• 농약과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1999

Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid)의 부작용을 최소화하고, 약효지속효과를 증진시키기 위하여 전분을 중합매체로 하여 유효성분의 용출속도를 조절할 수 있는 방출조절형 dicamba 입제를 제조하였으며, 이들 입제에 대한 이화학적 특성 및 생물활성을 연구하였다. Dicamba 입제는 호화전분 또는 옥수수 전분의 특성을 이용한 입상화법으로 2종, 호화전분과 kaolin을 중합매체로 하여 전분비율에 따라 압출조립법으로 4종을 제조하였다. 제조방법별 dicamba 입제의 제제율은 $90.0{\sim}96.3%$이었으며, 제조방법별 유효성분의 incorporation 비율은 입상화법이 $89.5{\sim}94.5%$, 압출조립법이 $46.7{\sim}82.0%$를 나타내었다. Dicamba 입제의 팽윤성은 옥수수 전분을 사용하여 제조한 DG-2가 가장 높았다. 한편 부유성은 DG-2가 가장 낮았으며, 호화전분인 Miragel 463으로 제제한 DG-1이 가장 높았다. Dicamba 입제중 유효성분의 경시적 안정성은 $50^{\circ}C$에서 처리 90일 후에 DG-1과 2가 5%이하가 분해된 반면에 호화전분인 Mirasperse로 제제한 DE-1은 5% 이상이 분해되었다. Dicamba 입제중 유효성분의 수중용출성은 약 2주일만에 100% 용출되었다. 온실조건에서 dicamba 입제의 제초효과는 처리 30일 후까지도 90% 이상의 높은 방제지속효과가 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1073-1078
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• 2013

항산화, 항염증 효과는 화장품 소재에서 중요한 요소이다. 항산화, 항염증은 피부노화 예방과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 백급은 이전부터 약리활성이 뛰어난 것으로 알려져 왔다. 실험재료는 백급의 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올, 물분획물을 사용하였다. 항산화 효과는 DPPH, ABTS+ radical scavenging 실험으로 확인하였다. 다양한 분획물중, 백급의 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 LPS에 유도된 nitric oxide의 생성을 농도 의존적으로 감소시키는 것을 증명하였다. 게다가, nitric oxide 생성의 상위 기작인 iNOS, COX-2 단백질 발현도 저해하였다. 우리는 백급 분획물의 항산화, 항염증 효과가 항 노화 및 피부염증 개선 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 기대한다.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2014

In this study, four compounds isolated from the red alga Laurencia snackeyi were evaluated for their potential anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These compounds were tested for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Since $5{\beta}$-hydroxypalisadin B showed the best activity it was further tested for the production of prostaglandin-$E_2$ ($PGE_2$), expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). $5{\beta}$-Hydroxypalisadin B significantly reduced the $PGE_2$ release and suppressed the iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. It also significantly reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6. These findings provide the first evidence of anti-inflammatory potential of $5{\beta}$-hydroxypalisadin B isolated from the red alga L. snackeyi and hence, it could be exploited as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and functional food applications.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2020

