte production from superovulated prepubertal goats. Fifteen prepubertal and twenty adult goats, maintained in a pen under natural day length and fed hay ad libitum, were pretreated with progestagen implanted CIDR for 10 days. Superovulation treatment of the goats received twice daily intramuscular injection of a total of 70 mg FSH for 3 days from Day 8 of CIDR. All the gonadotrophin treated goats were injected with 10 mg $PGF_2{\alpha}$ on Day 8 and 400~600 IU hCG in the afternoon on Day 10. Oocytes were recovered by follicle aspiration or oviduct flushing at 35 to 40 h after hCG injection through mid-ventral incision. The in vivo matured oocytes was activated by ionomycin (5 min) and 6-DMAP (3.5~4 h). The activated oocytes were cultured in mSOF medium containing 0.8% BSA at 38.5$^{\circ}C$ in an atmosphere of 5% CO$_2$, 5% O$_2$, 90% N$_2$ for 7~8 days. There was no significant difference in the mean number of CL and in vivo matured and follicular oocytes recovered. But, quality of I + II grade follicular oocytes was lower (p<0.05) in the prepubertal goat (25.0%) than the adults (52.4%). The same results were also observed in the cleavage and blastocyst rate of activated oocytcs. The cleavage and blastocyst rate from prepubertal derived oocytes were lower (p<0.05) in the prepubertal goat (54.5%, 23.3%) than the adult goat (86.8%, 46.6%). Considering overall these results, we suggest that maturation of donor goats is a major factor affecting recovered oocytes quality and in vitro development of activated goat oocytes.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.365-375
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• 1995

The anemia-inducing strain of Friend virus (FVA) is a murine retrovirus which stimulates the proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells. The progenitor cells synthesized by FVA-stimulation are unable to proceed with differentiation and accumulate in the spleen resulting in splenomegaly in infected mice. Using FVA-inoculated mice as a model, we have investigated the antiretroviral effects of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) and recombinant $interferon-{\alpha}-A\;(rIFN-{\alpha}-A)$ on FVA infection. The extent of the infection was determined by measuring the weights of the spleens. Daily intraperitoneal injection of ddC (100 mg/kg body weight), $rIFN-{\alpha}-A$ (10 KU/mose) and the combination of both drugs to FVA inoculated mice for 18 days resulted in suppression of the growth of spleens by 15.1%, 52.7% and 61.6%, respectively. When ddC was dissolved in drinking water (0.1 mg/ml) and administered to a group of FVA inoculated mice ad libitum, and $rIFN-{\alpha}-A$ (10 KU/mouse) was intraperitoneally injected daily to another group of ddC (0.1 mg/ml) drinking mice for 18days, the growth of spleens was suppressed by 38.4% and 83.2%, respectively. These results indicate that administration of ddC via drinking water is more effective in suppressing FVA infection than the daily injection of ddC, and that the combined effects ddC and $rIFN-{\alpha}-A$ are not synergistic but additive. In order to determine whether ddC treatment alters the characteristic of the progenitor cells with respect to $Ca^{++}$ uptake, $Ca^{++}$ uptake in erythroid cells and the effect of cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on the $Ca^{++}$ uptake were studied. $Ca^{++}$ uptake in the erythroid progenitor cells was about 20-fold greater than in mouse erythrocytes and the inhibition of $Ca^{++}$ uptake by CHA was the greatest in the progenitor cells from FVA infected mice which were treated with ddC. The inhibition was obviated by theophylline. Results of CHA binding studies showed that the erythroid progenitor cells contain both high and low affinity CHA binding sites, whereas mose erythrocytes contain only the low affinity CHA binding sites.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.126-136
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• 1984

The long-term effects of vegetable and animal high fat diet on the lipid metabolism were investigated in male weaning rats. The rats were fed one of four semipurified diet ad libitum : control diet supplied 12% of calories as fat(control group), low fat diet supplied 3% of calories as fat (3% F group), 45% corn oil diet supplied 45% calories from corn oil (45% C group) and 45% butte. fat diet supplied 45% calories from butter fat (45 % B group). Incorporation of $acetate-1-^{14}C$ into lipid of liver, serum and adipose tissue as well as exhalation of $^{14}CO_{2}$ from $acetate-1-^{14}C$ were observed in rats fed for 4,8 and 12 weeks. The weigh of epididymal adipose tissue of rats, fed 45% corn oil and 45% butter fat . from 4 weeks to 8 weeks were higher, but not different at 12 weeks, compared with those of control group. The weight of abdominal adipose tissue appeared to be similar to those of epididymal adipose tissue. Incorporations of $acetate-1-^{14}C$ into lipid of liver were remarkably decreased in high fat diet groups, especially in 45% C group, but in 3% F group were increased more than those of control group. Incorporations of $acetate-1-^{14}C$ into epididymal adipose tissue in 3% F, 45% C and 45% B group at 8 weeks were remarkably increased but not different at 12 weeks, compared with those of control group. The incorporation of {acetate-1-}^{14}C into abdominal adipose tissue appeared to be similar to those of epididymal adipose tissue. Incorporations of $acetate-1-^{14}C$ into lipid of serum in 45% C and 45% B group were reduced reasonably at 4 and 8 weeks of diet as compared with those of control group. Exhalation of $^{14}CO_{2}$ was increased to maximum level at 10 minutes after injection of $acetate-1-^{14}C$. Expiration of $^{14}CO_{2}$ in 45% C and 45% B group were higher than those in 3% F and control group for initial 5 minutes after injection, but expirations of $^{14}CO_{2}$ did not have significant difference among groups of diet since 10 minutes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.826-833
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of YK-209 mulberry leaves on HMG-CoA reductase activity and lipid composition of liver in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10 B were randomly assigned as a normal group and four STZ-induced diabetic groups according to the level of dietary mulberry leaves supplement. The experimental diets were fed ad libidum, so that diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous injection of STZ 55 mg/kg of body weight after feeding for 3 weeks. Animals were sacrificed on the 9th day of diabetic states. The levels of serum triglyceride, total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in DM group were higher than mulberry leaves supplemented groups and normal group, but those of the mulberry leaves supplemented groups were significantly decreased to normal level. In contrast, the leavels of serum HDL-cholesterol in DM group was significantly reduced than that of normal group, but mulberry leaves supplemented groups were increased to normal level. Atherogenic index in DM group was higher about 3 fold than the normal group but the DM-0.1Y and DM-0.2Y groups were maintained the normal level. Contents of total lipid and triglyceride of liver in DM group were significantly lower than that of normal group, but the mulberry Leaves supplemented groups increased than that of DM group. The contents of hepatic cholesterol in DM group was 160% higher than that of normal group, but the mulberry leaves supplementation groups maintained the normal level. The activity of hepatic 3-hydroxy -3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in DM group was 43% lower than that of normal group, but had no significant difference between DM-0.1Y, DM-0.2Y and normal groups. In conclusion, YK-209 mulberry loaves has improving effect of the lipid metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic rats through hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity, and the change of lipids contents in serum and liver.