• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.255-267
• /
• 1996

The so-called Cultural and Historical Geography, sometimes called even as the Historical and Cultural Geography, has been defined as an interdiscipline that encompasses several disciplines in Korea. Scholars with various academic background have participated in the academic activity of the Association of Korean Cultural and Historical Geographers that was organized in the late 1980s. The academic majors of these participants are cultural geography, historical geography, history of geography, urban geography rural geography, economic geography, social and economic history anthropology, landscape architecture, and so on. It was in the 1960s that articles about the Cultural and Historical Geography appeared for the first time in the major academic journals in Korea. The pioneers of publishing these articles in the 1960s continued to conduct their research, while training students majoring in the Cultural and Historical Geography in the 1970s. All of these pioneers and their students were very active in the formation of identity vrith the Cultural and Historical Geography In the 1980s. Cultural and Historical Geography in Korea took a great leap forward both in quantity and in quality. The number of articles in the journal increased substantially, and the range of research theme and methodology extended in a great deal. It was also in the late 1980s that the Association of Korean Cultural and Historical Geographers was organized in Seoul, Korea, and this association began to publish a professional journal named Cultural and Historical Geography once a year. In the 1990s, single-authored books dealing with Korean Cultural and Historcial Geography began to appear in public as textbooks or research monographs. These books are expected to speed up the spread of Cultural and Historical Geography in Korea. If it continues to grow further both in quantity and in quality as it has been, Cultural and Historical Geography in Korea will be able to stand as an independent academic field in the future. Until then, however, it cannot but avoid its mission to contribute to an integrated development of human geography in Korea. It has already gained not only its own merit in the humanistic perspective but also its own strength in its synthetic understanding.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.425-434
• /
• 2013

The Small and Medium Business Administration specified 123 construction materials mandatory to purchase directly and forced the public owners to provide the contractors with materials as required by related law. This study extensively reviewed various characteristics and management factors of the owner-providing materials consumed in the public apartment housing under Direct Buying System(DBS) from the public owner's perspective. Subsequently, the major managed materials were identified, and the proper response plan was developed along the material procurement process. The Procurement Management Load Indices (PMLI) of 43 materials were evaluated according to rating criteria with procurement path, project-specified level, user requirement level, supplier's responsibility, on-site work requirement, additional parts, and inspection standards. The tile and aluminum windows were classified in the group needing high-level procurement efforts to reduce the errors and ensure the efficiency. The accurate quantity estimation method, definite purchase details, management activity definition before and after production, additional quantity for rework, interference coordination were defined as the essential activities for effectively responding to DBS.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.219-230
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to improve the quality of white pan bread by adding polymannuronic acid, an excellent rheological properties material which has the high blood control function in seaweeds, to flour. To investigate the rheological properties appropriate to the making of white pan bread, amylograph, farinograph, extensography were done adding polymannuronic acid(0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) to flour. The gelatinization condition between flour and compositic flour, amylogram was done. The result was that the gelatinization temperature in flour(100%) was $61.0^{\circ}C$, as polymannuronic acid rate was increased by 1%, 3%, 5%, thetemperature was all the same, $63.5^{\circ}C$. The maximum viscocity temperature of flour(100%) was $92.0^{\circ}C$. that of flour added polymannuronic acid (1%) $92.5^{\circ}C$, those of flour added polymannuronic acid (3%, 5%) unchangeable. $\alpha$ -amylase activity degree, maximum viscocity was that flour(100% was 525 BU, flour added polymannuronic acid (1%) 498 B.U, flour added polymannuronic acid (3%) 385B.U, flour added polymannuronic acid (5%) 360 B.U, highly decreased. Farinograph was done, as the additional quantity of polymannuronic acid increase(1%, 3%, 5%), water absorption rate increase much more thin the control. As the additional quantity of polymannuronic acid is added from 1% to 3%, development time of dough was increase, but one added 5% was decreased. In case of extensograph was done, resistance of dough increased but extensibility is decreased, so R/E value increased.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2023

In the case of the construction industry, the relationship between process and cost should be appropriately distributed so that the finished product can be delivered at the minimum fee within the construction period. At that time, it should be considered the size of the bridge, the construction method, the environment and production capacity of the factory, and the transport distance. However, due to various reasons that occur during the construction period, problems such as construction delay, construction cost increase, and quality and reliability degradation occur. Therefore, a systematic and scientific construction technique and process management technology are needed to break away from the conventional method. The prefab(Pre-Fabrication) is a representative OSC (Off-Site Construction) method manufactured in a factory and constructed onsite. This study develops a resource and process plan optimization system for the process management of the Nodular girder, a prefab bridge girder. A simulation algorithm develops to automatically test various variables in the personnel equipment mobilization plan to derive the optimal value. And, the algorithm was applied to the Paju-Pocheon Expressway Construction (Section 3) Dohwa 4 Bridge under construction, and the results compare. Based on construction work standard product calculation, actual input manpower, equipment type, and quantity were applied to the Activity Card, and the amount of work by quantity counting, resource planning, and resource requirements was reflected. In the future, we plan to improve the accuracy of the program by applying forecasting techniques including various field data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.244-249
• /
• 2003

