• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.606-611
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• 2023

The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 cleaves 11 sites of viral polypeptide chains and generates essential non-structural proteins for viral replication. Mpro is an important drug target against COVID-19. In this study, we developed a real-time fluorometric turn-on assay system to evaluate Mpro proteolytic activity for a substrate peptide between NSP4 and NSP5. It produced reproducible and reliable results suitable for HTS inhibitor assays. Thus far, most inhibitors against Mpro target the active site for substrate binding. Mpro exists as a dimer, which is essential for its activity. We investigated the potential of the Mpro dimer interface to act as a drug target. The dimer interface is formed of domain II and domain III of each protomer, in which N-terminal ten amino acids of the domain I are bound in the middle as a sandwich. The N-terminal part provides approximately 39% of the dimer interface between two protomers. In the real-time fluorometric turn-on assay system, peptides of the N-terminal ten amino acids, N10, can inhibit the Mpro activity. The dimer interface could be a prospective drug target against Mpro. The N-terminal sequence can help develop a potential inhibitor.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.167-187
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• 2007

As Korea has reached a free trade agreement with the United States of America, it is required to provide an appropriate procedure to ".kr" domain name disputes based on the principles established in the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy(UDRP). Currently, Internet address Dispute Resolution Committee(IDRC) established under Article 16 of the Act on Internet Address Resources provides the dispute resolution proceedings to resolve ".kr" domain name disputes. While the IDRC's proceeding is similar to the UDRP administrative proceeding in procedural aspects, the Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy that is established by the IDRC and that applies to disputes involving ".kr" domain names is very different from the UDRP for generic Top Level Domain (gTLD) in substantial aspects. Under the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement(KORUS FTA), it is expected that either the Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy to be amended to adopt the UDRP or the IDRC to examine the Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy in order to harmonize it with the principles established in the UDRP. It is a common practice of cybersquatters to warehouse a number of domain names without any active use of these domain names after their registration. The Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy provides that the complainant may request to transfer or delete the registration of the disputed domain name if the registrant registered, holds or uses the disputed domain name in bad faith. This provision lifts the complainant's burden of proof to show the respondent's bad faith because the complainant is only required to prove one of the three bad faiths which are registration in bad faith, holding in bad faith, or use in bad faith. The aforementioned resolution procedure is different from the UDRP regime which requires the complainant, in compliance with paragraph 4(b) of the UDRP, to prove that the disputed domain name has been registered in bad faith and is being used in bad faith. Therefore, the complainant carries heavy burden of proof under the UDRP. The IDRC should deny the complaint if the respondent has legitimate rights or interests in the domain names. Under the UDRP, the complainant must show that the respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. The UDRP sets out three illustrative circumstances, any one of which if proved by the respondent, shall be evidence of the respondent's rights to or legitimate interests in the domain name. As the Domain Name Dispute Mediation Policy provides only a general provision regarding the respondent's legitimate rights or interests, the respondent can be placed in a very week foundation to be protected under the Policy. It is therefore recommended for the IDRC to adopt the three UDRP circumstances to guide how the respondent can demonstrate his/her legitimate rights or interests in the disputed domain name. In accordance with the KORUS FTA, the Korean Government is required to provide online publication to a reliable and accurate database of contact information concerning domain name registrants. Cybersquatters often provide inaccurate contact information or willfully conceal their identity to avoid objection by trademark owners. It may cause unnecessary and unwarranted delay of the administrative proceedings. The respondent may loss the opportunity to assert his/her rights or legitimate interests in the domain name due to inability to submit the response effectively and timely. The respondent could breach a registration agreement with a registrar which requires the registrant to submit and update accurate contact information. The respondent who is reluctant to disclose his/her contact information on the Internet citing for privacy rights and protection. This is however debatable as the respondent may use the proxy registration service provided by the registrar to protect the respondent's privacy.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2016

Morphology evolution of the active layer in bulk hetero-junction organic photovoltaic is modeled and visualized. The width of the phase domain can be predicted using the relationship of characteristics length and evolution time of the process. The 3D numerical simulation of the PCBM/P3HT blend morphology evolution with respect to time is presented. It is observed that the domain width of composition phase can be predicted by using the relationship between value of characteristic length R(t) and evolution time t.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.1790-1791
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• 2011

In this paper, the diagnosis system for detecting and localizing the neutral wire defect in an energized XLPE power cable is proposed. The neutral wire defect is detectd and localized by the time-frequency domain reflectometry. To extract the reflected signal from the neutral wire defect, the adaptive RLS filtering is introduced. To verify the proposed method, the experiments for detecting and localizing neutral wire defect in active XLPE power cable is conducted.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2254-2261
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• 2018

