• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1545-1551
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• 2021

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) such as capsular polysaccharide (CPS) are important bioactive carbohydrate compounds and are often used as bioenrichment agents and bioabsorbers to remove environmental pollutants like di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP). Among the EPS-producing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have gained the most attention. As generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microorganisms, LAB can produce EPSs having many different structures and no health risks. However, EPS production by LAB does not meet the needs of large-scale application on an industrial scale. Here, the capA gene (encoding CPS biosynthesis protein) was overexpressed in Lactobacillus plantarum P1 to improve the production of EPSs and further enhance the DBP adsorption capability. Compared with P1, the CPS production in capA overexpressed strain was increased by 11.3 mg/l, and the EPS thickness was increased from 0.0786 ± 0.0224 ㎛ in P1 to 0.1160 ± 0.0480 ㎛ in P1-capA. These increases caused the DBP adsorption ratio of P1-capA to be doubled. Overall, the findings in this study provide a safe method for the adsorption and removal of DBP.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.580-592
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• 2022

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on lipid oxidation and protein degradation in Tan sheep meatballs during the frozen period. The meatballs were treated with LBP at 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03% and stored at -18±1℃ for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks. The effects of LBP treatment were investigated using the contents of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), texture profile (TP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), colour, and pH values, compared with 0.02% butylated hydroxytoluene treatment and the blank control. The results showed that LBP treatment significantly decreased TBARS content compared with the control, which confirmed LBP to be a highly effective component in preventing lipid oxidation of Tan sheep meatballs during frozen storage, and protein degradation in Tan sheep meatballs had a significant inhibition effect because of TVB-N value reduction. In addition, the colour, TP and pH values of meatballs treated with LBP were improved dramatically. To further determine the quality changes of the blank control and all treated groups during storage, the comprehensive score evaluation equation based on principal component analysis was obtained: Y=0.51632Y₁+0.29589Y₂ (cumulative contribution rate=81.221%), and the 0.02% LBP-treated group had a higher comprehensive score than the other groups, and the quality of LBP-treated meatballs was better as well. In summary, LBP may reduce or inhibit lipid oxidation and protein degradation, and enhance overall quality and shelf-life in prepared meat products.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2006

Radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of Laminaria japonica and fermented its extracts were evaluated. Freeze-dried L. japonica was fermented by Aspergillus oryzae and extracted with distilled water. The extract solution was mixed with ethanol and centrifuged. The supernatant was ethanol soluble fraction, non-polysaccharide fraction (ESF), and residue was ethanol insoluble precipitation, polysaccharide fraction (EIP). ESF was subjected to sequential fractionation with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. To determine the radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of these, DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical scavenging activities and linoleic acid oxidation were tested. Among the extracts, ESF of fermented L. japonica showed the highest radical scavenging activity. The ESF showed DPPH radical scavenging activity of 64.33% at concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. It was higher than 57.70% of vit. C. Ethyl acetate and butanol fraction had high value of radical scavenging and antioxidant activities, especially butanol fraction of fermented L. japonica was 79.48 % of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity at concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. The fermented L japonica had radical scavenging and antioxidant activities higher than L. japonica. These results suggest that fermented L japonica is healthy food having radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2009

Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is involved in synthesizing extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). The gene encoding PGI in Sphingomonas chungbukensis DJ77 was cloned and expressed in E. coli, and the protein was characterized. The pgi gene from DJ77 is 1,503 nucleotides long with 62% GC content and the deduced amino acid sequence shows strong homology with PGIs from other sources. The molecular masses of PGI subunit and native form were estimated to be 50 kDa and 97 kDa, respectively. Four potentially important residues (H361, R245, E330 and K472) were identified by homology modeling. The mutations, H361A, R245A, E330A, R245K and E330D resulted in decrease in Vmax by hundreds fold, however no significant change in Km was observed. These data suggest that the three residues (H361, R245Aand E330) are likely located in the active site and the size as well as the spatial position of side chains of R245 and E330 are crucial for catalysis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2009

