• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.411-418
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• 2001

The last 30 years have been significant worldwide growth in the use of EPS as a lightweight fill material. This paper analyzes the compressible inclusion function of EPS which can results in reduction of static earth pressure by accomodating the movement of retained soil. A series of model tests was conducted to evaluate the reduction of static earth pressure using EPS inclusion and determine the optimum stiffness of EPS, Also, field test was conducted to evaluate the reduction of static earth pressure using EPS inclusion. Based on field test it is found that the magnitude of static earth pressure was reduced about 20% compared with theoretical active earth pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2010

An experimental study was conducted for three different fuels($CH_4$, $C_2H_4$ and $C_3H_8$) to investigate the combustion characteristics and the local reaction intensity with combustor pressure(-30kpa~30kpa). Regardless of fuel composition, EINOx decreased with reducing pressure decreased. Structure and combustion characteristics were also largely affected by the combustor pressure. In addition, reaction intensity in terms of the changing combustor pressure and equivalence ratio was investigated. Combustion reaction in higher than atmospheric pressure was very active than the lower combustor pressure. When the combustor pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure, the overall reactivity is noticeably enhanced due to the elevated diffusion process of unburned mixture. It was found that the combustion characteristics of the methane and propane flames are considerably influenced by the pressure while those of ethylene flame are less sensitive to the combustor pressure.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.457-459
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• 2015

Observations show that the accretion flows in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs) probably have a two-component structure with an inner hot, optically thin, advection dominated accretion flow (ADAF) and an outer truncated cool, optically thick accretion disk. As shown by Taam et al. (2012), within the framework of the disk evaporation model, the truncation radius as a function of mass accretion rate is strongly affected by including the magnetic field. We define the parameter ${\beta}$ as $p_m=B^2/8{\pi}=(1-{\beta})p_{tot}$, (where $p_{tot}=p_{gas}+p_m$, $p_{gas}$ is gas pressure and $p_m$ is magnetic pressure) to describe the strength of the magnetic field in accretion flows. It is found that an increase of the magnetic field (decreasing the value of ${\beta}$) results in a smaller truncation radius for the accretion disk. We calculate the emergent spectrum of an inner ADAF + an outer truncated accretion disk around a supermassive black hole by considering the effects of the magnetic field on the truncation radius of the accretion disk. By comparing with observations, we found that a weaker magnetic field (corresponding to a bigger value of ${\beta}$) is required to match the observed correlation between $L_{2-10keV}/L_{Edd}$ and the bolometric correction $k_{2-10keV}$, which is consistent with the physics of the accretion flow with a low mass accretion rate around a black hole.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 1993

The study of Cochlear biomechanics is to clearly define three biomechanical principles of the Cochlea : Activity, Nonlinearity and Feedback. In this article, the Cochlea is linearly and actively modelled in one dimensional time domain. The sharp tunning of the Basilar Membrane displacement is shown when the amplifying activity of hair cells is added to the model. The amplified energy of the travelling displacement wave is emitted throughout the Cochlear fluid, so that the model becomes unstable. A new technique is introduced to reduce strong echos fro the Helicotrema. It makes the model less unstable. Both pure and click tones are used as input stimuli onto the ear durm. When the model is normal, the click response of the model shows that the backward emission of the amplified fluid pressure has mainly the echos from the Helicotrema. However, when the linear and active model is assumed to be abnormal, that is, some of hair cells are damaged not to produce the active process, the effect of the hair cell damage is resulted in the Oto-acoustic emission. The frequency response of the abnormally emitted sound pressure shows that the Oto-acoustic emission has the information about the characteristic frequency of the damaged hair cell. The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate the active biomechanics of the Chchlea in the time domain.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.817-818
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 치과에서 마취 시 환자들의 고통을 최소화 하기위하여 무통마취를 위한 치과용 약물주입기를 구현하였다. 약물의 주입 시 통증을 최소화하기 위해서 온도를 $36{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ 범위로 제어하여 체온과 유사한 온도로 유지하였다. 이를 위하여 필름히터 방식을 이용한 치과범용국소약물(36mg, 2% 리도카인) 앰플 가열부를 설계하였다. 또한 약물이 주입되는 양을 능동적으로 제어하기 위하여 약물주입 환부의 환자별 흡수 속도 차이에 차등 주입을 위한 압력 측정 시스템을 구현하였다. 필름 형태의 압력 센서를 통하여 전달 압력을 측정하였으며 측정된 압력을 바탕으로 능동적으로 모터의 동작을 제어함으로써 약물주입시 환자의 고통을 최소화 할 수 있도록 구현하고자 하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.1225-1256
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• 2014

