• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.807-815
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• 2005

Let R be a ring with identity, X the set of all nonzero, nonunits of Rand G the group of all units of R. We will consider two group actions on X by G, the regular action and the conjugate action. In this paper, by investigating two group actions we can have some results as follows: First, if G is a finitely generated abelian group, then the orbit O(x) under the regular action on X by G is finite for all nilpotents x $\in$ X. Secondly, if F is a field in which 2 is a unit and F $\backslash\;\{0\}$ is a finitley generated abelian group, then F is finite. Finally, if G in a unit-regular ring R is a torsion group and 2 is a unit in R, then the conjugate action on X by G is trivial if and only if G is abelian if and only if R is commutative.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1144_1145
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• 2009

Tidal power station is using the difference of the ebb and flow and the single action tidal power is dependent on tide amplitude and basin volume. Therefore the inflow of basin in rainy season has also effect on the daily power. Also if operating units are changed then starting head too changed. Therefore the number of units are very important for the optimization model. According to our study the primary point when we make a determination of optimization is starting head and governorl control mode. On this study optimization model for tidal power station is considered all of this conditions.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2009

Let R be a ring with unity, X the set of all nonzero, nonunits of R and G the group of all units of R. We will consider some group actions on X by G, the left (resp. right) regular action and the conjugate action. In this paper, by investigating these group actions we can have some results as follows: First, if E(R), the set of all nonzero nonunit idempotents of a unit-regular ring R, is commuting, then $o_{\ell}(x)\;=\;o_r(x)$, $o_c(x)\;=\;\{x\}$ for all $x\;{\in}\;X$ where $o_{\ell}(x)$ (resp. $o_r(x)$, $o_c(x)$) is the orbit of x under the left regular (resp. right regular, conjugate) action on X by G and R is abelian regular. Secondly, if R is a unit-regular ring with unity 1 such that G is a cyclic group and $2\;=\;1\;+\;1\;{\in}\;G$, then G is a finite group. Finally, if R is an abelian regular ring such that G is an abelian group, then R is a commutative ring.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 1996

General pharmacological properties of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) following intravenous administration of 1,000,000 units/kg were examined in terms of effects on central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system in mice, rats and rabbits. Administration of UTI (1,000,000 units/kg, iv) had no effect on central nervous system; no influences on pentobarbital sleeping time, spontaneous activity, normal body temperature, chemoshock produced by pentylenetetrazole solution, writhing syndromes induced by 0.6% acetic acid solution, and motor coordination of mice. The administration of UTI (1,000,000) units/kg, iv) in rats had no effect on systolic blood pressure and pulse rate. UTI (500,000 units/kg, iv) given to anesthetized rabbits showed no effect on respiratory rate. However, it showed significant elevation of respiratory rate at the concentration of 1,000,000 units/kg. Gastric secretion of rat and intestinal motility of mice were not influenced by the dose of 1,000,000 units/kg. In terms of autonomic nervous system, the material did not show direct effect and inhibitory or augmentative action of histamine- or acetylcholine-induced contraction at the concentration of 2,000 units/ml in the isolated ileum of guinea pig.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.929-932
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• 1998

In this paper we propose a method of representing emotional experessions and lip shapes for sign language communication using 3-dimensional model. At first we employ the action units (AU) of facial action coding system(FACS) to display all shapes. Then we define 11 basic lip shapes and sounding times of each components in a syllable in order to synthesize the lip shapes more precisely for korean characters. Experimental results show that the proposed method could be used efficiently for the sign language image communication between different languages.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2017

Let n be any positive integer and ${\mathbb{Z}}_n=\{0,1,{\cdots},n-1\}$ be the ring of integers modulo n. Let $X_n$ be the set of all nonzero, nonunits of ${\mathbb{Z}}_n$, and $G_n$ be the group of all units of ${\mathbb{Z}}_n$. In this paper, by investigating the regular action on $X_n$ by $G_n$, the following are proved : (1) The number of orbits under the regular action (resp. the number of annihilators in $X_n$) is equal to the number of all divisors (${\neq}1$, n) of n; (2) For any positive integer n, ${\sum}_{g{\in}G_n}\;g{\equiv}0$ (mod n); (3) For any orbit o(x) ($x{\in}X_n$) with ${\mid}o(x){\mid}{\geq}2$, ${\sum}_{y{\in}o(x)}\;y{\equiv}0$ (mod n).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2004