The prescriptions (DB-1-DB-5) were prepared with the active herbal medicines, Acanthopanax senticosus, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Polygonatum odoratum, and Cichorium intybus. The most active crude polysaccharide fraction (DB-2-3), which was isolated through the fractionation of hot-water extract from DB-2, was significantly reduced by periodate oxidation (52.7 and 63.7%) on intestinal immune system modulating and anticancer activity. When DB-2-3 was further fractionated by column chromatographies, DB-2-3IIc-2 showed the most potent activities. In addition, DB-2-3IIc stimulated the proliferation of bone marrow cells via Peyer's patch in dose-dependent pattern by oral administration. The metastasis of colon 26-M3.1 lung carcinoma had significantly inhibited in mice fed DB-2-3IIc at 1 mg/mouse (43.8%). DB-2-3IIc-2 mainly contained uronic acid (46.1%) and 42.5% of neutral sugar with a small amount of protein (7.6%), and component sugar analysis also showed that DB-2-3IIc-2 was composed Ara, Gal, and GalA (molar ratio; 0.50:0.63:1.00). It may be suggested that activities of DB-2-3IIc-2 are resulted from pectic polysaccharides containing a polygalacturonan moiety with side chain of neutral sugars, such as Ara and Gal.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2014

Background: In this study, we examined the effects of various enzymes on chemical conversions of ginsenosides in ginseng extract prepared by amylases. Methods: Rapidase, Econase CE, Viscozyme, Ultraflo L, and Cytolase PCL5 were used for secondary enzymatic hydrolysis after amylase treatment of ginseng extract, and ginsenoside contents, skin permeability, and chemical compositions including total sugar, acidic polysaccharide, and polyphenols were determined on the hydrolyzed ginseng extract. Results: Rapidase treatment significantly elevated total ginsenoside contents compared with the control (p < 0.05). In particular, deglycosylated ginsenosides including Rg3, which are known as bioactive compounds, were significantly increased after Rapidase treatment (p < 0.05). The Rapidase-treated group also increased the skin permeability of polyphenols compared with the control, showing the highest level of total sugar content among the enzyme treatment groups. Conclusion: This result showed that Rapidase induced the conversion of ginsenoside glycosides to aglycones. Meanwhile, Cytolase PCL5 and Econase treatments led to a significant increase of uronic acid (acidic polysaccharide) level. Taken together, our data showed that the treatments of enzymes including Rapidase are useful for the conversion and increase of ginsenosides in ginseng extracts or products.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.110-114
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• 1999

제주도산 우뭇가사리로부터 agar를 제조하여 분석용 등급의 agarose 제조를 위하여 cetylpyridium chloride (CPC), polyethylene glycol (PEG), chitosan을 처리하여 agaropectin을 제거하여 agarose를 분리, 정제하였다. 3가지 방법중 chitosan을 처리하여 정제한 agarose는 황산기 함량이 가장 낮았으며, electroendosomosis도 가장 낮은 수치를 나타내어 분석용 agarose 제조를 위한 가장 효율적인 방법으로 나타났으며 실제 DNA 전기영동 실험에서도 가장 우수한 resolution을 나타내었으며 교차면역 전기영동에서도 시판되고 있는 제품에 비하여 품질이 양호함을 알 수 있었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.523-528
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• 2009

Phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) catalyzes the interconversion of fructose-6-phosphate and mannose-6-phosphate in the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis pathway. The gene encoding PMI in Sphingomonas chungbukensis DJ77 was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The pmi gene is 1,410 nucleotides long and the deduced amino acid sequence shares high homology with other bifunctional proteins that possess both PMI and GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP) activities. The sequence analysis of PMI revealed two domains with three conserved motifs: a GMP domain at the N-terminus and a PMI domain at the C-terminus. Enzyme assays using the PMI protein confirmed its bifunctional activity. Both activities required divalent metal ions such as $Co^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$ or $Zn^{2+}$. Of these ions, $Co^{2+}$ was found to be the most effective activator of PMI. GDP-D-mannose was found to inhibit the PMI activity, suggesting feedback regulation of this pathway.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.467-471
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• 1998