Objectives: Tanshinone I is a bioactive constituent in Salvia miltiorrhiza. At present, the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of tanshinone I are not fully understood. Here we investigated the effect of tanshinone I on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and zebrafish. Methods: Lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content in 3T3-L1 cells were determined by Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay, respectively. The expression and phosphorylation levels of adipogenic/lipogenic proteins in 3T3-L1 cells were evaluated by Western blotting. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of adipogenic/lipogenic markers and leptin in 3T3-L1 cells were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Lipid accumulation in zebrafish was assessed by LipidGreen2 staining. Results: Tanshinone I at 5 μM largely blocked lipid accumulation and reduced TG content in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, tanshinone I decreased the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), and perilipin A but also the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, tanshinone I increased the phosphorylation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) while decreased the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content with no change in the phosphorylation and expression of liver kinase-B1 in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Importantly, tanshinone I also reduced the extent of lipid deposit formation in developing zebrafish. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that tanshinone I has strong anti-adipogenic effects on 3T3-L1 cells and reduces adiposity in zebrafish, and these anti-adipogenic effect in 3T3-L1 cells are mediated through control of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, STAT-3, FAS, ACC, perilipin A, and AMPK.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 주름개선 화장품 원료를 개발하기 위하여 돌외 잎 70% 에탄올 추출물을 제조하여 섬유아세포 HDFn에 대하여 콜라겐 합성능을 측정하였다. 그 결과 돌외 추출물이 세포 독성 없이 농도 의존적으로 콜라겐 합성을 촉진함을 확인하였다. 돌외 추출물로부터 용매 분획 및 크로마토그래피 분리과정을 거쳐 2개의 활성 성분을 분리하였다. NMR 데이터 및 문헌치로 확인한 결과 이들은 플라보노이드 배당체인 Ombuine 3-O-rutinoside(1) 및 Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside(2)로 규명되었다. 섬유아세포의 type I procollagen 생합성에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 상기 화합물은 농도 의존적으로 콜라겐 합성을 촉진함을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험 결과는 화합물 1과 2를 함유한 돌외 추출물의 주름개선 화장품 소재로서의 개발 가능성을 보여주고 있다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.491-500
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• 2022

HK표고버섯균사체(HK shiitake mushroom mycelium, HKSMM)는 간 건강 개별 인정 건강기능식품이다. LPS로 활성화된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 HKSMM50 (HKSMM의 50% ethanol 수용액 추출물)의 항염증효과를 연구하였다. AHCC는 positive control로 사용하였다. LPS로 활성화된 RAW 264.7 세포에 HKSMM50 및 AHCC를 처리(0, 20, 100, 500 ㎍/ml)하고 24시간 배양하여 배양물의 염증 관련 인자는 ELISA kits로, 세포에 함유된 iNOS와 COX-2 protein 발현은 Western blotting으로 측정하였다. HKSMM50는 LPS 처리에 비해 농도 의존적으로 NF-κB 함량을 낮추었고, iNOS와 COX-2 protein 발현을 억제하여 NO와 PGE₂ 함량을 낮추었다. 더불어 HKSMM50는 LPS 처리에 비해 IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4 및 IL-6의 함량을 낮추었으나 SOD와 CAT의 활성은 증가시켰다. AHCC도 HKSSM50 처리와 비슷한 효과를 나타내었다. 이 결과는 HKSMM50이 LPS로 활성화된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 NF-κB 신호전달을 억제하여 항염증효과를 나타내었으며, HKSMM은 면역기능증진에 도움을 줄 수 있는 건강기능식품원료로 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2016

Liriopogons (Liriope and Opiopogon) species are used as a main medicinal ingredient in several Asian countries. The Liriopes Radix (tuber, root of Liriope platyphylla) has to be a promising candidate due to their source of phytochemicals. Steroidal saponins and their glycosides, phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites are considered of active constituents in Liriopes Radix. Spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, could be more efficacious drug candidate in future. In this review, we summarized the available knowledge on phytochemical and pharmacological activities for spicatoside A. It significantly suppressed the level of NF-${\kappa}B$, NO, iNOS, Cox-2, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and MAPKs in LPS-stimulated inflammation. The production of MUC5AC mucin was increased. MMP-13 expression was down-regulated in IL-$1{\beta}$-treated cells and reduced glycosaminoglycan release from IL-$1{\alpha}$-treated cells. The neurite outgrowth activity, PI3K, Akt, ERK1/2, TrkA and CREB phosphorylation and neurotropic factors such as NGF and BDNF were upregulated with increased latency time. It also showed cell growth inhibitory activity on various carcinoma cells. From this, spicatoside A exerts anti-inflammation, anti-asthma, anti-osteoclastogenesis, neurite outgrowth, memory consolidation and anticancer activities. Further studies are needed on spicatoside A in order to understand mechanisms of action to treat various human diseases.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2023