Calculating the seismic displacement of retaining walls has an important role in the optimum design of these structures. Also, studying the effect of surcharge is important for the calculation of active pressure as well as permanent displacements of the wall. In this regard, some researchers have investigated active pressure; but, unfortunately, there are few investigations on the seismic displacement of retaining walls with surcharge. In this research, using limit analysis and upper bound theorem, permanent seismic displacement of retaining walls with surcharge was analyzed for sliding and overturning failure mechanisms. Thus, a new formulation was presented for calculating yield acceleration, critical angle of failure wedge, and permanent displacement of retaining walls with surcharge. Also, effects of surcharge, its location and other factors such as height of the wall and internal friction angle of soil on the amount of seismic displacements were investigated. Finally, designing charts were presented for calculating yield acceleration coefficient and angle of failure wedge.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.1445-1449
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• 1996

To evaluate of active suspension, it is necessary for special equipment - so called Test Rig which can perfectly realize the road condition and the impact from the road. And most of the test rig systems controlling force accurately and rapidly consist of electro-hydraulic servo mechanism, and they need robust controller which can endure outer road change. But in the case of PID controller, we should choose its best gains by trial and error method, and once its gains are fixed, they cannot get changed, so we should reset PID controller gains respectively when the road is changed. Therefore based on the load pressure feedback compensation method, our aim at constructing electro-hydraulic test rig is not affected by various road disturbance.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.435-440
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• 1998

The main objective of this study is to estimate location and strength of sound sources distributed on the surface of an enclosure. Acoustic holography method has been used to identify the sources in an interior sound field. However, it can not completely distinguish between the direct sound field from sources and the reflections from surfaces. The method just reconstructs the entire sound field based on the sound pressure at the finite number of measurement points. In this stduy, a method which estimates only the active sources by using measurements of field pressure and surface admittance is proposed. An in-situ technique to estimate the general boundary condition is also proposed by using acoustic holography, assuming the surfaces are locally reacting.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.26-29
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• 2006

Transparent ZnO thin films were prepared by KrF pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique and applied to a bottom-gate type thin film transistor device as an active channel layer. A high conductive crystalline Si substrate was used as an metal-like bottom gate and SiN insulating layer was then deposited by LPCVD(low pressure chemical vapour deposition). An aluminum layer was then vacuum evaporated and patterned to form a source/drain metal contact. Oxygen partial pressure and substrate temperature were varied during the ZnO PLD deposition process and their influence on the thin film properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Hall-van der Pauw method. Optical transparency of the ZnO thin film was analyzed by UV-visible phometer. The resulting ZnO-TFT devices showed an on-off ration of $10^6$ and field effect mobility of 2.4-6.1 $cm^2/V{\cdot}s$.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.146-151
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• 2021

In this study, the hydrogen/deuterium (HDX) exchange mechanism of active hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) dissolved in toluene and deuterated methanol by atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is investigated. The comparison of the data obtained using APPI suggests that aniline and benzene-1,2-dithiol contain two exchanging hydrogens. The APPI HDX that best explains the experimental findings was investigated with the use of quantum mechanical calculations. The HDX mechanism is composed of a two-step reaction: in the first step, analyte radical ion gets deuterated, and in the second step, the hydrogen transfer occurs from deuterated analyte to de-deuterated methanol to complete the exchange reaction. The suggested mechanism provides fundamentals for the HDX technique that is important for structural identification with mass spectrometry. This paper is dedicated to Professor Seung Koo Shin for his outstanding contributions in chemistry and mass spectrometry.