This paper analyzes stability of current control in respect of four cases of battery energy storage system (BESS) in a stand-alone microgrid. The stand-alone microgrid is composed of BESS, diesel generator and controllable loads, where all of them have a rated power of 50kW. The four cases are considered as following: 1) BESS with a stiff grid 2) BESS with the diesel generator 3) BESS with passive damping + diesel generator 4) BESS with active damping + diesel generator, and their stabilities are analyzed in the frequency domain and discrete time domain. The comparative analysis for four cases are verified through simulation and experiments through demonstration site of the stand-alone microgrid, where the DC link is connected to a 115kW battery bank composed of 48 lead-acid batteries (400AH/12V). Experimental results show a good agreement with the analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.123-123
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• 2013

OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography)는 의료용 생체조직의 단층 영상을 레이저 빛을 이용하여 구현하는 첨단 의료기술이다. Time-domain과 Fourier-domain을 기반으로 다양한 광간섭 신호의 획득이 연구되고 있으며, 영상획득 속도의 향상을 위한 경쟁이 세계적으로 치열한 상황이다. 최근 초고속 파장훑음 광원(Wavelength-swept source)의 개발을 통하여 초당 300 frame 이상의 단층 영상이 구현되고 있다. 본 발표에서는 초고속 파장훑음 레이저 광원(Wavelength swept laser)이 능동형 모드잠금(Active mode locking) 외부공진 반도체 공진 구조를 기반으로 새롭게 구현된 연구 성과를 포함한다. 분산에 의한 모드 잠금에 의하여 발진 파장이 결정되어 가변하므로 1 MHz 급 이상의 초고속 반복이 가능하며, 특히 의료용 산업용 분야의 다양한 광센서 및 광영상 응용에 활발히 응용되고 있다.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.726-729
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• 2004

Spatiotemporal phenomena are ubiquitous aspects of real world. In the spatial and temporal databases, integrity constraints maintain the semantics of specific application domain and relationship between domains when proceed update in the database. Efficient maintenance of data integrity has become a critical problem, since testing the validity of a large number of constraints in a large database and after each transaction is an expensive task. Especially, in spatiotemporal domain, data is more complex than traditional domains and very active. Additionally, it is not considered that unified frameworks deal with both spatial and temporal properties to handle integrity constraints. Therefore, there need a model to maintain integrity constraints in the unified frameworks and enforcement and management techniques in order to preserve consistence.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.144-149
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• 2005

Background: Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis is a complex process involving the activation of kinases and phosphatases. FcgammaRIIB has been known to transduces inhibitory signals through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in cytoplasmic domains. In this study, we examined the involvement of inositol-phosphatase in the Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Methods: J774 cells were infected using vaccinia viral vector containing SH2 domain-containing inositol-phosphatase (SHIP) cDNA and stimulated with the sensitized sheep red blood cells. Results: Stimulation of J774 cells induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of SHIP which was maximal at 5 minutes. Phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase inhibitor (wortmannin) inhibits J774 cell phagocytosis of sensitized sheep red blood cells in a dose-dependent manner. Heterologious expression of SHIP in J774 cells inhibits phagocytosis of sensitized sheep red blood cells in a dose-dependency manner, but catalytically dead mutants of SHIP has no effect on phagocytosis. Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that the active signals mediated by PI-3 kinase are opposed by inhibitory signals through SHIP in the regulation of Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.461-470
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• 2003

This paper discusses a time domain controller, LQR, and a frequency domain controller, H₂, for optimal control of civil structures under seismic loads. Numerical simulations are performed on a three-story structure with Active Mass Driver (AMD), which is experimentally identified. Control effectiveness of each controller for the suppression of third floor acceleration responses is investigated when the similar maximum control force is used. Simulation results indicate that LQR is effective for acceleration response reduction while H₂ controller is efficient for utilizing control force.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.629-633
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• 2006

We investigated a new longitudinal acceleration wave decomposition method in time domain. The proposed method separates up- and down-stream waves with an axial strain and axial acceleration measured at a single point on the transmission path. The advantages such as low computation load and easy implementation would be possible by developing time domain under the following assumptions; low frequency range, uniform cross sectional area and elastic wave propagation. We confirmed the feasibility and performance of the method through experiment using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). The method can be effective in several applications, including active vibration control with wave view point, where real time wave decomposition is necessary.