This study evaluated the effects of gibberellic acid (GA₃) on the growth and quality of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). Experimental treatments included a No application of fertilizer and GA₃ (NFG) Control [3 N active ingredient (a.i.) g/m²], 0.3GA₃ (GA₃ 0.3 a.i. mg/m²/200 mL), 0.6GA₃ (GA₃ 0.6 a.i. mg/m²/200 mL), 1.2GA₃ (GA₃ 1.2 a.i. mg/m²/200 mL), and 2.4GA₃ (GA₃ 2.4 a.i. mg/m²/200 mL). Additionally, the study included a 1.5N+GA₃ experiment with similar GA₃ treatments combined with 1.5N a.i. g/m² : NFG, Control (3N a.i. g/m²), 1.5N+ 0.3GA₃ (1.5N a.i. g/m²+GA₃ 0.3 a.i. mg/m²/200 mL), 1.5N+0.6GA₃ (1.5N a.i. g/m²+GA₃ 0.6 a.i. mg/m²/200 mL), 1.5N+1.2GA₃ (1.5N a.i. g/m²+GA₃ 1.2 a.i. mg/m²/ 200 mL), and 1.5N+2.4GA₃ (1.5N a.i. g/m²+GA₃ 2.4 a.i. mg/m²/200 mL). Compared to the NFG, turf color index chlorophyll content was not significantly different (p< 0.05). However, shoot length in 1.2GA₃, 2.4GA₃, 1.5N+0.3GA₃, 1.5N+0.6GA₃, 1.5N+1.2GA₃, and 1.5N+2.4GA₃ treatments increased by 0.8%, 10.6%, 5.15%, 8.3%, 13.5 %, and 21.6%, respectively, compared to the control. As compared to the control, clipping yield in 1.5N+1.2GA₃ and 1.5N+2.4GA₃ treatments increased by 7.1% and 14.3 %, respectively. These results indicated that GA₃ application increased shoot length, with the 1.2GA₃ treatment showing shoot length similar to the control (3N a.i. g /m² ).

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2018

Capsicum frutescen is known in Sudan, is one of the most commonly used pepper species in cooking and in Sudanese folk medicine. The present study was conducted to investigate antimicrobial (bacteria and fungi) and cytotoxicity (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) of methanolic extract of Capsicum frutescen (fruits). The extract have been tested in the present study to investigate the in vitro potential effects against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and fungi. The selected organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans using the cup plate agar diffusion method. The methanol extract of Capsicum frutescen (fruits) exhibited inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli with zone of inhibition (23 mm) and Klebsiella pneumonia with zone of inhibition (17 mm). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Tannins, Saponin, Alkaloids, Anthroquinoles and Terpenoids. The Cytotoxicity of methanolic extract of Capsicum frutescens was $LD_{50}$ $64.68{\mu}g/ml$. The activity and presence of compounds known to be biologically active are a validation for the use of Capsicum as a food ingredient and as a therapeutic element of traditional medicine.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.590-600
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• 2003

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes responsible for degrading connective tissue. MMPs catalyze the breakdown of collagen from the extracellular matrix, leading to wrinkle formation and accelerated skin aging. Furthermore, ultraviolet irradiation causes increased expression of certain MMPs. In the extracellular matrix turnover, MMPs are interacting with endogenous regulators named tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Using peptide substrate assays, it has been demonstrated that TIMP-MMP complexes interact highly specifically with $K_{i}$ values of 10$^{-9}$ -10$^{-16}$ M. Therefore applications for TIMP as inhibitor of collagen degradation are suggested for cosmetic anti-aging products to prevent wrinkle formation and loss of elasticity. To date four TIMP proteins (TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3 and TIMP-4) have been identified which show a high degree in sequence similarity. The production of human TIMP-2, a 194-residue nonglycosylated protein, was performed by fed-batch culture of Escherichia coli. TIMP-2 accumulated in the bacterial cells in an insoluble form as inclusion bodies. The inclusion bodies were solubilized and the protein refolded to yield the native TIMP-2 in the active form. The integrity of the protein was confirmed by mass analysis, Edman sequencing and gel shift experiments with authentic samples. The inhibitory activity of the refolded and purified TIMP-2 was demonstrated with MMP-1 and MMP-2 assays using synthetic fluorogenic peptide substrates.s.