• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.337-341
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• 2013

The effects of gypenosides (GPS) on electric footshock (EF)-induced acute stress in mice were investigated. Mice were treated orally with GPS (30-400 mg/kg) once a day for 5 days. After 2 days of GPS treatment, mice were exposed to EF stimuli (intensity, 2 mA; interval, 10 s; duration, 3 min) for acute stress for 3 days. Spontaneous locomotor activity was increased by acute EF stress, which was decreased by treatment with GPS (100 and 400 mg/kg). In addition, the increased levels of dopamine and serotonin by acute EF stress in the brain were reduced by treatment with GPS (100 and 400 mg/kg). The serum levels of corticosterone increased by acute EF stress were also reduced by GPS (100 and 400 mg/kg). These results suggest that GPS shows the ameliorating effects on acute EF stress by modulating the activity of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons, and the serum levels of corticosterone. Clinical trials of GPS need to be conducted further so as to develop promising anti-stress agents.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.75-85
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• 2011

Objectives : In this case report, we will present three patients diagnosed with acute stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder improved by application of oriental medical treatments. Methods : We treated three patients with acute stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder by oriental medical treatments. The effect of oriental medical treatments were evaluated by STAI and clinical symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, palpitation, startle response. Results : As a result of oriental treatments, clinical symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, palpitation, startle response were improved, and STAI scores also decreased. Conclusions : These results suggest that oriental treatments may have an effect on acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.525-532
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• 2010

Dypepsia is the most common gastrointestinal disease and mainly occurs by stress or food. According to the cause of dyspepsia, the clinical characteristics and the curative process are different in patients. The purpose of this study is to compare acute dyspepsia patients depending on food factor and stress factor. For this study, we analyzed the cause, and the symptoms of 59 acute dyspepsia patients and divided them into two groups: one group is 27 acute dyspepsia patient group caused by stress factor (stress factor group). The other group is 32 acute dyspepsia patient group caused by food factor (food factor group). In addition, we carried out HRV test and compared HRV index between two groups. There was no significant difference in past illness involved in gastrointestinal tract diseases between two groups. There were big differences in the frequency of chest discomfort, thurst, lack of appetite, and exhaustion after meals between two groups. There were many changes of tongue fur in food factor group. But there were many changes of tongue body in stress factor group. The pulse pattern is mostly wiry in stress factor group. But, The pulse pattern is mostly slippery in food factor group. HF, TP were significantly lower than food factor group in stress factor group, it means autonomic nerve system was more suppressd in stress factor group than food factor group. Food factor group improved sooner than stress factor group. This study presented the clinically different characteristics (past medical history, symptoms, tongue diagnosis, pulse pattern, curative process) of acute dyspepsia depending on food factor and stress factor. Thus, it provides the necessity of oriental medical diagnosis and treatment called pattern identification for acute dyspepsia.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.209-216
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• 2015

Stress is now recognized as a universal premorbid factor associated with many risk factors of various chronic diseases. Acute stress may induce an individual's adaptive response to environmental demands. However, chronic, excessive stress causes cumulative negative impacts on health outcomes through "allostatic load". Thus, monitoring the quantified levels of long-term stress mediators would provide a timely opportunity for prevention or earlier intervention of stressrelated chronic illnesses. Although either acute or chronic stress could be quantified through measurement of changes in physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, and levels of various metabolic hormones, it is still elusive to interpret whether the changes in circulating levels of stress mediators such as cortisol can reflect the acute, chronic, or diurnal variations. Both serum and salivary cortisol levels reveal acute changes at a single point in time, but the overall long-term systemic cortisol exposure is difficult to evaluate due to circadian variations and its protein-binding capacity. Scalp hair has a fairy predictable growth rate of approximately 1 cm/month, and the most 1 cm segment approximates the last month's cortisol production as the mean value. The analysis of cortisol in hair is a highly promising technique for the retrospective assessment of chronic stress. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(4): 209-216]

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.36
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• pp.101-132
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• 2011