To investigate the hepatic oxygen free radical metabolizing system and changes of serum cholesterol levels in rats fed a diet supplemented with Monascus pigment (MP), Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 300 g have been fed a diet supplemented with 2% or 4% MP for a month. The rats fed 2% MP supplemented diet gained less body weight than the control rats and those fed 4% W supplemented diet. Those fed 2% or 4% MP supplemented diet had no remarkable changes in liver function on basis of liver weight/body weight, serum levels of xanthine oxidase, alanine amino transferase activity In rats fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet, hepatic cytochrome P45O dependent aniline hydroxylase activity significantly (p<0.05) declined about 32%, 37% respectively and showed no significant differences between rats fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet whereas those fed 2% MP supplemented diet showed about 29% increased hepatic xanthine oxidase activity. And hepatic glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activites in rats fed 2% MP supplemented were more increased by about 17%, 28% respectively than the control rats. There were no significant differences both in between those fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet. Especially rats fed 2% or 4% MP supplemented diet showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in hepatic catalase activity by 41%, 25% compared with control rats and those fed 4% MP supplemented diet showed more decrease in tendency of catalase activity than those 2% MP supplemented diet. But hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content were appeared to be similar value among three groups. On the other hand, rats fed 2% MP supplement diet showed 17% increased levels of serum HDL-choresterol and 26% decreased value of LDL-cholesterol and serum level of triglyceride. But no different value were appeared between those fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet. Especially in those fed 2% and 4% MP supplemented diet, artherogenic index were significantly (p<0.05) declined by 37%, 29% respectively compared with control. In conclusion, it is likely that rats fed a diet supplemented with a proper quantity of MP may have the potential of oxygen free radical detoxication and lowering of artherogenic index.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.169-182
• /
• 2014

This study investigates the physicochemical quality characteristics of tomato sauce added with different kinds of pimpinella brachycarpa. The results are as follows. The pH of tomato sauce added with freeze-dried pimpinella brachycarpa, in contrast to the tomato sauce with raw pimpinella brachycarpa, decreased as the addition quantity of the sample increased. As for sugar content, PBP0 with Pimpinella brachycarpa contained was shown to be the highest with 10.83. For chromaticity, all values (e.g, L, A and B) of tomato sauce added with pimpinella brachycarpa and with freeze-dried pimpinella brachycarpa decreased showing significant differences among the samples as the addition quantity of the samples increased. With increased addition quantity of the sample with freeze-dried Pimpinella brachycarpa, its water content decreased. PBP4, addition group with 4% of freeze-dried Pimpinella brachycarpa, was shown to be the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity as 29.58. When adding Pimpinella brachycarpa to tomato sauce, a total number of micro-organisms decreased. In case of adding raw Pimpinella brachycarpa rather than freeze-dried Pimpinella brachycarpa, it created a further effect on an inhibitive action of growing and developing micro-organisms. In the preference of tomato sauce with Pimpinella brachycarpa, PBF2 with 2% of Pimpinella brachycarpa had the highest score as 5.1 for the color. For taste, 3.7, the lowest taste score, was shown in PBF1with 1% of Pimpinella brachycarpa. The overall preference revealed that PBF2 was the highest scoring 5.8.. PBF3 was scored highest with 5.9 for overall preference. From the comprehensive findings, 2~3% of the addition ratio between raw Pimpinella brachycarpa and freeze-dried Pimpinella brachycarpa in the production of tomato sauce is considered the most preferable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 1975