Numerous efforts have been made to isolate immunologically active component from Mori Cortex Radicis, since it has been used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, and immune dis order in human. Recently, we reported the purification of an anti-allergic component of the Mori Cortex Radicis. Among the fractions we prepared in the previous study, a fraction was active in the proliferation of murine lymphocytes. The active component (HHM 3-1) was elucidated as a polysaccharade with a small amount of lignin. When it was subjected to MALDI-MS by using 3-hydroxypicolinic acid as a matrix, the molecular weight of the component was estimated as 792688.2dalton. Total hexose and protein content of the component were estimated as 62.6% and 0.51%, respectively and it was composed mainly of glucose, galactose and mannose. The remaining part of the component was estimated as ligin because of the characteristic functional groups in IR and UV spectra. Concomitant treatment of HHM 3-1 with known mitogens synergistically increased the proliferation of B-cells and T-cells.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.1334-1341
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• 2014

치마버섯 균사체 배양물로부터 분리된 다당류의 생리활성을 알아보기 위해 항보체 활성, NO 생성능, 지질 과산화 억제능, OH radical 제거 효과, 미백효과, 항균효과 및 피부투과도를 측정하였다. 치마버섯 배양균사체 유래 다당류의 항보체 활성은 열수 추출 알코올침전분획(SC-EP)이 $8.9{\pm}0.3%$, 세포내성 다당류(SC-IP)는 $14.7{\pm}1.7%$, 열수 추출 한외여과분획(SC-UP)은 $10.2{\pm}0.8%$, 균사체외성 무처리 분획(SC-NEP)은 $5.2{\pm}0.7%$로 나타났다. 치마버섯 균사체 배양물의 열수 추출 한외여과 처리한 다당류(SC-UP)는 $12.8{\pm}0.7{\mu}M$의 NO를 생성하는 것으로 조사되었다. 양성 대조물질로 사용한 IFN-${\gamma}$와 LPS에서는 각각 $33.4{\pm}1.7{\mu}M$과 $35.1{\pm}1.5{\mu}M$로 나타났다. AsA-$Fe^{2+}$로 유도된 지질 과산화에 대한 영향은 열수 추출 에탄올 처리 분획(SC-EP) 및 UF 처리 분획(SC-UP)의 경우 각각 $28.9{\pm}0.7nM$ 및 $26.5{\pm}0.3nM$의 MDA를 생성시켰다. ADP-NADPH-$Fe^{3+}$로 유도된 지질 과산화에 대한 영향은 배양 균사체 배양물의 열수 추출 에탄올 처리 분획(SC-EP) 및 UF 처리 분획(SC-UP)이 각각 19.8%와 20.8%의 지질 과산화 생성 억제율을 나타내었다. OH radical의 제거 효과로 균사체 배양물의 열수 추출 UF 처리 분획(SC-UP)의 OH radical 제거 효과에 대한 $IC_{50}$은 3.32 mg/mL로 조사되었다. 균사체 배양물의 열수 추출 UF 처리 분획(SC-UP)의 tyrosinase 저해 효과는 1.0 mg/mL의 농도 처리 시에 19.9%로 나타났다. 또한 여드름 균에 대한 항균효과를 위한 MIC 치는 균사체 배양물의 열수 추출 UF 처리 분획(SC-UP)이 10 mg/mL, 균사체외성 다당류(SC-NEP)의 경우는 20 mg/mL 이상인 것으로 조사되었다. 균사체 배양물의 열수 추출 UF 처리 분획(SC-UP)의 피부투과도는 3시간, 6시간 및 9시간 경과 후 각각 0.47%, 0.73% 및 1.20%를 나타내었다. 상기의 결과들로부터 치마버섯 균사체 배양물로부터 분리된 다당류의 면역 활성, 항산화 활성 등의 생물학적 특성을 이용하여 기능성 소재의 개발이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.