Using data collected from Korean mothers (N＝429) with preschool children (aged 3 to 5 years) in 12 day care centers in Seoul, this study aims to empirically demonstrate the different pathways acute and chronic stress affect parenting efficacy of mothers according to the income group to which they belong. Analytic results show mothers in the low-income group show higher levels of depressive symptoms than mothers in the middle-income group, and the former also show more frequent and higher levels of acute and chronic stress than the latter. The mediation model results show that acute stress and chronic stress did not directly affect parenting efficacy, but rather indirectly affect parenting efficacy through maternal depressive symptoms. Acute stress and chronic stress are both significant factors affecting depressive symptoms with chronic stress exerting greater influence. When the total effect was analyzed, chronic stress has a greater effect on parenting efficacy than acute stress. The effect of chronic stress on maternal depressive symptoms is greater on low-income mothers than middle-income mothers, while the effect of acute stress on maternal depressive symptoms and the effect of those symptoms on parenting efficacy are greater on middle class families than low-income families. In order to maximize effective parenting in high-risk situations, the psychological welfare of mothers needs to be protected from the environmental difficulties they face. Based on the results, policies to support women and parents at the national and social levels are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 1995

Traumatic brain injury(TBI) used to be developed after a severe traumatic event. Therefore TBI usually induces acute or chronic stress reaction. I reviewed the concept, epidemiology, biological or psychosocial etiology, diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and discussed about PTSD or stress reaction after TBI. Early evaluation and management of stress reaction after TBI are important.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.295-304
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this case report was to propose Yangshimtang-Gamibang on three patients diagnosed with acute stress disorder. Methods: Yangshimtang-Gamibang was treated on three patients diagnosed with acute stress disorder after experiencing a traffic accident. The effects of Yangshimtang-Gamibang were evaluated through BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory), NRS (Numerical rating scale), NDI (Neck Disability Index), ODI (Oswestry Disability Index), respectively, and quality of sleep was assessed with total sleep time and number of times waking up during sleep. Results: After the treatment, there was significant decrease in the value of BAI score, a measurement of anxiety, as well as the value of NRS, NDI, ODI, a measure of pain. Also, the sleep quality of three patients improved. Conclusions: The results indicate that Yangshimtang-Gamibang may have an effect on people with acute stress disorder who recently experienced a traffic accident.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.345-348
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• 2003

The effects of acute acid stress on hatching success and hatching period of laboratory-reared hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus were examined. The effects of acute acid toxicity on mortality was also determined in three life stages of this fish. There was a significant negative effect of acid stress on hatching performance in the R. marmoratus embryos. The hatching success was only 5% at pH 3.5 compared to over 78% at pH higher than 4.0. The hatching period was also delayed by low pH treatments. The larval and juvenile stages were more sensitive to acid toxicity on mortality than the adult stage, but larvae and juveniles showed similar sensitivity. The 96-h LC50 value was pH 3.8 in larval and juvenile stages and pH 3.3 in adult stage.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.115-126
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• 2007

Purpose: The present study is a quasi-experimental research for examining the effects of imagery on stress, anxiety and immune cells in acute leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy and utilizing the therapy for their self control and stress management. Methods: The subjects were 60 patients who were diagnosed with acute leukemia and scheduled to receive chemotherapy at A hospital in Seoul during the period from November 2006 to March 2007. After the start of chemotherapy, the experimental group received imagery for 4 weeks, three sessions a week, so a total of 12 sessions and 156 minutes. Results: The decrease of stress was larger in the experimental group than in the control group. Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly more in the experimental group than in the control group. In the experimental group, state anxiety decreased significantly in the 2nd week of the experiment and after the final stage of the experiment. The total number of white blood cells, and the absolute number of neutrophils and lymphocytes were showing significant differences between the time points. Conclusion: Imagery is an effective intervention for reducing stress and state anxiety and stabilizing blood pressure in acute leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.66-72
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• 2014

Although stress has been implicated to be a risk factor that can threaten physical and mental health, there have been no sufficient studies that analyze the different levels of stress among employees working in the different levels of the hospitals. We aim to identify the general characteristics of hospitals at different levels, to compare the stress levels among customer service representatives working in the tertiary care hospitals as well as acute general hospitals. In addition, we also wanted to analyze the relationship between the types of hospitals and the stress level. The work stress was measured using the Korean Occupational Stress scale. Study subjects' demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors were analyzed using analysis of frequency and multiple regression analysis. Our study revealed that the levels of medical facility were significantly associated with the levels of job stress(P=0.043), and the stress levels of employees working in the acute general hospital's medical facilities were higher than those who were working in tertiary care facilities. We also found that those with higher depression level tended to have higher job stress (P<0.001). Therefore, it is urgent to implement some kind of job stress interventions, especially in the acute general hospital's medical facilities. Moreover, further studies including social and policy research are necessary in order to analyze the overall impact of stress on physical and mental health and to reduce health inequalities among healthcare workers.