1. A nursery school principal must think over physical stamina and health of his children, and he must make an epoch making changes to nutrition control. I think that authorities concerned must give weight to quality before quantity to manage the nursery school. If the nursery school principal who has aid received from abroad and his native country must manage the nursery school rationally. It is expected that, though the nutrition level is below the level of sports middle school children, it is above the common level of home children. 2. I fear that the calories which the pupils of sports middle school assimilate a day on the average is apt to be more calories as compared with other pupils of their age(weight). This is also true for their level of activity. It is required that the nutritionist must recheck the quantity of the calorie provision. 3. I took no thought about infection with parasites in this thesis. It is because that the pupils of sports middle school have much Hb (hemoglobin), because they have had meals with a settled menu for a year or two. So, that it is expected that it is caused only by the nutritious foods regardless of parasites and that they have little Hb(hemoglobin). Besides though they are little pupils, because they have much Hb. Of taking the level with upper life classes of the the Ewha Girls University students, it will be more reliable. Therefore as we maintain the states of health of the common home children and nursery school children normally, to increase the national power, the managers of nursery schools or the heads of families must pay attention to the control of nutrition, and authorities concerned must pay attention to the control of nutrition, and authorities concerned must take the trouble much more to the management of nursery school.1. We have been undertaking the occupations of the family plannings for more ten years. But we have still failed to realize the anticipated result in the farm villages. Though it is not in this district, I think that we must make efforts in these occupations urgently, and control increases in population, decrease the consumptions of food and salt, and contribute to the increasing of the general income. 2. There is a tendency to take a little more salted foods in the cities than in the farm villages. But we are apt to take more salt in quantity(20g) to be taken in a day both in the cities and in the farm villages than it is necessary to us. So it is required that we must grope for a means of increasing of the general income as early as possible, and that we must improve our diet to be got rid of dietary life in importance. And so we have to study throughly the side effect caused due to too much salt to be taken in, if it is discovered, we must spour on a means of sweep of it.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.788-799
• /
• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effect of mordants on the dyeability colorfastness to light and to laundering and biological properties of mordanted and natural-dyed cotton and silk substrates. Natural red dyes were extracted from Caesalpinia Sappan L. (Sappan wood) and Rubia Akane Nakai (Madder) by boil water Five different compounds of Al, Cr, Cu, Fe and Sn were used as mordanting agents. The result of this study are sumarized as follows ; 1. In the of the fabrics mordanted and dyed with sappan wood K/S value increases and λmax shifts to the longer wavelength as mordant concentration increases. Color of the fabrics dyed with sappan wood and madder change to redder bluer and lighter after mordanting. 2. As the number of repetition of dyeing-mordnating process increase the color of the dyed fabrics tend to be redder bluer and darker. Mordanted dyes with Al and Sn make chroma increase. The quantity of mordant absorbed in the silk fabric increase as mordant concentration increase. More Fe is absorbed in silk than Cr is. 3. After being exposed to light the fabrics dyed with sappan wood and madder change to less red Fe and Cu mordanting yeild better colorfastness to light than others does. Natural-dyed fabrics exposed to light tend to be faded and whitened in CIELAB chromaticity co-ordinates. So we might trace back the original color of ancient faded fabrics by changes in color of natural dyes. 4. After washing the colors of natural dyes change to more blue, Fe and Cu mordanting give better colorfastness to wash than others do. 5. The soil-burial cotton is more susceptible to mildew and rot than the silk is. Antimicrobial activity of the natural-dyed cotton can be enhanced by Cu and silk can be enhanced by Cu and Cr mordanting respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.347-354
• /
• 2008

Many advanced technologies of computer and internet make the information communication technology education to be changed in elementary schools. The transition from the education of computer utilization to the education of computer science knowledge in ICT education area helps the child to enhance his or her logical thinking and the abilities of problem solving. In this study, we did some analysis of textbooks which have the updated information communication technology education, supporting these features. We collected six textbooks developed according to the guideline of information communication technology education since 2007. The main contents of this study are systematic analysis, quantity analysis and Romey's analysis about six textbooks. Specially, we found that 'Understanding of Information Society', 'Understanding of Information Processing' and 'Various Activity' among the ICT five area in textbooks support student's inquiry activities in elementary schools.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.620-636
• /
• 2015

Survivability is a necessary property of network system in disturbed environment. Recovery ability is a key actor of survivability. This paper concludes network survivability into a novel composite metric, i.e. Network Recovery Degree (NRD). In order to measure this metric in quantity, a concept of Source-Destination Pair (SD Pair), is created to abstract end-to-end activity based on end nodes in network, and the quality of SD Pair is also used to describe network performance, such as connectivity, quality of service, link degree, and so on. After that, a Survivability Test method in large scale Network based on SD pairs, called STNSD, is provided. How to select SD Pairs effectively in large scale network is also provided. We set up simulation environment to validate the test method in a severe destroy scenario and evaluate the method scalability in different large scale network scenarios. Experiment and analysis shows that the metric NRD correctly reflects the effort of different survivability strategy, and the proposed test method STNSD has good scalability and can be used to test and evaluate quantitative survivability in large scale network.