This paper proposes a method to provide intelligence for characters in fighting action games by using a neural network. Each action takes several time units in general fighting action games. Thus the results of a character's action are not exposed immediately but some time units later. To design a suitable neural network for such characters, it is very important to decide when the neural network is taught and which values are used to teach the neural network. The fitness of a character's action is determined according to the scores. For learning, the decision causing the score is identified, and then the neural network is taught by using the score change, the previous input and output values which were applied when the decision was fixed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, many experiments are executed on a simple action game (but very similar to the actual fighting action games) environment. The results show that the intelligent character trained by the proposed algorithm outperforms random characters by 3.6 times at most. Thus we can conclude that the intelligent character properly reacts against the action of the opponent. The proposed method can be applied to various games in which characters confront each other, e.g. massively multiple online games.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.395-400
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose an study of the facial emotion recognition considering the dynamical variation of emotional state in facial image sequences. The proposed system consists of two main step: facial image based emotional feature extraction and emotional state classification/recognition. At first, we propose a method for extracting and analyzing the emotional feature region using a combination of Active Shape Model (ASM) and Facial Action Units (FAUs). And then, it is proposed that emotional state classification and recognition method based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) type of dynamic Bayesian network. Also, we adopt a Harmony Search (HS) algorithm based heuristic optimization procedure in a parameter learning of HMM in order to classify the emotional state more accurately. By using all these methods, we construct the emotion recognition system based on variations of the dynamic facial image sequence and make an attempt at improvement of the recognition performance.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.1097-1106
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• 2010

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, X the set of all nonzero, nonunits of R and G the group of all units of R. We will investigate some ring theoretic properties of R by considering $\Gamma$(R), the zero-divisor graph of R, under the regular action on X by G as follows: (1) If R is a ring such that X is a union of a finite number of orbits under the regular action on X by G, then there is a vertex of $\Gamma$(R) which is adjacent to every other vertex in $\Gamma$(R) if and only if R is a local ring or $R\;{\simeq}\;\mathbb{Z}_2\;{\times}\;F$ where F is a field; (2) If R is a local ring such that X is a union of n distinct orbits under the regular action of G on X, then all ideals of R consist of {{0}, J, $J^2$, $\ldots$, $J^n$, R} where J is the Jacobson radical of R; (3) If R is a ring such that X is a union of a finite number of orbits under the regular action on X by G, then the number of all ideals is finite and is greater than equal to the number of orbits.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.107-125
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the dietary life units of Korean and American high school home economics textbook according to Habermas's three systems of action and to find out how the three systems of action are reflected in the learning objectives and activity tasks of the textbook. To achieve this purpose, this study analyzed the learning objectives and activity tasks of the dietary life units in the textbooks of 'technology & home economics' and 'home economics science' in Korea, and 'succeeding in life and career' in America using a content analysis technique based on Habermas's three systems of action. In analyzing the content, each learning objective or activity was matched with one of the three systems of action by examining the context. In some cases, two or more systems of actions were integrated in one activity. This is a case where a series of learning tasks that involve different action system were grouped into one. The numbers of learning objectives and activities of the units of 'technology & home economics', 'home economics science' textbooks of Korean high schools and 'succeeding in life and career' dietary life of American high schools were 3, 26, and 248, respectively. In Korean textbooks, the percentage of communicative action was highest among the three systems, that is, 66.7% for 'technology & home economics' textbooks and 50% for 'home economics science' textbooks. In comparison technical action was the highest in American textbooks at 66.5%. Activities related to technical action included cooking, conducting research on health and food, or conducting experiments. The activities related to communicative action included role play related to health and table manners, or writing reports after conducting surveys or interviewing professionals. The activities related to emancipative action were to social participation activities such as service project in relation to health and food, or to find problems that occur in dietary life and think about be best solution through practical reasoning.